考研考博-英语-三亚城市职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-三亚城市职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Whenthefireisoutandthe（）areglowing,it’stimetocallitanight.

问题1选项

A.halos

B.embers

C.ashes

D.fragments

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项halos“光晕，光环，色圈”；B选项embers“余烬，余火”；C选项ashes“骨灰，灰烬”；D选项fragments“碎片，片段；分裂”。句意：当火焰熄灭，（）闪光，是时候收工了。fireisout和embers“余烬，余火”相对应，符合语境。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Thoughseriouslydamagedbyafire,theancientmansionwaseventually（）toitsoriginalsplendor.

问题1选项

A.repaired

B.renewed

C.restored

D.renovated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项repair“修理；补救，纠正”；B选项renew“使更新；续借；续费”；C选项restore“恢复；修复；归还”；D选项renovate“更新；革新；刷新”。句意：尽管被一场火灾严重损坏，但这个古老的宅第最后被恢复到了它原来的壮丽。结合此处语境，C选项正确。

3.单选题

Inschoolexaminationscertainsubjectsareoptional.

问题1选项

A.notdifficult

B.notnecessary

C.nottobechosen

D.notcompulsory

【答案】D

【解析】optional意为“可选择的，随意的”。notcompulsory非强制的，选项D与原句所表达的意思相符。

4.单选题

Inthepast,mostforestershavebeenmen,buttoday,thenumberofwomen（）thisfieldisclimbing.

问题1选项

A.engaging

B.devoting

C.registering

D.pursuing

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。enrolling登记,

招收；dedicating献身,

致力，后面一般接介词to;reclaiming开拓,

开垦；

pursuing从事,

进行。句意：过去，大多数护林员都是男性，但今天，从事这一领域的女性人数正在攀升。选项D符合句意。

5.单选题

Duetosluggishmarketconditions,thefactory'sworkforcehas（）fromover4,000toafewhundred.

问题1选项

A.proclaimed

B.dwindled

C.repressed

D.indulged

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。proclaimed公告；dwindled减少，变小，缩小；repressed抑制，镇压，约束；indulged放任，放纵。句意：由于市场不景气，工厂的工人已从4000多人减少到几百人。选项B符合句意。

6.单选题

Forcenturies,humanshaveharnessedthepowerofbiologicalsystemstoimprovetheirlivesandtheworld.Somearguethatbiotechnologybeganthousandsofyearsago,whencropswerefirstbredforspecifictraitsandmicroorganismswereusedtobrewbeer.Othersdefinethebeginningofbiotechnologyastheemergenceoftechniquesallowingresearcherstopreciselymanipulateandtransfergenesfromoneorganismtoanother.

（1）

GenesaremadeupofDNAandareexpressedintoproteins,whichdochemicalworkandformstructurestogiveusspecifictraits.Inthe1970s,scientistsdiscoveredandusedthepowerofnatural“scissors”—proteinscalledrestrictionenzymes—tospecificallyremoveagenefromonekindoforganismandputitintorelatedorunrelatedorganisms.Thus,recombinantDNAtechnology,orwhatmostexpertsnowlabelasmodembiotechnology,wasbom.

Thepioneersofbiotechnologycouldnothaveenvisionedourcurrentabilitiestoengineerplantstoresistdisease,animalstoproducedrugsintheirmilk,andsmallparticlestotargetanddestroycancercells.（2）Genomicsisbasedonthesetoolsandisthestudyofgenesandtheirfunctions.Wehavedeterminedthecompositionof,or“sequenced”，theentiresetofgenesforhumansandseveralotherorganismsusingbiotechnology.

（3）

Biotechnology,orreallyanytechnology,doesnotexistinavacuum.Itisderivedfromhumaneffortsandaffectedbysocial,cultural,andpoliticalclimates.Societydrivesandregulatestechnology,attemptingtominimizethedownsidesandmaximizethebenefits.

（4）

Recentcontroversiesovertheuseofgeneticallyengineeredorganismsinfoodandagriculturehaveillustratedthatthisboundaryisnotsoclear.Notonlyaretheresafetyconcernsaboutgeneticallyengineeredorganisms,buttherearealsoculturaldifferencesinacceptanceoftheproducts.

Internationalcontextsfortechnologiesareimportantandshouldbeconsidered.（5）

Ontheotherhand,therearesocialsystemsthatareaffectedbynewtechnologiesandfearsofcreatinggreaterdividesbetweenrichandpooriftechnologyisnotaccessibletoallsectorsofsociety.

