考研考博-英语-东北农业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东北农业大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

TheTimberrattlesnakeisnowontheendangeredspecieslist,andisextinctintwoeasternstatesinwhichitonce________.

问题1选项

A.thrived

B.swelled

C.prospered

D.flourished

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“兴盛，繁荣”；B选项“肿胀”；C选项“繁荣，昌盛”；D选项“繁荣，茂盛”。句意：木材响尾蛇现在已被列入濒危物种名单，并且已经在东部两个州灭绝了，而这两个州曾经有（）这个物种。根据句意这里应该填繁盛。thrive指物（包括动物和植物）的繁殖兴盛；而prosper指的是经济或国力方面的繁荣；flourish指植物生长茂盛。根据词义辨析这里要选A。

2.单选题

12.

问题1选项

A.Hisbackache.

B.Hisbrokenleg.

C.Hisskinproblem.

D.Hiseyecondition.

【答案】C

【解析】W:What’stheproblem?

M:Ihavehadanitchyrashonmybody,andarmsandlegsforthelasttwomonths.

W:Canyoudescribeit?

M:It’spinkwiththrustovalspots.

Q:Whathasbroughtthemanhere?

【解析】细节题。对话中男士说：I’vehadanitchingrashonmybody,andarmsandlegs(我身上、胳膊上和腿上起了很痒的皮疹)。

3.翻译题

Pollutionisaproblembecausemaninanincreasinglypopulatedandindustrializedworldisupsettingtheenvironmentinwhichhelives.Manyscientistsmaintainthatoneofman’sgreatesterrorshasbeentoequategrowthwithadvancement.Now“growth”industriesarebeinglookedonwithsuspicionincasetheirsideeffectsdamagetheenvironmentanddisrupttherelationshipofdifferentformsoflife.Thegrowingpopulationmakesincreasingdemandsontheworld’sfixedsupplyofairwaterandland.Thisriseinpopulationisaccompaniedbythedesireofmoreandmorepeopleforabetterstandardofliving,inaneverincreasingamountofwastematerialtobedisposedof.Theproblemhasbeencausingincreasingconcerntolivingthingsandtheirenvironment.Manybelievethatmanisnotsolvingtheseproblemsquicklyenoughandthathisselfishpursuitofpossessionstakeshimpastthepointofnoreturnbeforehefullyrealizesthedamage.

【答案】污染是一个问题，因为在一个人口日益增长和工业化的世界里，人类正在破坏他所生活的环境。许多科学家坚持认为人类最大的错误之一就是把发展与进步等同起来。现在人们对成长型产业持怀疑态度，担心它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏不同生命形式之间的关系。不断增长的人口对世界上固定的空气、水和土地的供应提出了越来越高的要求。随着人口的增长，越来越多的人要求更高的生活水平，他们需要处理越来越多的垃圾。这一问题已引起人们对生物及其环境的日益关注。许多人认为，人类没有足够快地解决这些问题，他对财产的自私追求使他在完全意识到损害之前就已经到了不可挽回的地步。

4.单选题

.AnyDemocraticpresidentwilltryto_______theUnitedStatesfromthemessinIraq,yetallwouldfacerigidconstraints.

问题1选项

A.knockout

B.distinguish

C.overture

D.extricate

【答案】D

【解析】knockout击倒;distinguish区别,辨别;overture作动词意为建议;extricate使摆脱,解救。句意：任何一位民主党总统都将试图把美国从伊拉克的混乱中解救出来,但所有人都将面临严格的约束。选项D符合句意。

5.单选题

Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathlete,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolcouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyoffailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgehasdrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinmategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

41.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

42.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof___.

43.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare___.

44.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably___.

45.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?

问题1选项

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

问题2选项

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

问题3选项

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

问题4选项

A.apioneerofeducationreform

B.anopponentofintellectualism

C.ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.anadvocateofregularschooling

问题5选项

A.Itissecondtointelligence.

B.Itevolvesfromcommonsense.

C.Itistobepursued.

