考研考博-英语-九江职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-九江职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Priortothe20thcentury,manylanguageswithsmallnumbersofspeakerssurvivedforcenturies.Theincreasinglyinterconnectedmodernworldmakesitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguagecommunitiestoliveinrelativeisolation,whichisakeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation.

Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldiversityinthecenturiesahead.Manypowerfulforcesappeartoworkagainstit:populationgrowth,whichpushesmigrantpopulationsintotheworld’slastisolatedlocations;masstourism;globaltele-communicationsandmassmedia;andthespreadofgiganticglobalcorporations.Alloftheseforcesappeartosignifyafutureinwhichthelanguageofadvertising,popularculture,andconsumerproductsbecomesimilar.AlreadyEnglishandafewothermajortongueshaveemergedasgloballanguagesofcommerceandcommunication.Formanyoftheworld’speoples,learningoneoftheselanguagesisviewedasthekeytoeducation,economicopportunity,andabetterwayoflife.

Onlyabout3,000languagesnowinuseareexpectedtosurvivethecomingcentury.Aremostoftherestdoomedinthecenturyafterthat?

Whethermostoftheselanguagessurvivewillprobablydependonhowstronglyculturalgroupswishtokeeptheiridentityalivethroughanativelanguage.Todosowillrequireanemphasisonbilingualism(masteryoftwolanguages).Bilingualspeakerscouldusetheirownlanguageinsmallerspheres--athome,amongfriends,incommunitysettings--andagloballanguageatwork,indealingswithgovernment,andincommercialspheres.Inthisway,manysmalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguages,ratherthanyieldtothehomogenizingforcesofglobalization.

Ironically,thetrendoftechnologicalinnovationthathasthreatenedminoritylanguagescouldalsohelpsavethem.Forexample,someexpertspredictthatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswillonedaypermitminoritylanguagespeakerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues.Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer-aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreatenedlanguages.

Formanyendangeredlanguages,thelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelythin.Languageisremarkablyresilient,however.Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicating,butalsoapowerfulwayofseparatingdifferentgroups,orofdemonstratinggroupidentity.Manyindigenouscommunitieshaveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage.

6.Minoritylanguagescanbebestpreservedin（）.

7.AccordingtoParagraph2,thattheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticdiversityinthefutureis（）.

8.Accordingtotheauthorbilingualismcanhelp（）.

9.Computertechnologyishelpfulforpreservingminoritylanguagesinthatit（）.

10.Intheauthor’sview,manyendangeredlanguagesare（）.

问题1选项

A.anincreasinglyinterconnectedworld

B.maintainingsmallnumbersofspeakers

C.relativelyisolatedlanguagecommunities

D.followingthetraditionofthe20hcentury

问题2选项

A.uncertain

B.unrealistic

C.foreseeable

D.definite

问题3选项

A.smalllanguagesbecomeacceptableinworkplaces

B.homogenizetheworld’slanguagesandcultures

C.globallanguagesreachhomeandsmallcommunities

D.speakersmaintaintheirlinguisticandculturalidentity

问题4选项

A.makeslearningagloballanguageunnecessary

B.facilitatesthelearningandusingofthoselanguages

C.raisepublicawarenessofsavingthoselanguages

D.makesiteasierforlinguiststostudythoselanguages

问题5选项

A.remarkablywell-keptinthismodernworld

B.exceptionallypowerfultoolsofcommunication

C.quitepossibletoberevivedinsteadofdyingout

D.auniquewayofbringingdifferentgroupstogether

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】6.事实细节题。根据题干关键词可以定位到第一段Priortothe20thcentury,manylanguageswithsmallnumbersof...whichisakeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation.（在20世纪之前，许多少数人使用的语言存活了几个世纪。现代世界的相互联系日益紧密，使得小型语言社区很难相对孤立地生活，这是语言维护和保存的一个关键因素。）由此可判断少数民族语言在相对孤立的语言群中保存最好，因此C选项“相对孤立的语言群体”正确。A选项“一个联系日益紧密的世界”；B选项“保持少量的发言者”以及D选项“遵循20世纪的传统”都不是文章的观点。