问题1选项

A.Thediscoveryofthestructureofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)inthe1950smarksthestartofthisera.

B.Manynaturalandphysicalscientistswouldpreferthattheseparationbetweensocialandethicalconcernsandscienceandtechnologybewelldefined.

C.Genomicinformationishelpingusbettertoevaluatethecommonalitiesanddiversityamongorganismsandhumanbeingsandtounderstandandcuredisease,eventailoringtreatmentstoindividuals.

D.Thereareclearindicationsthatbiotechnologycanbenefitthepoorandhungryoftheworldwithoutharmingtheenvironment.

E.Biotechnologyisnotapanaceaforglobalproblems,butitisatoolthatholdsagreatdealofpromiseifusedappropriately.

F.However,biotechnologyismorethanengineering—itisalsoasetoftoolsforunderstandingbiologicalsystems.

问题2选项

A.Thediscoveryofthestructureofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)inthe1950smarksthestartofthisera.

B.Manynaturalandphysicalscientistswouldpreferthattheseparationbetweensocialandethicalconcernsandscienceandtechnologybewelldefined.

C.Genomicinformationishelpingusbettertoevaluatethecommonalitiesanddiversityamongorganismsandhumanbeingsandtounderstandandcuredisease,eventailoringtreatmentstoindividuals.

D.Thereareclearindicationsthatbiotechnologycanbenefitthepoorandhungryoftheworldwithoutharmingtheenvironment.

E.Biotechnologyisnotapanaceaforglobalproblems,butitisatoolthatholdsagreatdealofpromiseifusedappropriately.

F.However,biotechnologyismorethanengineering—itisalsoasetoftoolsforunderstandingbiologicalsystems.

问题3选项

A.Thediscoveryofthestructureofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)inthe1950smarksthestartofthisera.

B.Manynaturalandphysicalscientistswouldpreferthattheseparationbetweensocialandethicalconcernsandscienceandtechnologybewelldefined.

C.Genomicinformationishelpingusbettertoevaluatethecommonalitiesanddiversityamongorganismsandhumanbeingsandtounderstandandcuredisease,eventailoringtreatmentstoindividuals.

D.Thereareclearindicationsthatbiotechnologycanbenefitthepoorandhungryoftheworldwithoutharmingtheenvironment.

E.Biotechnologyisnotapanaceaforglobalproblems,butitisatoolthatholdsagreatdealofpromiseifusedappropriately.

F.However,biotechnologyismorethanengineering—itisalsoasetoftoolsforunderstandingbiologicalsystems.

问题4选项

A.Thediscoveryofthestructureofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)inthe1950smarksthestartofthisera.

B.Manynaturalandphysicalscientistswouldpreferthattheseparationbetweensocialandethicalconcernsandscienceandtechnologybewelldefined.

C.Genomicinformationishelpingusbettertoevaluatethecommonalitiesanddiversityamongorganismsandhumanbeingsandtounderstandandcuredisease,eventailoringtreatmentstoindividuals.

D.Thereareclearindicationsthatbiotechnologycanbenefitthepoorandhungryoftheworldwithoutharmingtheenvironment.

E.Biotechnologyisnotapanaceaforglobalproblems,butitisatoolthatholdsagreatdealofpromiseifusedappropriately.

F.However,biotechnologyismorethanengineering—itisalsoasetoftoolsforunderstandingbiologicalsystems.

问题5选项

A.Thediscoveryofthestructureofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)inthe1950smarksthestartofthisera.

B.Manynaturalandphysicalscientistswouldpreferthattheseparationbetweensocialandethicalconcernsandscienceandtechnologybewelldefined.

C.Genomicinformationishelpingusbettertoevaluatethecommonalitiesanddiversityamongorganismsandhumanbeingsandtounderstandandcuredisease,eventailoringtreatmentstoindividuals.

D.Thereareclearindicationsthatbiotechnologycanbenefitthepoorandhungryoftheworldwithoutharmingtheenvironment.

E.Biotechnologyisnotapanaceaforglobalproblems,butitisatoolthatholdsagreatdealofpromiseifusedappropriately.