D.Itunderliespower.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】41.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Ourheroesareathlete,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（我们的英雄是运动员、艺人和企业家，而不是学者。甚至我们的学校也是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是为了知识而追求知识）可知父母会希望孩子们在学校接受实用教育，选C选项“未来职业的实践能力”，同时可知D选项“对知识追求的信心”错误；A选项“独立思考的习惯”，B选项“对世界的深刻了解”未提及。因此C选项正确。

42.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到原文第四段“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.（历史学家兼教授理查德•霍夫施塔特在《美国生活中的反智主义》一书中写道：“知识分子被视为一种权力或特权而遭人憎恨。”这本曾获普利策奖的书探讨了美国政治、宗教和教育中的反智主义的根源）可推测出历史上美国人有反智主义，选A选项“低估智力”，同时可知B选项“倾向于理智主义”错误；C选项“支持学校改革”未提及；D选项“抑制天生的智力”属于过度推测。因此A选项正确。

43.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段RichardHofstadter的观点，Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.（实用性、常识和天生的智慧被认为是比你从书本中学到的任何东西都更高贵的品质）可以推测反智主义的教育体现为“读书无用论”；根据第二段“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.（教育作家DianeRavitch说：“学校一直处于一个实践比知识更重要的社会中。”）Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyoffailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.（Ravitch的新书《落后：一个世纪的失败学校改革》追溯了学校中反智主义的根源，书中的结论是：美国学校绝没有对美国人厌恶才学进行抵制）可以推测出Ravitch并不属于反智主义，她不认为读书无用，而是觉得“Schoolcouldbeacounterbalance.”（学校可以成为一种平衡）；根据第五段RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren（爱默生和其他一些超自然主义哲学家认为学校教育和高强度的书本学习会使孩子受到不自然的限制）可以判断出Emerson支持读书无用论，即为反智主义。由此可知他俩的观点相反；A选项“相同”；B选项“相似”；C选项“互补”；D选项“相反”，其余三项和原文表达的观点不符，因此D选项正确。

44.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren（爱默生和其他一些超自然主义哲学家认为学校教育和高强度的书本学习会使孩子受到不自然的限制）可以判断出Emerson支持读书无用论，即为反智主义，选B选项“理性主义的反对者”，同时可知C选项“一个支持智力的学者”错误；A选项“教育改革的先驱”和D选项“常规学校教育的倡导者”和原文无关。因此B选项正确。

45.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段第三句Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（甚至我们的学校也是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方——而不是为了知识而追求知识）可以推断出作者认为学校只是送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是去为了知识而追求它的地方，侧面表达了作者认为知识是应该需要去追求的，结合倒数第二段Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.（根据霍夫施塔特的说法，才学不同于天生的智力，天生的智力是一种我们勉强欣赏的品质。才学是头脑中批判、创造和沉思的一面。智力寻求掌握、操纵、重新安排和调整，而才学则检查、思考、创造奇迹、推理、批评和想象。）可知作者认为智力是天生的，但是才学是可以通过检查、思考、创造奇迹、推理、批评和想象这一系列所追求到，并没有提到才学仅次于智力，选C选项“它需要被追求”，同时可知A选项“它仅次于智力”错误；B选项“它从常识演变而来”和D选项“它是力量的基础”不符合原文，排除。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Theyoungwomanwassobeautifulthatshe______everyotherwomanattheball.

问题1选项

A.belittled

B.foiled

C.offset

D.eclipsed

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.belittled贬低；小看B.foiled挫败；阻止

C.offset抵消；弥补D.eclipsed使失色；黯然失色

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据so…that可知，此处是结果状语从句，根据前半句句意“那位年轻女子是如此漂亮”可推知，she______everyotherwoman是指“她令其他女子黯然失色”，故该题选择D项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项都不符合句意。

【句意】那位年轻女子太漂亮了，使舞会上的其他妇女黯然失色。

7.单选题

Takethisbitofseemingly（）advice:Inordertowritequickly,youmustfirstthinkslowly.

问题1选项

A.paradoxical

B.contradict

C.parallel

D.disordering

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。paradoxical“矛盾的”符合句意。contradict为动词“与……矛盾”；parallel“平行的”；disordering“无序的”。句意：采纳这条有点矛盾的建议：为了写作快一点，思考必须慢一点。选项A符合题意。

8.问答题

Itdemonstrateswhyitisessentialthatwefocuseffortsonmeasurestohelppreventolder

A

peoplefrombecomingillinthefirstplaceandonhavingexcellenthealthandsocialcare

B

C

servicesforthemsincetheydo.

