考研考博-英语-山东艺术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东艺术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

It’sa______timetable.Sometimelessonshappen,sometimestheydon’t.

问题1选项

A.haphazard

B.odious

C.haughty

D.handicapped

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.haphazard偶然的；随便的；无计划的B.odious可憎的，讨厌的

C.haughty傲慢的，自大的D.handicapped残疾的，有生理缺陷的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空缺处部分修饰名词timetable，并且由后文句意“有时有课，有时没课”可知，这个时间表缺乏计划性。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】这是一个随意的时间表。有时有课，有时没课。

2.单选题

Ideas（）fromone'sownexperiencearesometimesmorevaluablethanthosefrombooks.

问题1选项

A.derived

B.deprived

C.retreated

D.restored

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配。derivefrom"来自……"；deprive"剥夺，使丧失"，后面一般接介词of；retreat"撤退"；restore"归还，使恢复"。句意：人的经验之谈有时比书本里的话更有价值。选项A正确。

3.单选题

TheplanetVenus,likeEarth,spinsonitsown（）asitorbitstheSun.

问题1选项

A.splinter

B.index

C.axis

D.trace

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项splinter“碎片”；B选项index“指数”；C选项axis“轴线”；D选项trace“痕迹”。句意：金星和地球一样，绕着太阳公转，也绕着自己的轴心自转。本句表示自转轴。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Oftencriticismmaybemoreeffectivelymadeby（

）thanbydirectcensure.

问题1选项

A.deception

B.innuendo

C.malignity

D.collusion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。deception欺骗，欺瞒；innuendo讽刺，挖苦；malignity恶意；collusion共谋，勾结。句意：通常情况下，讽刺口吻似的批评比直接指责更有效。由directcensure“直接严厉斥责”可知空格处所填单词应与其相反，故B项最符合句意。

5.单选题

Thereis（）conflictinginformationonhowmuchironwomenneedintheirdiet.

问题1选项

A.somuch

B.somany

C.toofew

D.afew

【答案】A

【解析】information是不可数名司，只有选项A后面接不可数名词。

6.单选题

Today’srecyclerscannowconceivablylayclaimtoarich,bloody,brawnyheritage,ifanewVikingdiscoveryisanyindication.ThefamedNorsewarriors,manyofwhomsettledpartsofeasternandnorthernEnglandintheMiddleAges,recycledastheyfought,newexcavationsintheUnitedKingdomsuggest.

An11th-centurymetalworkingsiterecentlydiscoveredinthecityofYorkislikelyevidenceofamakeshiftrecyclingcenter,whereVikingstookweaponsforreprocessingafterbattle,accordingtohistorianCharlesJones,organizeroftheFulfordBattlefieldSociety,whichadvocatespreservingthebattlesiteagainstpotentialdevelopment.

Jonesandhisteamhavefoundhundredsofpiecesofironwork—includingaxes,swordparts,andarrowheads——alongwithlumpsofmelted-downironandtheremainsofsmeltingpits.“Wefoundseveral‘smithinghearthbottoms’—theremainsofthemoltenmetalwhichdribblesdownduringthereprocessingoftheweaponryironwork,nhetoldtheYorkPress.“Theironfindssupporttheideathatmetalwasgatheredandrecycledintheareajustbehindwherethefightingtookplace,”Jonessaid.TheartifactsarecurrentlyundergoingX-rayanalysisattheUniversityofYork.Theuniversity’sSorenSindbaeksaidthetestsshouldrevealwhetherthecorrodeditemswereforgedusingNorseironwork,whichinvolvedusingdistinctivealloysofsoftironandhardsteel.“TheVikingswereveryskillfulmetalworkers,”saidarchaeologistSindbaek.“Theirweaponryisfamousforthewayironistreated.Anymetalwasapreciousmaterialthatwouldberecycled，”hesaid.“Whoeverwonafightinthisperiodwouldcollectwhatwasleftonthebattlefield.”

ThoughheknowsofnootherbattlefieldexamplesofVikingrecycling，evidenceofreuseofmetalandothermaterialshasbeenfoundatotherVikingsites,Sindbaeksaid.RecentexcavationsinYork,whichwascapturedandsettledbytheScandinavianseafarersin866，forinstance,showthatVikingsrecycledboatsforbuildingmaterialforhousesandevensidewalks.