F.However,biotechnologyismorethanengineering—itisalsoasetoftoolsforunderstandingbiologicalsystems.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:F

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:E

【解析】1.联系上下文。根据“Forcenturies,humanshaveharnessedthepowerofbiologicalsystemstoimprovetheirlivesandtheworld.”“Inthe1970s...”可知本段是以生物技术的起源为引子，以时间为线索简要地介绍人类发展和研究基因的过程。A选项含有时间节点1950s，且提及thediscoveryofthestructureofDNA,符合第一段的话题。

2.联系上下文。空格后一句中“thesetools”。指示代词these,表明要选择的内容里应该包括“tools”这一单词。选项F含有单词“tools”，且选项中提及的engineering在上句中也提及了，前后文内容衔接。

3.联系上下文。空格所在句的上文提及基因组(genomic),并提及其目前已取得的进步。空格处句子的内容应与基因组相关，选项中提及基因组的选项为C。

4.联系上下文。空格后一句中含有“thisboundary”，说明空格的句子中应包含“boundary”这一单词。选项B中的“separation”与“boundary”同义。

5.联系上下文。空格后一句中提及的“ontheotherhand”，说明前后两句间存在一种转折关系。因此，空格处句子应说明积极方面。选项E涉及其积极方面，且承接前后文。

7.单选题

Studentswith（）problemsmayapplyforstudentloans.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.financial

C.nabobery

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济上的”。B选项financial“财政的”。C选项nabobery“财主常去的地方”。D选项economical“节约的，合算的”。句意：有财务问题的学生可以申请学生贷款。因此B选项符合题意。

8.单选题

JamesJoycewasanIrishnovelistwhorevolutionizedthemethodsofdepictingcharactersanddevelopingaplotinmodernfiction.Hisastonishingwayof（1）anovel,hisfrankportrayalofhuman

（2）

inhisbooks,andhiscompletecommandofEnglishhave

（3）

himoneoftheoutstandinginfluencesonliteratureinthe20thcentury.Many

（4）

judgethatheissecondonlytoShakespeareinhis

（5）

oftheEnglishlanguage.JoycewasdeeplyinfluencedbyIrelandand

（6）

allhisbooksaboutDublin.

WhenhewasinDublinCollege,he

（7）

languagesandspenthissparetimereadingbooks.He

（8）

totakepartinthenationalist

（9）

likehisfellowstudents,buthebecame

（10）

interestedinliterature.Hewroteoutspoken

（11）

ofliterarycriticismthatshockedhisteachersandeventaughthimselfNorwegiansothathecouldreadIbsen’sworksinthe

（12）.

Whenhegraduatedin1902,he

（13）

hewouldbecomeawriterandan

（14）

,becausehefelthecouldnotbeone

（15）

theother.Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting

（16）

,fully,andasobjectivelyasheknewhow,

（17）

thepeopleandplacesheknewbest,hehadtoescapefromall

（18）

tobecomeinvolvedinpopular

（19）

orpubliclife.HewenttoFrance,ItalyandSwitzerland,wherehelivedin

（20）

andobscurityforthefirst20years,onlyreturningtoIrelandwhenhismotherwasdying.Exceptforacoupleofbrieftrips,hestayedabroadallhislife.

问题1选项

A.investigating

B.constructing

C.depicting

D.experiencing

问题2选项

A.nature

B.method

C.surrounding

D.figure

问题3选项

A.performed

B.magnified

C.exaggerated

D.made

问题4选项

A.wearing

B.worn

C.critics

D.takingoff

问题5选项

A.mastery

B.acquisition

C.familiarity

D.acquaintance

问题6选项

A.unscripted

B.illuminated

C.documented

D.wrote

问题7选项

A.attempted

B.persuaded

C.studied

D.undertook

问题8选项

A.accepted

B.refused

C.persevered

D.admitted

问题9选项

A.movement

B.revolution

C.campaign

D.challenge

问题10选项

A.passionately

B.addicted

C.fascinated

D.unconcerned

问题11选项

A.journals

B.articles

C.argumentations

D.paintings

问题12选项

A.primary

B.artificial

C.rendered

D.original

问题13选项

A.sensed

B.knew

C.presented

D.suggested

问题14选项

A.exile

B.imprisonment

C.obtrude

D.expire

问题15选项

A.without

B.withstand

C.withdraw

D.withhold

问题16选项

A.mutably

B.truthfully

C.ephemerally

D.filially

问题17选项

A.about

B.hither

C.within

D.beneath

问题18选项

A.tabernacles

B.reiteration

C.temptations

D.reimbursement

问题19选项

A.recognition

B.publication

C.impact

D.opinion

问题20选项

A.tranquility

B.poverty

C.exhilaration

D.matriculation

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:A

第11题:B

第12题:D

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:A

第16题:B

第17题:A

第18题:C

第19题:D

第20题:B

【解析】（1）考查动词词义辨析。investigate“调查；研究”；construct“建造，创立”；depict“描述”；experience“经验；体验”。由anIrishnovelist与anovel可知B项符合语义。答案B。