D

【答案】试题答案：D;if

【解析】考查连词。此处表示假设，用连词if（假如）。

9.单选题

Romanticloveisaculturetraitfoundprimarilyinindustrializedsocieties.Elsewhereintheworld,pragmaticconsiderationsratherthanflightsoffancyareoftenusedtomakeachoiceofpartner,andromanticloveisseenasanunfortunateinconveniencethatgetsinthewayoftheordinary,rationalprocessofmateselection.TracesofthisattitudepersistintheAmericanupperclasses,wheredaughtersareexpectedtomarry“well”thatis,toamalewhoiseligiblebyreasonoffamilybackgroundandearningpotential.MostAmericans,however,seeromanticloveasessentialforasuccessfulmarriage,andtendtolookaskance（轻蔑地）atanyonewhomarriesforamorepracticalreasoninwhichloveplaysnopart.

Thephenomenonofromanticloveoccurswhentwoyoungpeoplemeetandfindoneanotherpersonallyandphysicallyattractive.Theybecomemutuallyabsorbed,starttobehaveinwhatappearstobeaflighty（充满幻想的）evenirrationalmanner,decidethattheyarerightforoneanother,andmaythenenteramarriagewhosesuccessisexpectedtobeguaranteedbytheirenduringlove.Behaviorofthiskindisportrayedandwarmlyendorsed（赞同）throughoutAmericanpopularculture,bybooks,magazines,comics,records,popularsongs,movies,andTV.

Romanticloveisanobleideal,anditcancertainlyprovideabasisforthespousesto“livehappilyeverafter.”Butamarriagecanequallywellbefoundedonmuchmorepracticalconsiderations—asindeedtheyhavebeeninmostsocietiesthroughoutmostofhistory.Whyisromanticloveofsuchimportanceinthemodernworld?Thereasonseemstobethatithassomebasicfunctionsinmaintainingtheinstitutionofthenuclearfamily（小家庭）.

31.Romanticloveislessfrequentlyfoundinmanynon-industrialsocietiesbecausepeopleinthesesocieties_____.

32.Theunderlinedword“eligible”inPara.1couldbestbereplacedby_____.

33.Accordingtothepassage,mostAmericans_____.

34.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraphaboutromanticlove?

35.Theauthorseemstobelievethat_____.

问题1选项

A.firmlybelievethatonlymoneycanmaketheworldgoround

B.failtobringtheimaginativepowerofthemindintofullplay

C.fondlythinkthatflightsoffancypreventthemfrommakingacorrectchoiceofpartner

D.havefarmorepracticalconsiderationstodeterminewhowillmarrywhom

问题2选项

A.qualified

B.available

C.chosen

D.influential

问题3选项

A.expecttheirdaughterstofallinlovewithamaleatfirstsight

B.regardromanticloveasthebasisforasuccessfulmarriage

C.lookuptothosewhomarryforthesakeofwealth

D.considerromanticlovetobethemostdesirablethingintheworld

问题4选项

A.Itisacommonoccurrenceamongtheold.

B.Itisprimarilydescribedbybooks.

C.Itischaracterizedbymutualattractionandabsorption.

D.Itisrejectedasflightyandirrational.

问题5选项

A.romanticlovemakespeopleunabletothinkclearlyintheprocessofmateselection

B.onlyromanticlovecanmakeamarriagehappyeverafter

C.muchmorepracticalconsiderationscanalsobethebasisforasuccessfulmarriage

D.romanticloveplaysaninsignificantroleinmaintainingtheinstitutionofthenuclearfamily

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】31.事实细节题。定位到第一段第二句话Elsewhereintheworld,pragmaticconsiderationsratherthanflightsoffancyareoftenusedtomakeachoiceofpartner,andromanticloveisseenasanunfortunateinconveniencethatgetsinthewayoftheordinary,rationalprocessofmateselection.“在世界上的其他地方，人们在选择伴侣时往往考虑务实而非异想天开，而浪漫的爱情则被视为妨碍正常、理性的择偶过程的不幸的麻烦”，所以答案选C选项“在决定谁将和谁结婚时，有更实际的考虑”。

