2019高考英语短文改错题型考点梳理与练习

2019高考英语短文改错题型考点梳理与练习例题：假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（人），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.Beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheinternet.Whensummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthevegetables！通过以上的改错练习我们发现：短文改错共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误，每处错误只涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加（1-2处）在缺词处添加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写上该加的词。删除（1-2处）把多余的词用斜线划掉。修改（6-8处）把错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写上要修改的词。短文改错的考点是：名词，动词，形容词和副词，连词，冠词，代词，介词。考点一：名词Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.havevisitedtheGreatWallforseveraltime.考点：可数名词与不可数名词的误用常考的不可数名词：advice,news,progress,weather,homework,air,fun（快乐）,furniture（家具）,information,work,harm（伤害），traffic（交通），trouble（麻烦）,joy（令人高兴的事），danger（危险），baggage（luggage）‘equipment（仪器），luck（运气），knowledge（知识）,scenery（风景，景色）Therearebranchlibraryinmanyvillages.考点：可数名词单复数的错用。

如何判断为名词的单数还是复数;(1)看谓语动词单复数看名词前的限定词:a/an(可数名词单数)，some,many,various,lotsof/alotof,several及数量词(可数名词复数)3)根据句意、句型及常识。Tomydelighted,Ipasstheexam.考点：词性的转换。用n的情况：(1)nandn,(2)(a/an/the)+adj.+n,(3)介词+n,(4)a/an/the+n,(5)形容词性物主代词+n(6)序数词+nGoodhealthisapersonmostvaluablepossession.考点：名词的格的误用。根据句意，⑵注意形式：’s(单数)s'(复数)相关练习题：Everyyearmanytouristcomeheretoenjoyitsbeautifulsceneryandrichculture.Throughtheprogram,welearnedtouseknowledgegainedinclasstosolveproblem.Nowadayswithmodernlifegoingrapidly,manypeoplesufferfromdifferentkindofdiseases,bothmentallyandphysically.4.I'dliketogiveyousomeadvicesonhowtolearnChinesewell.5.OnarainydayIwaswalkinghomewithoneofmyfriend,atruckcametoastopbesideus.Politewordsareoneoftheexample.7.Ofcourse,it'sstronglyprohibitedtobuyorsellanythingmadeofantelopesfur.8.ShetoldmethatIdidn'tneedtoworryaboutmakingmistakesbecauseIcouldfindoutmyshortcomingsthroughmymistake.9.OfallthebookIhaveread,Chickensoupfortheisomulyfavorite.10.EveryonepraisedAhBaoforhisbraveandkindness.WhenIwasachild,Iihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandleft.通过以上，我们发现动词的考查有两种方式：谓语动词和非谓语动词。AsItellyoulasttime,Imadethreenewfriendshere.相关练习：相关练习：Manyoverpasseshavesetup,soithasbecomeveryconvenientforpeopletotravel.Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.考点：谓语动词会考查时态、语态、主谓一致三个方面。时态一般现在时do/does时态一般现在时do/doessometimes,oftenusually,)一般过去式did(yesterday/lastyear/ago)一般将来时willdo/am,isaregoingtodo/am,isareabouttodo(tomorrow,/nextyear)现在进行时am/is/aredoing过去进行时was/weredoing现在完成时has/havedone(lately/recently/sofar/uptonow/untilnow/inthefewyears/since)过去完成时haddone过去将来时woulddo判断句子的时态：（1）根据时间状语来决定，（2）上下文的时态，（3）从句中时态体一致，（4）根据句意语态主动语态与被动语态的误用（删除be或添加be或改变时态）一般过去时was/weredone现在进行时am/is/arebeingdone现在完成时has/一般过去时was/weredone现在进行时am/is/arebeingdone现在完成时has/havebeendone一般将来时willbedone过去进行时was/werebeingdone过去完成时hadbeendone主谓一致：找准主语和谓语动词，判断两者人称和数是否一致。（1）主谓不一致就近原则：therebe,or,notonlybutalso,neithernor就远原贝9：with,alongwith,aswellas,ratherthan5定语从句中的主谓一致：与先行词保持一致manya+n,morethan+n,each,every谓语用单数janumberof/thenumberof（2）第三人称单数形式的错用：看主语是否为第三人称单数；是否为doing或todo作主语：是否为从句作主语（3）缺少动词，特别是be动词，注意therebe句型Mydreamschoolstartsat8:00amandendsat3:00pm.Theyarethreelessonsinthemorningandtwointheafternoon.Wedidn'tneedtodosomuchhomework.Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment.Tonywasscaredandbeguntocry.Awomansawhimcryingandtellinghimtowaitoutsidetheshop.Inthemornings,itwasfullofstudentsexercising.Theviewfromthebackoftheclassroomisalsosplendid.Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundit.Mymummakesthebestbiscuitsintheworld,soIdecidetoaskherforhelp.Mumtaughtmesomebasicstepsofbaking.Iinsistedondoingmostofthebakingmyself.Then,italsohelptowatchTVandreadbooks.Ifyouareme,wouldyoutalktohim?10.Sincethen---foralltheseyears---wehadbeenallowingtomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.