（2）考查名词词义辨析。nature“性质”；method“方法”；surrounding“环境”；figure“数字”。由portrayal及human可知这里指代人物本性。答案A。

（3）考查动词词义辨析。perform“执行”；magnify“放大”；exaggerate“使扩大；使增大”；make“制造；形成”。由himoneoftheoutstandinginfluencesonliterature可知答案为D。

（4）考查动词及名词词义辨析。wearing“穿着”；worn“疲倦的；用旧的”；critics“评论家；吹毛求疵的人”；takingoff“测量；减退”。由judge可知C项符合题意，答案C。

（5）考查名词词义辨析。mastery“掌握”；acquisition“获得”；familiarity“熟悉”；acquaintance“熟人；知道”。由Shakespeare及theEnglishlanguage知A项正确，答案A。

（6）考查动词词义辨析。unscripted“不用稿子的”；illuminate“阐明；照亮”；document“用文件证明”；

write“书写；写信给”。由allhisbooksaboutDublin可知D项正确，答案D。

（7）考查动词词义辨析。attempt“企图，尝试”；persuade“说服；劝说”；study“学习；细察”；undertake“承担；从事”。由“inDublinCollege及“languages可知C项正确。答案C。

（8）考查动词词义辨析。accept“接受；容纳”；refuse“拒绝；抵制”；persevere“坚持；不屈不挠”；admit“承认；准许进入”。由“but”可知这里指代“拒绝参加”。答案B。

（9）考查固定搭配。movement“运动；运转”；revolution“革命；运行”；campaign“运动”；challenge“挑战；怀疑”。由历史常识“爱尔兰有反对英国统治的民族主义运动历史”及固定搭配nationalistmovement知A项符合题意。答案A。

（10）考查副词及形容词词义辨析。passionately“热情地；激昂地”；addicted“沉溺于”；fascinated“着迷的”；unconcerned“不关心的；无忧虑的”。interestedinliterature中interested为形容词，需用一个副词来修饰interested,A项符合题意。答案A。

（11）考查名词词义辨析。journal“日报，日记”；article“文章；条款”；argumentation“论证；辩论”；painting“绘画”。由wrote及ofliteraiycriticism可知B项符合题意。答案B。

（12）考查形容词词义辨析。primary“主要的；基本的”；artificial“仿造的”；rendered“已渲染的”；original“原始的；新颖的”。由eventaughthimselfNorwegian及“readIbsen’sworks可知这里指代“阅读易卜生用挪威语写的原著”，故答案D。

（13）考查动词词义辨析。sense感觉到；know“知道”；present“提出；呈现；赠送”；suggest“提议；暗示”。由hewouldbecomeawriter及becausehefelt可知B项符合题意，答案B。

（14）考查动词及名词词义辨析。exile“流放，离乡背井者”；imprisonment“监禁；坐牢”；obtrude“逼使；强迫”；expire“呼出（气体），排出”。由awriter可知这里应填名词，由此排除C项与D项；再由最后一段中“...hestayedabroadallhislife它一生待在国外”知“离乡背井者”符合，故答案A。

（15）考查介词及动词词义辨析。without“没有”；withstand“抵挡；反抗”；withdraw“撤退；撤销”；withhold“保留;抑制”。由空格前“hewouldbecomeawriterandan...”、“one”与“theother”分别指代一种身份知空格处应填一个表示“没有”意思的介词，故本题答案选项为A。

（16）考查副词词义辨析。mutably“无常地”；truthfully“诚实地”；ephemerally“短暂地”；filially“孝顺地”。由Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting及fully、asobjectivelyasheknewhow可知“诚实地”符合题意，答案B。

（17）考查介词和副词词义辨析。about关于；大约”；hither“到这里；在这里”；within“在······之内”;beneath“在······之下”。由Inordertopreservehisidealofwriting知本题答案为A。