7.判断推理题。根据题干和选项关键词定位到第二段第一句Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldiversityinthecenturiesahead.（在未来几个世纪，世界是否能继续维持其语言学和文化的多样性还有待观之。）作者然后用若干事例说明了这一看法，因此A选项“不确定的”正确。B选项“不现实的”；C选项“可预见的”以及D选项“确定的”都不符合原文。

8.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段的第三、四句Bilingualspeakerscouldusetheirownlanguageinsmallerspheres...ratherthanyieldtothehomogenizingforcesofglobalization.（双语者可以在更小的范围内使用母语——在家里，在朋友之间，在社区环境中——在工作中，在与政府打交道时，以及在商业领域中使用一种全球语言。通过这种方式，许多小语种可以与全球语言一起保持其文化和语言的完整性，而不是屈服于全球化的同质化力量。）由此可见，双语现象是有助于讲双语者保持他们语言和文化的特性的，因此D选项“（帮助）讲双语者保持他们的语言和文化的特性”正确。A选项“小语言在工作场所变得可以接受”，目前还没有；B选项“使世界语言和文化同质化”过度推断；C选项“全球语言到达家庭和小社区”，无关项。

9.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第五段的第二句Forexample,someexpertspredictthatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswillonedaypermitminoritylanguagespeakerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues．（举例来说，一些专家预测，计算机软件翻译工具有朝一日将可以让使用小语种的人用他们的母语浏览互联网。）由此可推断，电脑技术有助于保存小语种语言，使得学习和使用这些语言变得更容易，因此B选项“促进这些语言的学习和使用”正确。A选项“让学习一门全球性的语言变得不必要”，是不正确的，作者一直在强调小语种使用者要是能够学习一门全球性语言会对保存自己的小语种更有帮助；C选项“提高公众拯救这些语言的意识”，这不是计算机起的的作用；D选项“让语言学家更容易学习这些语言”，是让语言学家教授而不是学习。

10.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第六段Formanyendangeredlanguages,thelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelythin.Languageisremarkablyresilient,however.Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicating...possibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage.（对于许多濒临灭绝的语言，在复兴和灭亡之间的界限极为细小。然而，语言是有活力的，它不但是交流的工具，而且是分开不同的群体或显示不同群体身份的有力方法。许多原生的群落的情况已表明，通过语言他们既可以生活在现代，又能维持其独特的身份，这是完全可能的。）由此可见，按作者的看法，很多濒危的语言很可能得到复兴而不是灭绝，因此C选项“很有可能复活而不是死亡”正确。A选项“在现代社会，它保存得非常好”，不正确，现在人们是在努力让它更好的保存下来；B选项“非常强大的通讯工具”，过度推断；D选项“一种独特的方式把不同的群体聚在一起”，不是把不同的群体聚在一起，而是相同的。

2.单选题

Hewasalonely,miserable（

）.

问题1选项

A.feast

B.spouse

C.wretch

D.dignity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项feast“盛宴，宴会，（宗教的）节日”；B选项spouse“配偶”；C选项wretch“不幸的人，可怜的人”；D选项dignity“尊严，尊贵”。由lonely（孤独的，孤单的）和miserable（可怜的）可知C选项最符合语境，带有感情色彩。句意：他是一个孤独，悲惨的可怜人。

3.单选题

Certainanimalbehaviors,suchasmatingrituals'seemtobe_______,andtherefore_______externalfactorssuchasclimatechanges,foodsupply,orthepresenceofotheranimalsofthesamespecies.

问题1选项

A.learned...immuneto

B.innate...unaffectedby

C.intricate...belongto

D.specific...confusedwith

【答案】B

【解析】learned...immuneto学到的不受感染;innate...unaffectedby先天的不受影响;intricate...belongto复杂的属于;specific...confusedwith特定的混淆。句意：某些动物的行为,如交配仪式,似乎是与生俱来的,因此不受外部因素的影响,如气候变化,食物供应,或其他动物相同物种的存在。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Ibelievereservesofcoalhereare______tolastforfiftyyears.