A选项“坚信只有金钱才能使世界运转”，文章没有提及，属于反向干扰。

B选项“不能充分发挥想象力”，见正确选项，这里只是说非工业社会的人的择偶观比较务实不是说不能发挥想象力，这里属于推理过度。

D选项“天真地认为幻想妨碍了他们正确地选择伴侣”文章没有提及，属于反向干扰。

32.推理判断题。第一步，句中前后信息衔接，定位到文章第一段倒数第二句TracesofthisattitudepersistintheAmericanupperclasses,wheredaughtersareexpectedtomarry“well”thatis,toamalewhoiseligiblebyreasonoffamilybackgroundandearningpotential.“这种态度的痕迹在美国上层社会依然存在，那里的女孩被期望嫁给‘好’的男人，也就是说，嫁给一个有家庭背景和收入潜力的合适的男人”，这里可以看出这句描述的是美国上层阶级选女婿的条件，从后面的byreasonof（处于……原因），这里可知合格的女婿是要家庭有背景，以及有潜力的人，所以答案选A“合格的，有资格的”。

B选项“可提供的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

C选项“选择的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

D选项“有影响力的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

33.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段最后一句话MostAmericans,however,seeromanticloveasessentialforasuccessfulmarriage,andtendtolookaskanceatanyonewhomarriesforamorepracticalreasoninwhichloveplaysnopart.“然而，大多数美国人认为浪漫的爱情是成功婚姻的必要条件，并倾向于以怀疑的眼光看待那些因为更实际的原因而结婚的人，这些原因中没有爱情的作用”，从这里可知答案选B“认为浪漫的爱情是成功婚姻的基础”。

A选项“希望自己的女儿能与男性一见钟情”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

C选项“尊敬那些为财富而结婚的人”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰。

D选项“认为浪漫的爱情是世界上最令人向往的东西”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。

34.事实细节题。定位到第二段第一句话Thephenomenonofromanticloveoccurswhentwoyoungpeoplemeetandfindoneanotherpersonallyandphysicallyattractive.“当两个年轻人相遇并发现彼此在个人和外表上都很有吸引力时，浪漫爱情就会发生”从这里可知答案选C选项“它的特点是相互吸引和吸收”。

A选项“这在老年人中很常见。”文中没有提及，属于无中生有。

B选项“它主要是由书籍描述的”，定位到第三段最后一句话Behaviorofthiskindisportrayedandwarmlyendorsed（赞同）throughoutAmericanpopularculture,bybooks,magazines,comics,records,popularsongs,movies,andTV.“这种行为在美国流行文化中广泛，通过书籍、杂志、漫画、记录、流行歌曲、电影和电视的形式被描绘并被广泛宣传。”从这里可知B选项错误，爱情不止是在书中描写还有漫画、歌谣等，这里属于以偏概全。

D选项“它被拒绝为轻浮和非理性的”定位到第二段第二句话Theybecomemutuallyabsorbed,starttobehaveinwhatappearstobeaflightyevenirrationalmanner“它们相互吸收，开始表现出一种轻浮甚至不理智的行为方式”从这里可知D选项错误，这里属于反向干扰。

35.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到最后一段第二句话Butamarriagecanequallywellbefoundedonmuchmorepracticalconsiderations“但婚姻同样可以建立在更实际的考虑基础上”从这里可以知道C选项“更实际的考虑也可以成为成功婚姻的基础”正确；

B选项“只有浪漫的爱情才能使婚姻从此幸福美满”，定位到最后一段最后一句Whyisromanticloveofsuchimportanceinthemodernworld?Thereasonseemstobethatithassomebasicfunctionsinmaintainingtheinstitutionofthenuclearfamily.“为什么浪漫的爱情在现代社会如此重要？原因似乎是它在维持核心家庭制度方面具有一些基本功能”从这里可知B选项错误，这里属于反向干扰；

A选项“浪漫的爱情让人在选择伴侣的过程中无法清晰思考”文中没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项“浪漫的爱情在维持核心家庭制度中起着微不足道的作用”文中没有提及，属于无中生有。

10.单选题

Theemployerwasvery______aboutthehealthofheremployeesasreplacementsweredifficulttoget.