（二）非谓语动词的考查考点：主要考查非谓语动词的判定及形式的选择。回忆：非谓语动词如何判定非谓语动词的形式：todo目的，将来，主动tobedone将来，被动doing进行，主动beingdone进行；被动done完成，被动havingdone完成，主动havingbeendone完成，被动具体考点：1.动名词作主语（动词作主语，通常用doing的形式，注意主谓一致）介词+doing作宾语（常见介词：on,in,at,of,for,about,with,without,after,before等）And连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致（根据语境或语义进行调整）作定语、状语时的主动被动关系（找准逻辑主语）注意：doing和done之间的转化，havingdone和havingbeendone之间的转化todo不定式to的删除与添加（使役动词加不带to的不定式，在被动语态中还原to）固定搭配：跟todo形式的词：decide,learn,want,plan,manage,pretend,offer,promise,agree等跟doing形式的词：avoid,enjoy,mind,imagine,appreciate,lookforwardto,insiston,can'thelp等相关练习：WhenIwasachild,Ispentmorethantenyearslearntheviolin.Hebecamemyfirstguitarteacher.Ittookmesuchalongtimechooseaguitaramongseveralwonderfulmodels.wonthefirstprizeintheEnglishspeechcompetitionholdinourschoollastyear.4.Dressinginallpinkfromheadtotoe,hewassingingasongwhichsoundedlikeakid'ssong.Uponyourarrival，therewillbeapartyforyouorganizingbymyclassmates.Thankyousomuchfornotonlygivingmelife,butalsoteachmehowtobeagoodperson.7.SoonDad'sfriendscametoourrescue,restartourcarwithnewbatteries.Makeaspeechusedtobeabigproblemforme.Droppedthethingshehadboughttotheground,heranawayrapidly.Howdangerousitwas!Havingbeenseenthefilm,everyonewasdeeplymoved.考点三：形容词和副词1.I'mverytiring.■VJi1=1考点：注意v-ed和v-ing形式的形容词的用法■VJi1=1-ed修饰人，-ing修饰物Theglobalwarminghasbecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.Wecanhearbirdssinginghappyallround.考点：词性的误用用adj.的情况：(1)形容词修饰n(2)be+adj.(3)感官动词(feel，taste，sound，smell，look)+adj.联系动词+adj.(keep,stay,remain,become,turn)adjandadj(6)adv.+adj.用adv.的情况：(1)adv修饰v.adj,adv.(2)adv.放在句首或句末并列adv.(4)adv単独使用(however，moreover,besides,otherwise)IlearnedthatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.考点：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级用比较级的情况：(1)比较级+than(2)比较级and比较级(3)否定式+比较级=最高级(4)the+比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓用最高级的情况：(1)the+最高级(2)oneofthe+最高级Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakebreaksregular.Helikeditsoverymuchthathequicklywalkedintotheshop.Momsaid,“Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterribleworried.”Ontheleft-handsideoftheclass,Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.Iinsistedondoingmostofthebakingmyself.Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.Nearlyfiveyearsbefore,withthehelpofmyfather,mysisterandIgrewsomecherrytomatoesinourbackgarden.Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.Inoticedthatthecarriagewasnoiseandfilledwithpeople.考点四：连词Wetriedtofixitandtherewasnothingwecoulddo.Hefoundwherehisparentsweremissing.通过以上可知连词的考查分为并列连词和从属连词。(一)从属连词:定语从句/名词性从句/状语从句(主要考查引导词的选择)(1)定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句，分为限制性和非限制性弓丨导词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as,when,where,why名词性从句：从句在整个句子中充当名词的作用分类：主语从句：从句作主语；it作形式主语宾语从句：跟在vt和介词之后的从句；it作形式宾语表语从句：跟在系动词之后的从句同位语从句：解释说明名词和代词的从句弓丨导词：that，whether/if,what,who,which,whom,whose,when,where,whyhow以及+ever状语从句：常用弓导词：when,while,if,unless,before,after,once,since,for,sothat,incase,aslongas,until,evenif等常考句型：(1)bedoingwhen....(2)beabouttodowhen.....(3)hadjustdonewhennosoonerthan(5)hardly/scarcelywhen\before（二）并列连词：andbutor的相互转化（1）根据句意选择；（2）根据并列连词词组选择notonlybutalsonotbutneithernoreitheroraswellas需要注意：（1）两个连词不能同时使用，如andso.（2）两个句子不能都用连词。（3）只有一个句子时不能用从属连词。（4）although/but不连用，because/so不连用。相关练习：1.Infact,Idon'tliketogoanymore,andI'mafraidI'lllosetheirfriendship.Assoonaswearrived,sowedroppedthelinesintothewater.Itissocoldthatyoucan'tgooutsideiffullycoveredinthickclothes.Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyearssinceyougetanotherone.Actually,theLondonOlympicParkisbuiltwhereverthereusedtobeapoorareacalledEastLondon.Mysuggestionisweshouldhaveadiscussionaboutthismatterinsteadofjustlyingitaside.Wearethinkingaboutwhomcanbeadmittedintoourclub.Thenumberofmemberislimited.8.Shelistensattentivelyandtriestocatcheverythingwhichtheteacherssayinclass.Apassengerrealizedhecouldn'tfindhisticketbutbecamequiteupset.Astimewenton,IrealizedwhatridiculousIhadbeenatthattime.Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect,thatmadealotofpeopleadmireher.Weallconsiderimportantthatchildrenshouldtakeplentyofmilkastheygrow.havethreeforeignteachers,twoofthemarefromCanada.finallyknewthereasonwhatshedidn'ttalktomeandcomfortedher.15.Thoughnotverybig,buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.考点五：冠词RosecomesfromanEuropeancountry.NowIliveinacity,butImissmyhomeincountry.考点：冠词主要考查零冠词，不定冠词和定冠词。名词前不加冠词的情况：（1）不可数名词，复数名词表泛指（2）季节，三餐，球类，时间，星期前不加冠词只用a/an的情况：（1）a/an表示泛指的单数名词时eg.aboy,anapple（2）表示某一个，一个（3）固定搭配如:haveagoodtime3.只用the的情况：（1）表示特指这个或有修饰限定词时（2）指上文已经提到的事物（3）the+序数词+n（4）the+最高级+n（5）the+形容词/姓氏复数表示一类人/一家人（6）the+独一无二的事物（7）动作+sb+介词+the+身体部位takesb.bythearm抓住某人的胳膊（8）固定搭配相关习题：1.That'swonderfulfilm.Iwasaskedtodeliverthespeechbeforethewholeclassattheageof9!I'mlookingforwardtohearingagoodnewsfromyou.SorrythatIhaven'tbeeninthetouchforawhile.Mydaughter,whoisthirteen,isnotaemotionalperson.IstillrememberthedayswhenIwaschild.Inword,makinganybigdecisionalonecanleadtoproblems.NowIhavemadesuchagreatprogressthatIcanspeakEnglishmorefluently.Ofmanywonderfulmemoriesinmysenioryears,myNewYear'spartyof2015ismostunforgettableone.FormomentIfeltashamedbutthenIfeltbetter.考点六：代词Roseissuchakindgirlthatwealllikehimverymuch.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.JustatthatmomentIwokeupandfoundmestillinthebed.WeheardthatMr.WangwouldteachourEnglishthisterm.Wedon'tneedtodosomanyhomework.考点1人称代词r人称前后不一致如；例1Y人称前后单复数不一致，如例2代词的主格宾格及所有格考点2：反身代词：（前边出现人称代词，后边仍需要此人称代词，此时用反身代词）考点3：不定"代^词^^anyt可数名词复数，much+不可数名词Both两者都either两者任何neither两者都不千all三者以上都any三者及以上任何none三者都不another另外一个One.・・・・theother・・・・一个・・・・另一个<it同类同物that同类不同物相关习题：Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.Wemustfindwaystoprotectyourenvironment.Closetoschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundthem.wanttodoanythingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.5.It'sbeenthreeSaturdaysnowanditreallycostsmemany.HowdoyouthinkIshoulddo?Theyaresomuchthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.8.Wedon'tneedtodosomanyhomework.Myunclesimmediatelyjumpedupandshotthearrowsatthebird.Neitherofthearrowshitthetarget.Hehadadeepvoice,whichsethimselfapartfromothersinoursmalltown.考点七：介词Heneverdreambecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.考点：介词在改错中主要考查基本用法和固定搭配。介词破解点：1.与时间，地点，原因，方式搭配。2.vt后多介词enterinto，returnback3.Vi后漏介词4.介词后+ing形式相关练习：1.PeoplearefriendlyatanimalshavedreamedofbeingadoctorsinceIenteredintotheprimaryschool.havetoldmyselfoverandoveragainthatI'llconcentratemoretostudies.YoumayattendtoEnglishclassestofeeladifferentlearningstyle.Thehostfamilywillalsoshowyouoffsomefamousplacesofinterest.Mostpeoplecanquicklygetforhelpfromadoctororgotoahospitalsincetheyareill.7.ItwillmakeyoufamiliartoChinesecharactersandenlargeyourvocabularybeforeyounoticeit.8.OnlysayingpolitewordscanyougetonwellwithothersWhenIfirstgotothere,IfoundithardtouseEnglishproperly.Thegovernmentandthelocalpeopletakepowerfulmeasurestoprotectantelopessothattheywillnotdieinthefuture.短文改错练习：假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（人），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。（一）Howtimeflies!AweekhavepassedbeforeInoticedit.Lookingbackonthethingsthathappeninglastweek，Ifoundthelifeherefullwithhappinessandinterests.Icanstillrememberthefirstdayofthesummercamp.Icametomybedroombymyself.WhenIopenedadoor，Isawagirlwithshorthairseatinginachairwithabookinherhand.Shemustbeaquietgirlwholikedreading，Ithoughtmyselfatthetime.Afterwesaidhellotoeachother，othergirlcameinwithabignoise.HernamewasRose.ShewassooutgoingandhumorthatbothCherryandIcouldn'thelplaughing