问题1选项

A.efficient

B.sufficient

C.persistent

D.rich

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项efficient“有效的”，B项sufficient“充足的”，C项persistent“执着的，坚持不懈的”，D项rich“富有的”。根据关键词reservesofcoal“煤储存”和lastforfiftyyears“持续50年”可知，B选项符合语境。句意：我相信这里的煤储量足够用五十年。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.单选题

Theairportpolicewho（）thegirlconcludedthatshewasinnocentandhadn’tknownaboutthedrugs.

问题1选项

A.interrogated

B.shrouded

C.ratified

D.muffled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。interrogate“询问”；shroud“遮蔽”；ratify“批准”；muffle“使声音低沉，裹住，捂住”。句意：机场警察询问了那个女孩，认为她是无辜的，她对毒品一无所知。选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

AtBuffaloCreek,WestVirginia,amakeshiftdamatacoalminesitecollapsedwithalossofmorethan100lives.

问题1选项

A.fragile

B.massive

C.crude

D.temporary

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.fragile易碎的，易损的B.massive巨大的，大而重的

C.crude粗略的，简略的D.temporary暂时的，临时的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】makeshift的意思为“临时替代的，权宜的”，用来形容dam，指的是煤矿工地的临时大坝，temporary与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】在西弗吉尼亚州的布法罗溪，某个煤矿工地的临时大坝倒塌，造成100多人死亡。

7.单选题

Througheffortsbyseveralenvironmentalsocieties,theAmericanbuffaloisnolongerindangerofbecomingan（）species.

问题1选项

A.instinct

B.mistinct

C.distinct

D.extinct

【答案】D

【解析】考查同形词辨析。A选项instinct“本能；直觉”；B选项mistinct没有此类词汇的意思；C选项distinct“明显的；独特的”；D选项extinct“灭绝的；熄灭的”。句意：通过多个环保组织的努力，美国的水牛不再处于变成……物种的危险中。施动者是environmentalsocieties“环保社会”，承受者是Americanbuffalo“美国的水牛”，结果是美国水牛脱离了成为濒临灭绝的物种的风险。因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Ahushfellovertheguestswhohad（

）fortheweddingcelebration.

问题1选项

A.assembled

B.participated

C.attended

D.summoned

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。assemble“集合，聚集”；participate“参与，分享”；attend“参加”；summon“召唤，召集”。句意：为结婚庆典而聚在一起的客人们安静下来了。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Excuseme.Ifyourcallisnottoourgent,doyoumind（）minefirst?

问题1选项

A.Imake

B.ifImake

C.metomake

D.thatImake

【答案】B

【解析】句意:打扰一下！如果你的电话不是很急的话，是否介意我先打个电话？

语法题。考查mind的用法。Mind表示“介意”时，用法有两种:mindone'sdoingsth.(介意某人做某事)；Do(Would)youmindif...(你是否介意…)。因此B项正确。

10.单选题

Inspiteoftheincreasing（

）oftheirsentiments,thegroupknewtheyhadtoarriveataconsensussothattheawardcouldbepresented.

问题1选项

A.impartiality

B.polarity

C.incisiveness

D.judiciousness

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。impartiality公平，公正；polarity两极；incisiveness深刻，敏锐；judiciousness头脑精明的。句意：尽管他们的意见越来越分化，但是这个小组知道他们必须达成共识以便奖项能够被颁发。由inspiteof及下文可知双方有矛盾分歧，B项符合题意。

11.单选题

Thisbookisthe（

）ofsome20yearsofscientificresearch.

问题1选项

A.participation

B.tolerance

C.alliance

D.outcome

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项participation“参与；分享；参股”；B选项tolerance“公差；宽容；容忍”；C选项alliance“联盟；联姻”；D选项outcome“结果；成果”。句意：这本书是20多年科学研究的……。由句意和选项分析可知，书只能是研究“成果”，因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusicandbypsychologistsand“human-relation”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppets(木偶)whodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkersandemployeesareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain—bypsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorscreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortothe19th-century“free-enterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason一aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasameanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（

）.

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（

）.

3.Thosewhoareonthehighersocialladderwouldfeelmorepeacefulandsecureiftheycould（

）.

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbebestsummarizedasoneofthe（

）.

