《测控技术与仪器英语教程》Lesson 13 Microprocessor

Lesson13Microprocessor

•Backgrounds•Texttour

•Languageinuse–Vocabulary–

Structure–

Reading/writingtechniques11/1/20221《测控技术与仪器英语教程》Backgrounds•

Terminology

–microprocessor

微处理器

–arithmetic/logicunit

算术逻辑单元

–registers

寄存器

–controlunit控制单元

–cachememory

高速缓存

–

localmemory内存

–

oscillator晶振

–microcontroller

微控制器

–substratecreation

衬基制备11/1/20222《测控技术与仪器英语教程》Backgrounds•

Terminology

–oxidation

氧化

–lithography

光刻

–etching

蚀刻

–ionimplantation离子注入

–filmdeposition

薄膜沉积

–die掩模

–cleanrooms清洁车间

–scanningtunnelingmicroscopy

扫描隧道显微检查

–molecular-beamepitaxy

分子束外延11/1/20223《测控技术与仪器英语教程》Texttour

•Outline

13.1Introduction

13.2ComputerMemory

13.3Microcontroller

13.4Semiconductors

13.5Transistors

13.6ConstructionofMicroprocessors

13.7HistoryoftheMicroprocessor13.8FutureTechnology

11/1/20224《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.1Introduction

•Microprocessorisanelectroniccircuitthatfunctionsasthecentralprocessingunit(CPU)ofacomputer,providingcomputationalcontrol•Themicroprocessorisonetypeofultra-large-scaleintegratedcircuit•Amicroprocessorconsistsofseveraldifferentsections

–arithmetic/logicunit

–registers

–controlunit

–bus

–localmemory11/1/20225《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.2ComputerMemory

•

Separateintegratedcircuits,calledrandom-accessmemory(RAM)chips,whichcontainlargenumbersoftransistors,areusedinconjunctionwiththemicroprocessortoprovidetheneededmemory

•twokindsofrandom-accessmemory

–StaticRAM–dynamicRAM

11/1/20226《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.3Microcontroller

•Amicroprocessorisnotacompletecomputer

•Adifferentkindofintegratedcircuit,amicrocontroller,isacompletecomputeronachip,containingalloftheelementsofthebasicmicroprocessoralongwithotherspecializedfunctions

11/1/20227《测控技术与仪器英语教程》•Itsabilitytoconductelectricityranksbetweenthatofa

conductorandthatofanonconductor,orinsulator•Siliconisthemostcommonsemiconductormaterial

•Thebasicbuildingblockofmostsemiconductordevicesisthediode,ajunction,orunion,ofnegative-type(n-type)andpositive-type(p-type)materials

13.4Semiconductors

11/1/20228《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.5Transistors•thetransistorusedmostcommonlyinthemicroelectronicsindustryiscalledametal-oxide-semiconductorfieldeffecttransistor(MOSFET)

•theconstructionofMOSFET11/1/20229《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.6ConstructionofMicroprocessors

•Microprocessorsarefabricatedusingtechniquessimilartothoseusedforotherintegratedcircuits

•Theprocessingstepsmicroprocessors

–substratecreation

–oxidation–lithography–etching–ionimplantation

–filmdeposition

11/1/202210《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.7HistoryoftheMicroprocessor•ThefirstmicroprocessorwastheIntel4004,producedin1971

•Thefirst8-bitmicroprocessorwastheIntel8008,developedin1972

•Thefirsttrulygeneral-purposemicroprocessor,developedin1974,wasthe8-bitIntel8080

•Modernmicroprocessorshavemuchgreatercapacityandspeed

–IntelPentiumPro

–UltraSparc-II

–PowerPC620

–Alpha21164A

11/1/202211《测控技术与仪器英语教程》13.8FutureTechnology•Higherintegrationrate•Lithographictechniqueswillalsorequireimprovements•newtechnologylikemolecular-beamepitaxyand

scanningtunnelingmicroscopywillbeabletousedin

microprocessor11/1/202212《测控技术与仪器英语教程》Languageinuse•Vocabulary

–cachememory,gate,monitor•Structure•Reading/writing

techniques

11/1/202213《测控技术与仪器英语教程》cache

indictionary•隐藏处所,隐藏的粮食或物资,贮藏物•隐藏,窖藏•高速缓冲存储器11/1/202214《测控技术与仪器英语教程》cache

intext•cachememory

高速缓冲存储器

11/1/202215《测控技术与仪器英语教程》cache

inuse•cachecampsuppliesbyalake

把野营的供应物资贮藏在湖畔•

Cachememory

高速缓冲存储器

11/1/202216《测控技术与仪器英语教程》gateindictionary•[古]街道,路•[方]习惯性的行为或动作•[苏]旅行的路线•[苏]距离•[主英]放牧(尤指在公共土地上放牧)•大门11/1/202217《测控技术与仪器英语教程》gate

intext•

logicgate

逻辑门11/1/202218《测控技术与仪器英语教程》gate

inuse•He'sgonesomeothergate.

他已向另外某个方向去了。•It'salonggatefromhere.

距这里还很远。•elementarygates

基本门电路•ANDgate

与门

11/1/202219《测控技术与仪器英语教程》monitorindictionary•(学校的)班[级]长,教务助理生,导生(代理教师的学生)•监听员;监听器;监视器,控制器;(火箭的)追踪器•劝告[告诫、警告]者;[古]忠告者,监督•稳定[控制,检查,保护,安全]装置,保险设备•提醒物,告诫物•(救火、采矿等用的)喷射口,水枪•【军】浅水炮舰•(电影)调音员•【动】大壁虎,巨蜥•监视;监控;检验,检查;调节;追踪11/1/202220《测控技术与仪器英语教程》monitor

intext•

suchasmonitorand