问题1选项

A.splenetic

B.dogmatic

C.solicitous

D.obstinate

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项splenetic表示“坏心眼的，容易发怒的”，B项dogmatic表示“教条的，武断的”，C项solicitous表示“热切期望的，热心的”，D项obstinate表示“顽固的，倔强的”。根据关键信息asreplacementsweredifficulttoget（因为替代的员工很难找到）可知，______aboutthehealthofheremployees表示“关心员工的健康”，besolicitousabout表示“挂念，关心”。句意：这位雇主非常关心她的雇员的健康，因为很难找到替代的员工。因此，该题选择C项正确。

11.翻译题

Allmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithinherentandunalienablerights,thatamongthesearelife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness;thattosecuretheserights,governmentsareinstitutedamongmen,derivingtheirjustpowersfromtheconsentofthegoverned;thatwheneveranyformofgovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseends,itistherightofthepeopletoalterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutenewgovernment;...

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们与生俱来的不可剥夺的权利。包括生命权、自由权、追求快乐的权利。为了保障这些权利，政府被创立了，拥有被统治者同意的权力。无论什么时候任何形式的政府对这些目标有破坏作用时，人们有权利改变或者废除它。并且建立新的政府。

12.单选题

Thepolicehaveofferedalarge（

）forinformationleadingtotherobber’sarrest.

问题1选项

A.award

B.compensation

C.prize

D.reward

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。句意:为抓捕逃犯提供信息，警方将高额赏金。

award奖金，奖学金，通常与一段时间的成绩和表现相关；compensation补偿，赔偿，一般与损失相关；prize奖赏，奖金，一般与竞赛或比赛相关；reward报酬，奖赏，一般与劳动、服务、支持和帮助相关。

13.翻译题

B：TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

(10*1=10)

Theworldsoaksincolor.Nottheprimarycolorsofspring,brittleordelicate,thereds,yellowsandbluesofaudaciousorself-effacingflowers.Autumntakesallthecolorsofspringandblendsandsoftensthemrichlytointenseshadesofpurple,crimson,bronze,amberandmahogany,displayedeithertapestry-wisesidebyside,ormergedinrichnewtones.Thetreesareresplendentincopperandgold,whilecorn-stackscrouchingabovethestubblegleamdeepyellowinsunlight.Greenoblongsdefinedbyhedgesfleckedwithscarletberriescontrastwithneatly-furrowedploughlands.Andmoorlandisspreadwitharoyalmassedembroideryofpurpleheatherbankedamongradiantgorse.

【答案】世界沉浸在色彩之中。不是春天的原色，脆弱或娇嫩，也不是大胆或谦逊的花朵的红、黄、蓝。秋天吸收了春天的所有颜色，并将它们丰富地融合和软化为紫色、深红色、青铜色、琥珀色和桃花心木等强烈的色调，或以挂毯的方式并排展示，或以丰富的新色调融合。树木被铜色和金色染得金碧辉煌，而蜷伏在茬子上的玉米堆在阳光下闪着深黄的光。红色浆果点缀的树篱勾勒出的绿色长方形与整齐犁沟的农田形成了鲜明的对比。高沼地上散布着紫色石南的皇家刺绣，镶嵌在闪闪发光的金雀花中。

14.单选题

Thedefencelawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneofthe（）ofthemurdercommittedlastmonth.

问题1选项

A.witnesses

B.audiences

C.viewers

D.observers

【答案】A

【解析】句意：辩护律师正在询问上个月谋杀案的目击者之一的老人。witnesses表示目击者，符合句意。

15.单选题

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromdifferencesintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare'sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso'spaintingGuernicaprimarilyapropositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishesanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield:thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits--therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach--instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）

2.ThepassagesuppliesinformationforansweringallofthefollowingquestionsEXCEPT:（）

3.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitytranscendslimitswith（）

4.Theauthorimpliesthataninnovativescientificcontributionisonethat（）

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldmostlogicallyconcludethelastparagraphofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

问题2选项

A.Hasunusualcreativeactivitybeencharacterizedasrevolutionary?

B.DidBeethovenworkwithinamusicaltraditionthatalsoincludedHandelandBach?

C.IsMozart'sTheMarriageofFigaroanexampleofacreativeworkthattranscendedlimits?

D.WhobesidesMonteverdiwrotemusicthattheauthorwouldconsidertoembodynewprinciplesoforganizationandtobeofhighaestheticvalue?