问题1选项

A.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

B.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

C.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

D.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

问题2选项

A.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

B.theyaredeprivedoftheirindependenceandproductivity

C.theyarelikelytolosetheirsatisfactoryjobs

D.theyarefartherawayfromgenuinelife

问题3选项

A.gethighersalaryandmoreself-respect

B.havemorechancetobefurtherpromoted

C.provebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

D.keepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

问题4选项

A.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

B.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

问题5选项

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推断，作者将人比喻成机械中运转良好的齿轮，实则是想表明人们相对于社会中其他部分来说已经变得不那么重要了。选项A符合原文。

2.根据第二段的内容可知，工人和雇员们焦虑不仅是因为他们可能面临着失业，他们焦虑也是因为他们不能获得任何真正的满足和对生活的兴趣，但是真正的原因还是第二段的最后一句，作为情感和智力独立和有生产力的人，他们终生无法面对人类生存的基本现实。选项B符合原文。

3.根据第三段的内容可知，社会地位较高的人同样也会感到焦虑，他们在某些方面甚至更不安全,他们一直处于激烈的竞争中。不断证明自己和竞争对手一样优秀或比他们更优秀，造成了不断的焦虑和压力，而这些正是不快乐和疾病的根源。由此可以推测，如果能远离这个这个竞争激烈的世界，他们才会觉得安宁。选项D符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的内容可知，作者建议将官僚主义的工业转变为以人为本的工业主义，使人能充分发挥它的潜力。选项C符合原文。

5.根据文章内容可知，作者认为现在的工业主义使人丧失了其在社会中应发挥的重要作用，最后一段提到了作者建议将工业主义转变为一种以人为本的工业主义,所以作者对待工业主义的态度是不满的。选项B正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

13.单选题

Thecoursenormallyattracts20studentsperyear,（

）uptohalfwillbefromoverseas.

问题1选项

A.inwhich

B.forwhom

C.withwhich

D.ofwhom

【答案】D

【解析】句意:这门课程通常每年会吸引二十名学生，其中有一半是留学生。

语法题。考查定语从句。题干后半部分为定语从句修饰先行词20students。定语从句中缺少关系词。选项D中,of表示“在…中”,后面接关系代词which。

14.单选题

Onlyaselectednumberoflandladiesintheneighborhoodhavebeenallowedbytheuniversitytotakein（

）.

问题1选项

A.lodgers

B.residents

C.settlers

D.inhabitants

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。lodger房客；residents居民；settler移民；inhabitant居民。句意：附近只有少数被挑选的女房东被该大学允许租房给学生。A项符合句意，答案A。

15.写作题

MeaningandCharacteristicsoftheItalianRenaissanceThewordRenaissancemeans"rebirth."AnumberofpeoplewholivedinItalybetween1350and1550believedthattheyhadwitnessedarebirthofantiquityorGreco-Romancivilization,markinganewage.Tothem,thethousandorsoyearsbetweentheendoftheRomanEmpireandtheirownerawasamiddleperiod(hencethe"MiddleAges"),characterizedbydarknessbecauseofitslackofclassicalculture.HistoriansofthenineteenthcenturylaterusedsimilarterminologytodescribethisperiodinItaly.TheSwisshistorianandartcriticJacobBurckhardtcreatedthemodernconceptoftheRenaissanceinhiscelebratedCivilizationoftheRenaissancein-publishedin1860.HeportrayedItalyinthefourteenthandfifteenthcenturiesasthebirthplaceofthemodernworld(theItalianswere"thefirstbornamongthesonsofmodernEurope")andsawtherevivalofantiquity,theperfectingoftheindividual,"andsecularismasitsdistinguishingfeatures.BurckhardtexaggeratedtheindividualityandsecularismoftheRenaissanceandfailedtorecognizethedepthsofitsreligioussentiment;nevertheless,heestablishedtheframeworkforallmoderninterpretationsoftheRenaissance.AlthoughcontemporaryscholarsdonotbelievethattheRenaissancerepresentsasuddenordramaticculturalbreakwiththeMiddleAges,asBurckhardtargued—therewas.afterall,muchcontinuityineconomic,political,andsociallifebetweenthetwoperiods—theRenaissancecanstillbeviewedasadistinctperiodofEuropeanhistorythatmanifesteditselffirstinItalyandthenspreadtotherestofEurope.