（18）考查名词词义辨析。tabernacle“临时房屋；神龛”；reiteration“重复；重说”；temptation“引诱；诱惑物”；reimbursement“退还；赔偿”。由becomeinvolvedinpopular（

）orpubliclife可知本题答案C。

（19）考查名词词义辨析。recognition“承认，认出；公认”；publication“出版；出版物”；impact“影响”；opinion“意见，观点”。由orpubliclife可知D项正确，答案D。

（20）考查名词词义辨析。tranquility“宁静；平静”；poverty“贫穷；困难”；exhilaration“兴奋；欢欣”；matriculation“入学考试；录取入学”。由obscurity可知本题答案为B。

9.单选题

TradersareshuttingdownoperationsinIvoryCoast,inaccordancewithcallsbythecountry’sinternationallyrecognizedpresident-electtoputpressureonGbagbo,the（）whohasrefusedtostepdown.

问题1选项

A.inception

B.incursion

C.insurgency

D.incumbent

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。inception“起初，获得学位”；incursion“入侵，侵犯”；insurgency

“暴动”；incumbent“在职者，现任者”。句意：贸易商正在关闭象牙海岸的业务为了符合国家要求，进行国际认证的总统选举，给巴博施加压力，巴博是拒绝退位下台的现任者。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Inordertorepairbarns,buildfence,growcropandcareforanimals,afarmermustindeedbe______.

问题1选项

A.restless

B.ceaseless

C.available

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。restless“焦躁不安的”；ceaseless“不断的”；available“可获得的”；versatile“多才多艺的”。句意：为了修复谷仓，建造栅栏，种植作物和照顾动物，农民需要学会各种技能。选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Thesecretarywasharshly（）byherbossformisplacingsomeimportantfiles.

问题1选项

A.rebuked

B.teased

C.washed

D.accused

【答案】A

【解析】本题是动词辨析题。rebuked“指责”；teased“取笑，戏弄”；washed“洗涤”；accused“控告”，根据for后面的内容“误放了重要文件”，可知这位秘书会被老板责备，此处应该使用动词rebuke的过去分词rebuked，故正确答案为选项A。句意为：这位秘书因为误放了重要文件而被老板严厉指责了。

12.填空题

Johnhasagreatvoice,butwiththatcoldhewon't（

）verygoodifhetriestosing.

【答案】

sound

【解析】语法分析。考查系动词。hewon’tverygood是个主系表结构，空白处应填入一个系动词,此处填sound合适。

13.单选题

Nowthecheersandapplause（

）inasinglesustainedroar.

问题1选项

A.mingled

B.tangled

C.baffled

D.huddled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项mingle“混合；交往”；B选项tangle“使……缠结在一起；打架”；C选项baffle“使……困惑；使……受挫折”；D选项huddle“挤在一起；蜷缩；靠拢”。句意：现在欢呼声和掌声……在一个持续的呼喊中。综合句意与选项可知，此处表示“欢呼声与掌声混合”，A选项符合题意。

14.翻译题

Myfatherwasamiddle-classblack.Thoughhewasbornpoor,heachievedmiddle-classstandingthroughmuchhardworkandsacrifice（oneofhisfavoritewords）andbyidentifyingfullywithsolidmiddle-classvalues—mainlyhardwork,familylife,propertyownership,andeducationforhischildren（allfourofwhomhaveadvanceddegrees）.Inhismindthesewerenotsomuchvaluesaslawsofnature.Peoplewhoembodiedthemmadeupthepositiveimagesinhisclassidentification.Thenegativeimagescamelargelyfromtheblackshehadleftbehindbecausetheywere"goingnowhere.”

WhetherIliveuptothesevaluesornot,Iknowthatmyacceptanceofthemistheresultoflifelongconditioning.IknowalsothatIsharethisconditioningwithmiddle-classpeopleofallracesandthatIcannomoreeasilybefreeofitthanIcanbefreeofmyrace.Forthemiddle-classblack,conditionedbythesevaluesfrombirth,thesenseofmeaningtheyprovideisasimmutableasthecolorofhisskin.