JonesbelievesVikingsforcesworkedonthemetalin1066afterdefeatingEnglishwarriorsattheBattleofFulford,avillagelongsincesubsumedbytheexpandedcityofYork.Thehistorian’steambelievestheVikingswereforcedtoabandontheirrecyclingworkfivedayslaterbyasecondEnglishattack,theBattleofStamfordBridge,ledbyEngland’sKingHaroldII.TheVikingleaderinthebattle,KingHaroldIIIofNorway,waskilledandhisforcesrouted.TheEnglishkinglosthisownlifethefollowingmonth,whenhiswar-wearytroopsweredefeatedattheBattleofHastingsbyWilliam,DukeofNormandy,whobecamethenewEnglishking.

ProjectleaderJones,authorofTheForgottenBattleof1066:Fulford,isanamateurhistorian,andmanyoftheartifactswereuncoverednotduringprofessionalarchaeologicalexcavationsbutbymetal-detectorenthusiasts.Butthat“doesn’tatalldevalue”thediscovery,saidarchaeologistAllanHalloftheUniversityofYork.TheFulfordBattlefieldSocietyis“workingincloseco-operationwiththearchaeologicalestablishment，”Hallsaid.“Archaeologyhasalongtraditionofamateurstakingpart.”

1.Whatissaidabouttoday’srecyclersatthebeginningofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe11th-centurymetalworkingsiterecentlydiscoveredin

thecityofYork?

3.WhathadarchaeologistsknownaboutVikingrecyclingbeforetheweaponrecyclingcenterwasdiscovered?

4.WhatisspecialaboutthevillageofFulford?

5.WhatdoweknowabouttheFulfordBattlefieldSociety?

问题1选项

A.TheyrecyclethingsthatarediscoveredattheVikingsettlements.

B.Theyareasrich,bloodyandbrawnyastheirVikingancestors.

C.TheymayhaveinheritedtherecyclingtraditionfromtheVikings.

D.TheyrecyclethesamethingsthattheVikingsrecycled.

问题2选项

A.Itwasanironworkrecyclingcenterfarawayfromthebattlefield.

B.WeaponsandotherutensilswerereprocessedherebytheVikings.

C.Evidenceshowsthattheweaponsrecycledherewereleftbytheenemyinthebattle.

D.Thepiecesofironworkfoundinthissitearebeinganalyzedinordertoknowwhatexactlytheyweremade'of.

问题3选项

A.TheVikingsrecycledmetalandothermaterialsfordailyuse.

B.TheVikingsonlyrecycledmetalsbecausetheywereprecious.

C.TheVikingsweretheonlypeopleatthattimewhousedalloysinreprocessingweapons.

D.Recyclingcenterswereusuallyfoundbehindthebattlefields.

问题4选项

A.ItisnearthecityofYorkbutwasnotincludedinthecityinhistory.

B.Abattletookplaceherein1066afterwhichtheVikingrecyclingcenterwasbuilttoreprocessweapons.

C.TheVikingsdefeatedtheEnglisharmytwicehereintheyear1066.

D.ItwasthelocationofthebattlebetweenKingHaroldIIandDukeofNormandy.

问题5选项

A.Itisanorganizationofprofessionalandamateurhistorians.

B.ItstrivesforpreservingtheVikingrecyclingsiteagainstpotentialdevelopment.

C.ItassistedprofessionalarchaeologistsintheexcavationoftheVikingrecyclingcenter.

D.Itisanamateurorganizationcooperatingcloselywithprofessionalarchaeologists.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：在这篇文章的开头，关于今天的回收者说了些什么？本文第一段最后一句提到“ThefamedNorsewarriors,manyofwhomsettledpartsofeasternandnorthernEnglandintheMiddleAges,recycledastheyfought,newexcavationsintheUnitedKingdomsuggest”，著名的北欧战士——维京人就是边打仗边回收利用，说明今天的回收者可能是从维京人继承而来。因此C选项符合题意。

2.细节推理题。题干：关于最近在约克市发现的11世纪金属加工遗址，下列哪一项是正确的？文章第二段第一句提到了11世纪金属加工遗址。文中对此的描述是“whereVikingstookweaponsforreprocessingafterbattle”，与B选项对应，因此B选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：在发现武器回收中心之前，考古学家对维京人的回收利用了解多少？文中的CharlesJones即aechaeologist考古学家，文中引用了“Theironfindssupporttheideathatmetalwasgatheredandrecycledintheareajustbehindwherethefightingtookplace”，对应D选项的内容，因此D选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干：富尔福德村有什么特别之处？第五段提到“Vikingsforcesworkedonthemetalin1066afterdefeatingEnglishwarriorsattheBattleofFulford,avillagelongsincesubsumedbytheexpandedcityofYork”，可知1066年在这里发生了战役，维京人在这里开始回收武器。因此B选项符合题意。

5.细节推理题。题干：我们对福尔福德战场了解多少？文章最后一段说到“TheFulfordBattlefieldSocietyis“workingincloseco-operationwiththearchaeologicalestablishment”，提取关键词“合作”，还提到“Archaeologyhasalongtraditionofamateurstakingpart”，与A选项的“amateurhistorians”对应，因此A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Likeanoldladyplayingthe______maiden,theseniorpoliticiankeptthemediaandthepublicguessingaboutherpolicyintentionsatthepressconference.