RenaissanceItalywaslargelyanurbansociety.Asaresultofitscommercialpreeminenceandpoliticalevolution,northernItalybythemid-fourteenthcenturywasmostlyalandofindependentcitiesthatdominatedthecountrydistrictsaroundthem.Thesecity-statesbecamethecentersofItalianpolitical,economic,andsociallife.Withinthisnewurbansociety,asecularspiritemergedasincreasingwealthcreatednewpossibilitiesfortheenjoymentofworldlythings.

Aboveall,theRenaissance,asanageofrecoveryfromthe"calamitousfourteenthcentury."ItalyandEuropebeganaslowprocessofrecuperationfromtheeffectsoftheBlackDeath,politicaldisorder,andeconomicrecession.Thisrecoverywasaccompaniedbyarebirthofthecultureofclassicalantiquity.Increasinglyawareoftheirownhistoricalpast,ItalianintellectualsbecameintenselyinterestedintheGreco-RomancultureoftheancientMediterraneanworld.Thisnewrevivalofclassicalantiquity(theMiddleAgeshadinfactpreservedmuchofancientLatinculture)affectedactivitiesasdiverseaspoliticsandartandledtonewattemptstoreconcilethepaganphilosophyoftheGreco-RomanworldwithChristianthought,aswellasnewwaysofviewinghumanbeings.

ArevivedemphasisonindividualabilitybecamecharacteristicoftheItalianRenaissance.Asthefifteenth-centuryFlorentinearchitectLeonBattistaAlbertiexpressedit:"Mancandoallthingsiftheywill."Ahighregardforhumandignityandworthandarealizationofindividualpotentialitycreatedanewsocialidealofthewell-roundedpersonalityoruniversalpersonwhowascapableofachievementsinmanyareasoflife.

ThesegeneralfeaturesoftheItalianRenaissancewerenotcharacteristicofallItaliansbutwereprimarilythepreserveofthewealthyupperclasses,whoconstitutedasmallpercentageofthetotalpopulation.TheachievementsoftheItalianRenaissanceweretheproductofanelite,ratherthanamass,movement.Nevertheless,indirectlyitdidhavesomeimpactonordinarypeople,especiallyinthecities,wheresomanyoftheintellectualandartisticaccomplishmentsoftheperiodweremostvisible.

【答案】TheRenaissancecanbeviewedasadistinctperiodofEuropeanhistory.TherearemanymeaningsandcharacteristicsoftheItalianRenaissance.

TheRenaissanceinItalymarkedthearrivalofanewera.Andcharacterizedbydarknessbecauseofitslackofclassicalculture.TheSwisshistorianandartcriticJacobBurckhardtcreatedthemodernconceptoftheRenaissance.Hesawtherevivalofantiquity,theperfectingoftheindividual,andsecularismasitsdistinguishingfeatures.

TheRenaissance,asanageofrecoveryfromthe"calamitousfourteenthcentury."Thisrecoverywasaccompaniedbyarebirthofthecultureofclassicalantiquity.ArevivedemphasisonindividualabilitybecamecharacteristicoftheItalianRenaissance.Ahighregardforhumandignityandworthandarealizationofindividualpotentialitycreatedanewsocialidealofthewell-roundedpersonalityoruniversalperson.

TheachievementsoftheItalianRenaissanceweretheproductofanelite,ratherthanamass,movement.Nevertheless,indirectlyitdidhavesomeimpactonordinarypeople.

16.单选题

WallStreetinaconceptualsenserepresentsfinancialandeconomicpower.ToAmericans,itcansometimesrepresentelitismandpowerpolitics,anditsrolehasbeenasourceofcontroversythroughoutthenation’shistory,particularlybeginningaroundtheGildedAgeperiodinthelate19thcentury.WallStreetbecamethesymbolofacountryandeconomicsystemthatmanyAmericanssawashavingdevelopedthroughtrade,capitalism,andinnovation.