Ithasalwaysannoyedmetohearfromthemouthsofcertainarbitersofblacknessthatmiddle-classblacksshould"reachback”andpullupthoseblackslessfortunatethanthey—asthoughmiddle-classstatuswereanunearnedandessentiallypassiveconditioninwhichoneneededalargemeasureofnoblesseobligetooccupyone’stime.Myownimageisofreachingbackfromamovingtraintoliftonboardthosewhohavenotickets.This,Ithink,issomethingmembersoftheblackmiddleclasscanrealisticallyoffertootherblacks.Buttheycannotleadbyexampleuntiltheyarereleasedfromablackidentitythatregardsthatexampleassuspect,thatseesthemas“marginally”black,indeedthatholdsthembackbycatchingtheminadoublebind.

【答案】【参考译文】

我父亲是一个中产阶级黑人。虽然出身贫寒，但他通过努力工作和牺牲（他最喜欢的词），以及通过充分认同的坚实的中产阶级价值观——主要是努力工作、（重视）家庭生活、（拥有）财产所有权以及（注重）孩子的教育（四个孩子都有高等学位），从而实现了中产阶级的地位。在他看来，这些与其说是价值观，不如说是自然法则。那些拥有这些价值观念的人在他的阶级认同中树立了积极的形象。负面形象主要来自于被父亲抛在身后的黑人，因为他们“一事无成”。

不管我是否实践了这些价值观，我知道我对它们的接受是终身熏陶的结果。我也知道，我与所有种族的中产阶级都受同样的熏陶，我不能轻易摆脱它，就像我不能轻易摆脱我的种族一样。对于中产阶级黑人来说，从出生起就受到这些价值观的制约，它们所提供的意义就像他的肤色一样不可改变。

经常让我恼火的是，总是从某些黑人仲裁者口中听到黑人中产阶级应该“返回去”,并且让那些不如他们幸运的黑人也振作起来。——好像中产阶级地位是不劳而获的，并且基本上是被动的条件，在这种条件下一个人需要很大程度上的贵族品德来占用个人的时间。我自己的形象就是从一辆行驶的火车返回，让那些没有车票的人登上火车。我认为，这是黑人中产阶级成员可以实际提供给其他黑人的东西。但是他们无法自身作则，直到他们从黑人身份中解放出来，这种身份把榜样视为可疑分子，把他们视为“勉强”的黑人，事实上，这个身份把他们拖了回来，使他们陷入双重困境。

15.单选题

AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudentsandfacultyto（）togetherinresearchactivities.

问题1选项

A.specialize

B.participate

C.consist

D.involve

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。specialize“使专门化”；participate“参与”；consist“由…组成”;involve“包含，牵涉”。句意：麻省理工学院教育的一个特色是学生和老师都有机会一起参与研究活动。B项符合题意，故答案B。

16.单选题

Hewasregardedasagreat（

）tothecommittee.

问题1选项

A.asset

B.profit

C.prosperity

D.interest

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。asset“财产，资产，有价值的人或物”；profit“利润”；prosperity“繁荣，成功”；interest“兴趣，爱好”。句意：他被视为委员会的重要人物。句中主语是he，故A项符合题意。

17.单选题

Afterreadingthesebooks,hewas______totheDarwiniantheoryofevolution.

问题1选项

A.changed

B.converted

C.transferred

D.adjusted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项change“改变、变化”；B项convert“使转变”；C项transfer“转移、调动”；D项adjust“调整、使适应”；beconvertedto转变为、皈依；句意：读了这些书之后，他皈依了达尔文的进化论。因此该题B项正确。

18.不定项选择题

Afewyearsagoayoungmotherwatchedherhusbanddiaper（给……换尿布）theirfirstbornson,“Youdonothavetobeunhappyaboutit,”sheprotested.“Youcantalktohimandsmilealittle.”Thefather,whohappenedtobeapsychologist,answeredfirmly,“Hehasnothingtosaytome,andIhavenothingtosaytohim.”

Psychologistnowknowhowwrongthatfatherwas.Fromthemomentofbirth,ababyhasagreatdealtosaytohisparents,andtheytohim.Butadecadeorsoago,theseexpertsweredescribingthenewbornasaprimitivecreaturewhoreactedonlybyreflex,ahelplessvictimofitsenvironmentwithoutcapacitytoinfluenceit.Andmothersacceptedthetruth.Mostthought(andsomestilldo)thatanewinfantcouldseeonlyblurry（模糊的）shadows,thathisothersenseswereundeveloped,andthatallherequiredwasnourishment,cleandiapers,andawarmbassinet.