问题1选项

A.domestic

B.tough

C.modest

D.coy

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.domestic家庭的；国内的B.tough艰苦的；严厉的

C.modest谦虚的；不太大（或太贵、太重要等）的D.coy羞羞答答的，忸怩作态的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据所修饰的词语maiden（少女）和keptthemediaandthepublicguessingaboutherpolicyintentions（让媒体和公众猜测她的政策意图）可知，空格处表示“忸怩作态的，腼腆的”符合句意，故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】在记者招待会上，这位资深政治家就像一个故作腼腆的少女，让媒体和公众猜测她的政策意图。

8.单选题

The（

）ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

问题1选项

A.origin

B.generation

C.descent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项origin“起源”；B选项generation“产生”；C选项descent“下降”；D选项cause“原因”。

句意：这个词的起源尚不清楚，但肯定不是来自希腊语。选项A符合句意。

9.单选题

Youstareatwaterfallforaminuteortwo,andthenshiftyourgazetoitssurroundings.Whatyounowseeappearstodriftupward.Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening―thatyourbrainmusthavemoved,nottheother;thatdownwardmotionsisnownormal,soachangefromitmustnowbeperceivedasupwardmotion.

Thesensorsthatmakethismagicareoftwokinds.Eacheyecontainsabout120millionrods,whichprovidesomewhatblurryblackandwhitevision.Thesearethewindowsofnightvision;onceadaptedtothedark,theycandetectacandleburningtenmilesaway.

Colorvisionineacheyecomesfromsixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones.Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors,butonetypeofconeismostsensitivetored,anothertogreen,athirdtoblue.

Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.

Likeapparentmotion,colorvisionisalsosubjecttounusualeffects.Whendaygiveswaytonight,twilightbringswhatthepoetT.S.Eliotcalled“theviolethour”Alightlevelsfall,therodsbecomeprogressivelylessresponsive.Rodsaremostsensitivetotheshorterwavelengthsofblueandgreen,andtheyimpartastrangevividnesstothegarden'sblueflowers.

However,lookatawhiteshirtduringthereddishlightofsunset,andyou’llstillseeitinits“true”color―white,notred.Oureyesareconstantlycomparinganobjectagainstitssurroundings.Theythereforeobservetheeffectofashiftinthecolorofilluminatingonboth,andadjustaccordingly.

Theeyescandistinguishseveralmilliongraduationsoflightandshadeofcolor.Eachwakingsecondtheyflashtensofmillionsofpiecesofinformationtothebrain,whichweavesthemincessantlyintoapictureoftheworldaroundus.

Yetallthisisdoneatthebackofeacheyebyafabricofsensors,calledtheretina,aboutaswideandasthickasapostagestamp.AstheRenaissanceinventorandartistLeonardodaVinciwroteinwonder,“Whowouldbelievethatsosmallaspacecouldcontaintheimagesofalltheuniverse?”

1.Visualillusionsoftentakeplacewhentheimageofrealityis（

）.

2.Thevisualsensorthatiscapableofdistinguishingshadesofcoloriscalled

（

）.

3.Theretinasendpulsestothebrain

（

）.

4.Twenty-fourstillphotographsaremadeintoacontinuousmovingpicturejustbecause

（

）.

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassageliesin（

）.