WallStreethasbecomesynonymouswithfinancialinterests,oftenusednegatively.Duringthemortgagemessfrom2007一2010,WallStreetfinancingwasblamedasoneofthecauses,althoughmostcommentatorsblameaninterplayoffactors.TheU.S.governmentwiththeTroubledAssetReliefProgrambailedoutthebanksandfinancialbackerswithbillionsoftaxpayerdollars,butthebailoutwasoftencriticizedaspoliticallymotivated,andwascriticizedbyjournalistsaswellasthepublic.OnewriterintheHuffingtonPostlookedatFBIstatisticsonrobbery,fraud,andcrimeandconcludedthatWallStreetwasthe“mostdangerousneighborhoodintheUnitedStates”ifonefactoredinthe$50billionfraudperpetratedbyBernieMadoff.ManycomplainedthattheresultingSarbanes-Oxleylegislationdampenedthebusinessclimate.InterestgroupsseekingfavorwithWashingtonlawmakers,suchascardealers,haveoftensoughttoportraytheirinterestsasalliedwithMainStreetratherthanWallStreet.WhentheUnitedStatesTreasurybailedoutlargefinancialfirms,toostensiblyhaltadownwardspiralinthenation’seconomy,therewastremendousnegativepoliticalfallout,particularlywhenreportscameoutthatmoniessupposedtobeusedtoeasecreditrestrictionswerebeingusedtopaybonusestohighly-paidemployees.AnalystWilliamCohanarguedthatitwas“obscene（肮脏的）”howWallStreetreaped“massiveprofitsandbonusesin2009”afterbeingsavedby“trillionsofdollarsofAmericantaxpayers’treasure”despiteWallStreet’s“greedandirresponsiblerisk-taking”.WashingtonPostreporterSuzanneMcGeecalledforWallStreettomakeasortofpublicapologytothenation,andexpresseddismaythatpeoplesuchasGoldmanSachschiefexecutiveLldydBlankfeinhadn’texpressedcontrition（悔悟）despitebeingsuedbytheSEC（SecuritiesandExchangeCommission）in2009.McGeewrotethat“Bankersaren’tthesoleculprits,buttheirdenialsofresponsibilityandtheoccasionalvagueandwafflingexpressionofregretdon’tgofarenoughtodeflectanger”.

ButchiefbankinganalystatGoldmanSachs,RichardRamsden,is“unapologetic”andsees“banksasthedynamos（发电机）thatpowertherestoftheeconomy”.Ramsdenbelieves“risk-takingisvital”.Othersinthefinancialindustrybelievethey’vebeenunfairlycriticizedbythepublicandbypoliticians.

ImagesofWallStreetanditsfigureshaveloomedlarge.The1987OliverStonefilmWallStreetcreatedtheiconicfigureofGordonGekkowhousedthephrase“greedisgood”,whichhadanunexpectedculturalinfluence,notcausingthemtoturnawayfromcorporategreed,butcausingmanyyoungpeopletochooseWallStreetcareers.

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

2.AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattherealrootofthefinancialcrisisis（）.

4.InthefilmWallStreet,GordonGekkocouldbestbedescribedasa(n)（）.

问题1选项

A.PhysicalLayoutofWallStreet.

B.WallStreetinthePublic’sEyes.

C.InfluencesoftheFilmWallStreet.

D.WallStreetasaFinancialCenter.

问题2选项

A.WallStreethasarousedconsiderablepublicinterest

B.thebailoutprogramplaysanegativeroleinAmericanpolitics

C.WallStreetistheonlyoffenderbehindtheglobaleconomiccrisis

D.thepartWallStreethasplayedintheAmericaneconomyisunderattack

问题3选项

A.USgovernment’sexistinglegislationonbusinessclimate

B.USgovernment’spolitically-motivatedbailoutplan

C.WallStreet’sfavorabletreatmenttointerestgroups

D.WallStreet’slackofresponsibilityandhumanity

问题4选项

A.idiot

B.idol

C.idealist

D.gossip

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.结合文章内容可知,第一段主要讲美国公众对华尔街的整体看法,接下来的段落便是具体的描述公众眼中的华尔街。所以选项B最为恰当。