Todayuniversitylaboratoriesacrossthecountryarestudyingnewbornsintheirfirstmonthoflife.Asaresult,psychologistsnowdescribethenewbabyasperceptive,withremarkablelearningabilitiesandanevenmoreremarkablecapacitytoshapehisorherenvironmentincludingtheattitudesandactionsofhisparents.Someresearchersbelievethattheneonatalperiodmayevenbethemostsignificantfourweeksinanentirelifetime.

Farfrombeinghelpless,thenewbornknowswhathelikesandrejectswhathedoesn’t.Heshutoutunpleasantsensationsbyclosinghiseyesoravertinghisface.Heisagluttonfornovelty.Heprefersanimatethingsoverinanimateandlikespeoplemorethananything.

Whenamorenineminutesout,aninfantprefersahumanfacetoahead-shapedoutline.Hemakesthechoicedespitethefactthat,withdeliveryroomattendantsmaskedandgowned,hehasneverseenahumanfacebefore.Bythetimehe’stwelvehoursold,hisentirebodymovesinprecisesynchronic（同时发生）tothesoundofahumanvoice,asifheweredancing.Anon-humansound,suchasatappingnoise,bringsnosuchresponse.

1.Theauthorpointsoutthatthefatherdiaperinghisfirst-bornsonwaswrongbecause（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

3.Whatdoesthesentence“Heisagluttonfornovelty”probablymean?

4.Accordingtothepassage,it’sgroundlesstothinkthatnewbornsprefer（）.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlydiscussingabout?

问题1选项

A.hebelievedthebabywasnotabletohearhim

B.hethoughtthebabydidn’thavethepowerofspeech

C.hewasapsychologistunworthyofhisprofession

D.hethoughtthebabywasnotcapableofanyresponse

问题2选项

A.Anewinfantcanseeonlyblurryshadows.

B.Anewinfant’ssensesareundeveloped.

C.Allanewinfantrequiresisnourishment,cleandiapers,andawarmbassinet.

D.Anewinfantisactuallyabletoinfluencehisorherenvironment.

问题3选项

A.Thenewbornisgreedyfornewfood.

B.Thenewborntendstoovereat.

C.Thenewbornalwayslovesthingsthatarenewtohim.

D.Thenewborn’sappetiteisaconstanttopicinnovels.

问题4选项

A.ahumanfacetoahead-shapedoutline

B.animatethingstoinanimateones

C.humanvoicetonon-humansounds

D.nourishmenttoawarmbassinet

问题5选项

A.Whatpeopleknowaboutnewborns.

B.Howwrongparentsarewhentheyhandletheirbabies.

C.Howmuchnewbornshaveprogressedinaboutadecade’stime.

D.Whythefirstmonthoflifeisthemostsignificantfourweeksinalifetime.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。联系上下文可知这位父亲是个心理学家，而大约十年前，心理学家认为新生儿只是aprimitivecreaturewhoreactedonlybyreflex,ahelplessvictimofitsenvironmentwithoutcapacitytoinfluenceit（一种仅凭反射做出反应的原始生物，是无力影响其生存环境的无助受害者），而如今他们已经认识到了这种观点是错误的，结合这位父亲的话“他没什么对我说的”可知他当时也是坚持这种错误观点，因此D选项“他认为婴儿没有能力做出任何回应”符合题意。

第2题:事实细节题。由第三段第二句中的psychologistsnowdescribethenewbabyasperceptive,withremarkablelearningabilitiesandanevenmoreremarkablecapacitytoshapehisorherenvironmentincludingtheattitudesandactionsofhisparents（心理学家现在把新生婴儿的形象描述为有洞察力，有非凡的学习能力，甚至有卓越的塑造其生活环境的能力，包括他父母的态度和行为）可知D选项“一个新生婴儿实际上能够影响其生活环境”符合题意。

第3题:语义推测题。由下文Heprefersanimatethingsoverinanimateandlikespeoplemorethananything（他喜欢有生命的东西胜过无生命的东西，喜欢人胜过一切）可推测Heisagluttonfornovelty表达的并非仅仅与“吃”有关，而是新生儿对新鲜事物的浓厚兴趣，因此C选项“新生儿总是喜欢新鲜的事物”符合题意。