问题1选项

A.matchedtosixtosevenmillionstructurescalledcones

B.confusedinthebody’ssensorsofbothrodsandcones

C.interpretedinthebrainaswhatmustbethecase

D.signaledbyabout120millionrodsintheeye

问题2选项

A.cones

B.colorvision

C.rods

D.spectrum

问题3选项

A.inshortwavelengths

B.ascolorpictures

C.byaganglioncell

D.alongtheopticnerve

问题4选项

A.theimageweseeusuallystayslongerthanitactuallyappears

B.weseeanobjectincomparisonwithitssurroundings

C.theeyescatchmillionpiecesofinformationcontinuously

D.rodsandconessendmessages20to25timesasecond

问题5选项

A.showingthatwesometimesaredeceivedbyourowneyes

B.informingusaboutthedifferentfunctionsoftheeyeorgans

C.regrettingthatwearetooslowinthestudyofeyes

D.marvelingatthegreatworkdonebytheretina

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Theseopticalillusionsoccurbecausethebrainisconstantlymatchingitsmodelofrealitytosignalsfromthebody’ssensorsandinterpretingwhatmustbehappening（这些视觉错觉之所以出现，是因为大脑不断地将身体的信号与现实情况相匹配，并解释即将发生的事情）可知C选项“在大脑中解释即将发生的事情”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Underidealconditions,everyconecan“see”theentirerainbowspectrumofvisiblecolors（在理想条件下，每个视锥都能“看到”整个彩虹光谱的可见色）可知选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Rodsandconessendtheirmessagespulsinganaverage20to25times,persecondalongtheopticnerve.（视杆和视锥沿着视觉神经以平均20到25次的脉冲传递信息）可知D选项“沿视觉神经”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的Weseeanimageforafractionofasecondlongerthanitactuallyappears.Inmovies,reelsofstillphotographsareprojectedontoscreensat24framespersecond,trickingoureyesintoseeingacontinuousmovingpicture.（我们看到一个图像的时间比它实际出现的时间要长一秒。在电影中，静止的图像以每秒24帧的速度投射到屏幕上，使我们的眼睛误以为看到的是一幅连续不断运动的画面）可知A选项“我们看到的图像通常比实际显示的要长”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了视网膜中的视杆和视锥细胞，视杆细胞主要负责夜视，视锥细胞主要负责颜色，因此B选项“告诉我们眼睛器官的不同功能”符合题意。

10.单选题

Davidtendstofeeluselessandunwantedinasocietythatgivessomuch（）towhocompetewell.

问题1选项

A.prestige

B.regime

C.superiority

D.legislation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项prestige“威信”；B选项regime“政体”；C选项superiority“优越”；D选项legislation“立法”。句意：在这样一个给予强者显赫声望的社会里，大卫觉得自己无用，不被社会需要。本句表示强者获得威望。因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

Itwasnotuntilonehundredthousandyearsafterthebigbangthatphotonswere（）frommatter.

问题1选项

A.setapart

B.setoff

C.setout

D.setfree

【答案】D

【解析】句意:直到十万年宇宙大爆炸之后，光子才从物质中释放出来。

考查短语辨析。D项“从…中释放”符合句意。

12.单选题

TheDuPontCompany,the13thlargestemployerintheU.S.，routinelygivespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobstodeterminewhomightbeacarrierofthetraitforsickle-cellanemia,eventhoughthetraitisregardedaslargelyharmless.Althoughthereareothergeneticallytransmittedblooddiseasesandmetabolicdisordersthatpredominateinracialorethnicgroups,blacksaretheonlyonestobeidentifiedwithadiseaseandexaminedforitatDuPont.InathreemonthstudyofgeneticscreeningintheAmericanworkplace,theNewYorkTimesfoundnootherinstanceofanethnicorracialgroupsingledoutinanorganizationorcompany.DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals.Yettheofficialscanoffernofirmevidencethatthetrait―notthedisease,butonlyasingleabnormalgene—makesblacksmorevulnerable.DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreeningandthusisatthecenterofthedebateoverthisareaofscience,debatesointense,sobroad,thatevenmedicaldirectorsfromothercompanieswhobelievethepossibilitiesofgeneticscreeningwantnopartofit.Atleast,nowtheofficialsatDuPontCompany,aleaderinthechemicalindustrywithannualgrosssalesofmorethan$10billion,feeltheyhavethemoneyandthescientiststoturnthedistrustintoachievement.Ifsomechemicalsarehighlytoxicandtheworkplaceislessthanpure,companyofficialsreason,itisonlylogicaltotrytodeterminewhysomeworkersgetsickerfasterandwhyothersseemtohavemoretoleranceforindustrialpoisons.Andsothecompanyislookingbeyondtheskillsandloyaltyofitsworkerstogeneticstructure.

Thesickle-celltraitisnotthesameassickle-cellanemia.Theanemiaisrarebutdebilitatingdisorderfoundinfewerthan50,000Americanblacks,abouttwo-tenthsofapercentoftheblackpopulation.Perhapstwomillionotherblacksarecarriersofthetrait—theyareheterozygous.Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutDuPont?

2.WhatdoDuPontofficialssay?

3.Whatistrueaboutgeneticscreening?