问题3选项

A.deepskepticism

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.moderateamusement

问题4选项

A.iscitedwithhighfrequencyinthepublicationsofotherscientists

B.isacceptedimmediatelybythescientificcommunity

C.doesnotrelegateparticularstotheroleofdata

D.introducesanewvalidgeneralization

问题5选项

A.UnlikeBeethoven,however,eventhegreatestofmoderncomposers,suchasStravinsky,didnottranscendexistingmusicalforms.

B.Insimilarfashion,existingmusicalformswereevenfurtherexploitedbythenextgenerationofgreatEuropeancomposers.

C.Thus,manyofthegreatcomposersdisplayedthesamecombinationoftalentsexhibitedbyMonteverdi.

D.Bycontrast,theviewthatcreativityintheartsexploitsbutdoesnottranscendlimitsissupportedinthefieldofliterature.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:根据第一段“Forthesciences...coherentways.”对于科学来说，新理论是创造行为的目标和最终结果。创新的科学产生新的命题，根据这些命题，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联。所以，选项D符合原文。

第2题:根据第二段的内容可知，只有选项D除了蒙特威尔第，还有谁写的音乐，作者认为它体现了新的组织原则，具有很高的审美价值，这个在文中没有提及。

第3题:根据第一段的最后两句，具有高度创造性的艺术家所创作的美学细节，以一种创新的方式，扩展或利用现有形式的局限，而不是超越这种形式。由此推断是持怀疑的态度，选择A正确。

第4题:根据第一段“Innovativescience...anewtheory.”创新的科学产生新的命题，根据这些命题，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联。像明亮钻石或筑巢的鸟这样的现象被归为数据的作用，作为形成或测试新理论的手段。选项D引入一个新的有效的推广表述正确。

第5题:根据第二段的内容可以推断出，选项B以类似的方式，现有的音乐形式被下一代伟大的欧洲作曲家进一步利用更能概括本段内容，所以，选项B正确。

16.问答题

CharlesDarwin’s“OntheOriginofSpecies”iscreditedwithsparkingevolution’srevolution

A

inscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstood

B

theidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreat,accordingtotheArnold

C

D

Arboretum’snewdirector.

【答案】试题答案：B;understanding

【解析】考查现在分词。understood一般用于beunderstoodas（被理解为），understanding意为“理解的”。

17.单选题

The（）ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromalloverthecountry.

问题1选项

A.clash

B.clarify

C.clarity

D.clatter

【答案】C

【解析】clash冲突；clarify澄清，阐明；clarity清澈，透明；clatter哗啦声，嘈杂声。句意：清澈的泉水吸引了许多来自全国各地的游客。选项C符合句意。

18.单选题

Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished;I（）everythingaheadcarefully.

问题1选项

A.shouldplan

B.planned

C.mustplan

D.shouldhaveplanned

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由前一句Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished“我很遗憾没完成工作”可以知道实际上在过去对工作没有提前计划，因此后半句I…everythingaheadcarefully应该用虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反的情况，应该使用现在完成时shouldhavedone表示过去本应该做而没有做，故可排除A，B，C选项。句意：我很遗憾工作没完成，我本应该提前仔细规划好一切。因此D选项符合题意。

19.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheetII.

Wewilleffectivelyconserveresourcesandprotecttheenvironment.Wewillactivelyrespondtoclimatechange.Wewillstrengthenresourceconservationandmanagement,becomebetterabletoensureadequatesuppliesofresources,intensifytheprotectionoffarmlandandtheenvironment,strengthenecologicaldevelopmentandsystemstopreventandmitigatenaturaldisasters,andcomprehensivelybuildourcapacityforsustainabledevelopment.Theproportionofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptionshouldreach11.4percent;energyconsumptionandcarbondioxideemissionsperuntilofGDPshouldbereducedby16percentand17percentrespectively;thereleaseofmajorpollutantshouldbereducedby8percentto10percent;foreststockshouldbeincreasedby600millioncubicmeters;andforestcovershouldbeincreasedto21.66percent.Wewillsubstantiallyimprovewaterconservancyfacilities;makeprogressinbettercontrollingimportanttributariesoflargeriversaswellaslakesandsmallandmedium-sizedrivers;andsignificantlyimproveagriculturalirrigation,