2.根据第一段可知选项A正确;根据第二段第三句“...butthebailoutwasoftencriticizedaspoliticallymotivated,andwascriticizedbyjournalistsaswellasthepublic.”可知选项B正确;根据第二段的内容可知选项D也正确,只有选项C在文中没有提及,且选项中only表述太绝对。所以本题选C。

3.根据第二段分析师WilliamCohan说的话可知,华尔街金融危机的根源是其贪婪和不负责任的冒险行为所导致的,选项D符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的内容可知,电影《华尔街》塑造了戈登•盖柯的标志性人物,他说“贪婪是好的”。这句话产生了意想不到的文化影响,不仅没有让年轻人摆脱集体的贪婪,反而让他们选择来华尔街冒险。由此可知,戈登•盖柯被塑造成为了一个偶像,所以选项B正确。

17.单选题

Thetooththatisbeingextractedbythedentist（）meforsometime.

问题1选项

A.hashurt

B.hasbeenhurting

C.ishurting

D.hurts

【答案】A

【解析】考查时态。“for+一段时间”一般用现在完成时，“forsometime”表示“一段时间以来”，句意：牙科医生正在拔的那颗牙痛了我一段时间了。所以本题选择A选项“hashurt”正确。

18.单选题

Myfathernevergaveme（）.

问题1选项

A.manyadvice

B.manyadvices

C.muchadvice

D.alotofadvices

【答案】C

【解析】advice为不可数名词,没有复数形式,many用来修饰可数名词,所以选项C正确。

19.单选题

China’sresponsetoNorthKorea’sshellingofYeonpyeongIslandtwoweeksagohasbeenremarkablyflaccid.

问题1选项

A.firm

B.shrewd

C.ambiguous

D.limp

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项firm“坚定的；牢固的；严格的；结实的；坚决的；牢牢控制的；坚挺的”；B选项shrewd“精明的；狡猾的；机灵的”；C选项ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；D选项limp“柔软的，无力的；软弱的”。句意：中国对朝鲜两周前炮击延坪岛的反应，一直表现得非常迟缓。flaccid“松弛的，软弱的；蔫软的；无活力的；不见成效的”，D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。

20.翻译题

PutthefollowingIwopassagesintoChinese.

Eternaltruthswillbeneithertruenoreternalunlesstheyhavefreshmeaningforeverynewsocialsituation.Itisthefunctionofeducation,thefunctionofallofthegreatinstitutionsoflearningintheUnitedStales,toprovidecontinuityforournationallife—totransmittoyouththebestofourculturethathasbeentestedinthefireofhistory.Itisequallytheobligationofeducationtotrainthemindsandthetalentsofouryouth;toimprove,throughcreativecitizenship,ourAmericaninstitutionsinaccordwiththerequirementsofthefuture.Wecannotalwaysbuildthefutureforouryouth,butwecanbuildouryouthforthefuture.

Fameisverymuchlikeananimalchasingitstailwho,whenhecapturesit,doesnotknowwhatelsetodobuttocontinuechasingit.Fameandcelebritythataccompaniesit,forcethefamouspersontoparticipateinhisorherowndestruction.Ironic,isn’tit?Thosewhogainfamemostoftengainitasaresultofpossessingasingletalentorskill:singing,dancing,painting,orwriting,etc.Thesuccessfulperformerdevelopsastylethatismarketedaggressivelyandgainssomepopularity,anditisthispopularitythatusuallyconvincestheperformertocontinueperforminginthesamestyle,sincethatiswhatthepublicseemstowantandtoenjoy.Butintime,theperformerbecomesboredsingingthesamesongsinthesamewayyearafteryear,orthepainterbecomesboredpaintingsimilarscenesorportraits,ortheactoristiredofplayingthesamecharacterrepeatedly.Thedemandofthepublicholdstheartisttohisorherownsuccess,fame.Iftheartistattemptstochangehisorherstyleofwritingordancingorsinging,etc.,theaudiencemayturnawayandlooktoconferfameonanotherandthen,intime,onanother,andsoonandsoon.

【答案】永恒的真理如果不在新的社会形势下赋予新的意义，它要么就不是真理，要么就不是永恒的。它是教育的功能，是美国所有伟大学府的功能，为我们国家的生活提供延续——把我们在历史的烈火中经受住考验的精华文