4.Theunderlinedword"toxic"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans（

）.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecarriersofsick-celltrait?

问题1选项

A.Itexaminedthebloodofsomeblacks

B.Itexaminedsomeblacksfortheirknowledgeofblood.

C.Itdiscoveredthatsomeblackshavebloodillness.

D.Itdiscoveredthebloodofsomeblackscontainingindustrialchemicals.

问题2选项

A.Theyaretryingtoprotectblacksformhealththreats.

B.Theycanprovethatblacksarelikelytohavehealthproblems.

C.Theyregardtheskillsofworkersasthemostimportantmatter.

D.Theyhopethatothercompaniescanfollowtheirexample.

问题3选项

A.Itoftenaimsatblackemployees.

B.Itsfocusisoftenonsickle-cellanemia.

C.Somecompaniesdonotwanttodoit.

D.TheUSgovernmentstronglysupportsit.

问题4选项

A.powerful

B.complex

C.thick

D.poisonous

问题5选项

A.Theirnumberisabout50,000.

B.Theyusuallyseemtohavenormallives.

C.Theyincludeoverhalfoftheblackpopulation

D.Theydonotseemtobeaffectedbyindustrialchemicals.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一段提到DuPont公司对来应聘的黑人进行血液检测（givespre-employmentbloodteststoallblackswhoapplyforjobs），选项A符合题意。

2.文章提到DuPont公司官方发言人强调这种做法不是歧视，而是在帮助他们避免潜在的疾病威胁（DuPontofficialsemphasizethatthesickletraittestsdonotrepresentdiscriminationandareonlyanefforttohelpthemavoidpotentiallyharmfulexposuretocertainchemicals），选项A符合题意。

3.文章提到DuPont公司是美国做基因筛查的先锋（DuPont,whichemployswellover100,000workers,isinthevanguardofAmericancompaniesdoinggeneticscreening），所以可以推测出一些公司并不想做这个筛查。选项C符合题意。

4.题干中的toxic是“有毒的”的意思。powerful有力的；complex复杂的，thick浓的；厚的；poisonous有毒的。选项D符合题意。

5.文章最后一句Virtuallyallthecarrierscanleadveryactivelivesandshownosymptomsofthedisease提到实际上很多携带者可以很积极地生活并且不会有任何症状。选项B符合题意。

13.填空题

Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolI

havetaughthaseverignoredspellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Chavetaught改为havetaughtin

【解析】【考查点】从句。

【解题思路】Ihavetaught是修饰school的定语从句，从句的完整句子为Ihavetaughtinschool，当school作为先行词放于从句之前时，介词应该保留，因此C部分应为havetaughtin。

【句意】家长们普遍认为学校不再重视拼写。我所任教的学校从来没有忽视过拼写，或认为拼写是一项基本技能，根本不重要。

14.单选题

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristics,andthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.However,thereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieu'sviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopmenttheydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrangeshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadrycontinentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulations.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationhadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thus,aftertheendoftheglaciationtherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibet,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing“striking”intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan“tea”isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimes,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandroussocietiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand“froze”thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityinasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

1.WhatwasthesignificanceofthefactthatthePleistoceneglaciationdidnotwipeoutlifeentirelyinthearea?

2.WhichofthefollowingmostlikelybestdescribesTibetan“tea”？

3.Theauthor'sknowledgeofTibetisprobably（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage:whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationcanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

问题1选项

A.Withoutlife,mancouldnotflourisheither.

B.Thedryingoutwastoosuddenformostplantstoadapttotheclimate.

C.Iftheregionhadbeendevoidoflife,someoftheotherspeciesfromnearby,aridareasmightpossiblyhavetakenoverthearea.

D.ThevarietyofTibetanlifewasdecreased.

问题2选项

A.agreentinteddrinksimilartoChinesebasket-friedgreentea

B.anutritiousmixtureoftealeavesandrancidyakbutter

C.adarkbrownteadrink,carefullystrained

D.ahighcaffeinedrink

问题3选项

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultofLifelongstudy

C.limitedtogeologicalhistory

D.derivedonlyfrombooks

问题4选项

A.Theplantsofacountry,bybeingthefoodofitspeople,causethepeopletohavesimilarviewstooneanother.

B.Someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical.

D.Europeanculturesareliberatedtosomedegreefromdeterminism.

问题5选项

A.areoriginallyfoundincontinentalclimates

B.aretheonlylifeformsinTibet,whichisasbigasacontinent

C.havebeenfoundinotherpartsoftheAsiancontinent

D.arefoundinalandmassthat