第4题:事实细节题。需注意题干中的groundless（无理由的），因此要找出不符合文意的选项。由第四段最后一句Heprefersanimatethingsoverinanimateandlikespeoplemorethananything（他喜欢有生命的东西胜过无生命的东西，喜欢人胜过一切）可排除B选项；由第五段第一句中的aninfantprefersahumanfacetoahead-shapedoutline（婴儿更喜欢人的脸，而不是头型的轮廓）可排除A选项；由第五段第三句中的hisentirebodymovesinprecisesynchronictothesoundofahumanvoice,asifheweredancing（他的整个身体精确地随着人类的声音同步移动，就好像他在跳舞）和第四句Anon-humansound,suchasatappingnoise,bringsnosuchresponse（而非人类的声音，比如敲打声，则不会产生这种反应）可推断出婴儿更喜欢人类的声音，因此C选项可以排除，所以D选项为正确答案。

第5题:主旨大意题。本文介绍了过去心理学家对婴儿的错误认识，以及现在的正确认识，因此A选项“人们对新生儿的了解”符合题意。

19.单选题

Sheaskedhimwhathethoughtofher______dress.

问题1选项

A.greenprettylittle

B.littlegreenpretty

C.prettylittlegreen

D.prettygreenlittle

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词的顺序问题。出现多个形容词修饰一个名词，顺序是：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。按此规律，pretty属于限定词，little是描述大小，green描述颜色，故C项正确。句意：她问他这件漂亮的绿色小连衣裙怎么样。故正确答案为C。

20.单选题

Theexactcauseofthekillingdiseasewasnotknownuntilacountrydoctordiscoveredit（）.

问题1选项

A.bytheway

B.byandlarge

C.byallmeans

D.byaccident

【答案】D

【解析】bytheway顺便说说；byandlarge大体上,总的来说；byallmeans一定,务必；byaccident偶然,意外地。句意：直到一位乡村医生偶然发现了这种致命疾病,人们才知道它的确切病因。选项D符合句意。

21.单选题

Envyhasbecomeadrivewheelofourmodernworld.Itisthepassionthatgovernsoureconomiclife.Moderncapitalismreliesonitsabilitytocreateandincreasescarcityanditthereforedependslargelyontheomnipresenceofenvy.Inaffluentsocietiestheavailabilityofmaterialgoodsincreasesthedemandforpositionalgoodsbasedonsocialscarcity.Mostoftenitis“envy，emulation,orpride”creatingthiskindofscarcity,inwhichsatisfactionisderivedfromrelativepositionalone,beinginfront,orfrombeingbehind.”Aslongaspeopledesirewhatothersdesirescarcitywillbethenever-endingconditionofourlivesthatkeepsoureconomyrunning.Throughenvynearlyanyobjectcanturnintoadesirablecommoditypromisingunendinghappiness.

Modernadvertisingisthebestexampletoillustratetheimportanceofenvytokeepoureconomygoing.Advertisingusesenvytomakecommoditiesdesirable.Posters,announcementsandTV-spotsshowusenviablepeoplewhohavethosethingsandgoodswelackbutnonethelessneedtogainhappiness.Advertisementsellsproductswiththehelpofenviouscontagion.Mostofthetimeenvyitselfremainshiddenandisnotdirectlymentionedincommercials.Buteventhismaynolongerbetrue.Envyseemstoloseitstraditionalbadreputation.Moreandmorecommercialsdirectlyrefertoenvytomaketheircommoditiesmoredesirable.Themostwell-knownexampleofanopenreferencetoenvyisaperfumeproducedbytheItaliancompanyGucciwiththebrandname“Envy”promisingthatyouwillnotonlybeenviedforsomeexternalobjectthatbelongstoyoubutforyourveryself-embodiedinaseductivefragrance.

Thoseofyoufamiliarwithtraditionaldefinitionsofenvyandemulationmay,however,questionmythesisthatourmoderneconomyisdrivenbyenvy.Isitreallyenvythatgovernsoureconomyorwouldnotemulationbeamoreappropriateandlessmoralizingterm?Thereisaneasyanswertothisquestion.Inparallelwiththeemergenceofourmodernworldandtheriseofcapitalismthetraditionaldistinctionbetweenbadenvyandgoodemulationhasslowlylostitsmeaning.WhereImmanuelKant,forinstance,referstothepassionsnatureusestoturnasheepish,idleandinactiveArcadiaintoaprosperousculturehereferstoan“enviouslycompetitivevanity”thatnolongerallowsaneatdistinctionbetweenenvyandemulationbutmentionsaformofhumandesirecomprisingbothth