考研考博-英语-云南大学滇池学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南大学滇池学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theyoungwomanwassobeautifulthatshe______everyotherwomanattheball.

问题1选项

A.belittled

B.foiled

C.offset

D.eclipsed

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.belittled贬低；小看B.foiled挫败；阻止

C.offset抵消；弥补D.eclipsed使失色；黯然失色

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据so…that可知，此处是结果状语从句，根据前半句句意“那位年轻女子是如此漂亮”可推知，she______everyotherwoman是指“她令其他女子黯然失色”，故该题选择D项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项都不符合句意。

【句意】那位年轻女子太漂亮了，使舞会上的其他妇女黯然失色。

2.单选题

Initsmostabstractsensetheperceptionofalossofcommunityinmodernsocietyreferstochangesinboththestructureandcontentofpersonalrelationships.Herecommunityisusedtodenoteasenseofcommonidentitybetweenindividuals,andenduringtiesofaffectionandharmonybaseduponpersonalknowledgeandface-to-facecontact.Itisoftencontrastedwiththeimpersonalanddehumanizingaspectsofmodern

life,withtheriseofaselfishindividualism,acalculativeapproachtohumanrelationshipsandthesenseofsocialdislocationpresentunderconditionsofrapidsocialandeconomicchange.Thesejudgmentsweretypifiedbythepessimisticstrandofmucheighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryRomanticism,whichstressedtheunityofmanwithnature,opposedreasonwithsentimentandofferedthoroughgoingcriticismoftheemergingurban,industrialworlD.Theconceptofcommunitywasusedinordertocometotermswiththisnewformofsociety.Thescientificandtechnologicaladvancesofthenewagewerecontrastedwithman’sspiritualandemotionalimpoverishment,inwhichthelossofcommunitywastakenasemblematiC.Thetermwasthereforeusedinaliterallyreactionaryway,asareactiontoboththematerialsqualorandthespiritualdegradationwhichRomanticismassociatedwiththeriseofurbanindustrialism.Communitysignifiedamorehumaneandintimateexistence,morestable,moretraditionalandlesstaintedbytherationalpursuitofself-interest.ThetermwasusedbywriterslikeCobbettandColeridgetoevokealargelymythicalgoldenageinthepre-industrialworld,whereorganiccommunitiesofbeneficentlandownersandmerryrusticslivedahappyArcadianexistenceinthemainlyagriculturalvillagesandsmallmarkettownswhichconstitutedpre-industrial-society.Rapidurbanizationandindustrializationwereaccusedofhavingdestroyedthisnotionofcommunity.

TheIndustrialRevolutionwasbelievedtohavechangednotonlythestructureofsocietybyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincitiesandinfactories,butalsothequalityoftherelationshipsuponwhichasenseofcommunityresteD.Outofthisperceptionthereemergedaverycommonliteraryandculturaltheme,fullyexploredbyRaymondWilliamsintwoofhisbooks,CultureandSocietyandTheCountryandtheCity(Williams,1961,1973).Sinceurbanindustrialismhadbroughtabreakdownofcommunityitfollowedthatrealcommunitiescouldnotexistinthenewindustrialcitiesbutonlyinthecountryside.Thevillagethereforecametoberegardedastheidealcommunity.Theromanticassertionoftheunitofmanwithnaturefounditscounterpartinanidyllicviewofrurallifeasconsistingofharmonyandvirtue.Relationshipsinruralcommunitieswereregardedasmoreindefinablyprofoundandfulfilling,generatingaprevailingsenseofmeaningfulsocialintimacy.Incities,ontheotherhand,itwasbelievedthatthe"unnatural"separationoftheirinhabitantsfromthelandandfromoneanotherprovokeddislocationandasuperficialandalienatingwayoflife.Thistendencytoidentifyasenseofcommunitywithparticularpatternsofsettlementandparticulargeographicallocationshasprovedtobeanimmenselyenduringone.AsWilliamsshows,itisatraditionthathaspenetratedlargeareasofourculture,includingourliterature,ouraesthetics,ourarchitectureandtownandcountryplanning,andevenoursocialscience.SuchatraditioncontinuestoactasafilterthroughwhichtherealityofurbanandrurallifeisconstantlybeinginterpreteD.Eventodaythereisatendencytoregardonlyruralvillagesasrealcommunitieswherewecanfindourroots,whilelifeincitiesisviewedasanecessaryeviltobeavoidedwheneverpossible.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Theeighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuryRomanticisminsistedthat（）.

3.Theword"emblematic"(ParA.1)mayhavethemeaningof（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,theconceptofcommunity（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.CommunityasCriticismofIndustrialSociety.

B.CommunityintheModernWorld

C.CommunityandChange

D.CommunityandtheSociologicalTradition.

问题2选项

A.modernindustrydestroyedpeople'sharmoniousrelationshipwithnature

B.theurbanlifeisanevilthoughthedevelopmentofindustryisnecessary

C.theycreatedtheconceptofcommunitytocometotermswiththemodernworld

D.theindustrialdevelopmentenrichedthelifeofurbaninhabitants

问题3选项

A.poor

B.pessimistic

C.symbolic

D.disastrous

问题4选项

A.isnotcreateduntiltherapidurbanizationandindustrializationoftheIndustrialRevolution

B.refersonlytotheidealofhumanandrusticlifeinthecountryside

C.isalsousedtoindicatethechangeofsocietystructurebyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincities

D.haschangedwhilechangeshavehappenedinthestructureofsociety

问题5选项

A.Theconflictbetweenurbanandrurallifehasbeenreflectedindifferentaspectsofourculture.

B.Theidealcommunitywilldisappearwiththescientificandtechnologicadvances.

C.Communitycanonlyexistinthepre-industrialsocietywhenpeoplearelesstaintedbythepursuitofself-interest

D.Theconsequencesofthelossofcommunityforthestabilityofsocietyarewidelyfearedbyeveryone.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文分析可知，本文第一段介绍了现代社会中社区丧失的表现。在第二段中可以定位到“TheIndustrialRevolutionwasbelievedtohavechangednotonlythestructureofsocietybyconcentratinglargenumbersofpeopleincitiesandinfactories,butalsothequalityoftherelationshipsuponwhichasenseofcommunityrested.”，中文翻译为：人们认为，工业革命不仅通过将大量人口集中在城市和工厂，而且改变了社会结构，而且改变了社区意识所依赖的关系的质量。后文也写到了城市工业化带来了社区的崩溃，以及城市和农村的矛盾等。综合考虑下，A选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。根据题干关键词eighteenth-and-nineteenth-centuryRomanticism可定位到文章“Thesejudgmentsweretypifiedbythepessimisticstrandofmucheighteenth-andnineteenth-centuryRomanticism,whichstressedtheunityofmanwithnature,opposedreasonwithsentimentandofferedthoroughgoingcriticismoftheemergingurban,industrialworld.”，中文翻译为：“这些判断的典型代表是18世纪和19世纪浪漫主义的悲观派，强调人与自然的统一，以情感反对理性，并对新兴的城市和工业世界进行彻底的批评。”以及“Sinceurbanindustrialismhadbroughtabreakdownofcommunityitfollowedthatrealcommunitiescouldnotexistinthenewindustrialcitiesbutonlyinthecountryside.Thevillagethereforecametoberegardedastheidealcommunity.Theromanticassertionoftheunitofmanwithnaturefounditscounterpartinanidyllicviewofrurallifeasconsistingofharmonyandvirtue.”，中文翻译为：由于城市工业化带来了社区的崩溃，因此，真正的社区不可能存在于新的工业城市，而只存在于农村。因此，乡村被认为是理想的社区。人与自然统一的浪漫主张在田园诗般的乡村生活中被认为是由和谐和美德构成的。可推断出A项“现代工业破坏了人与自然的和谐关系”正确。

3.词义猜测题。根据题干中关键字emblematic可以定位到文章第一段“Thescientificandtechnologicaladvancesofthenewagewerecontrastedwithman’sspiritualandemotionalimpoverishment,inwhichthelossofcommunitywastakenasemblematic.”，中文翻译为：新时代的科技进步与人类精神上和情感上的贫乏形成了鲜明的对比，在这种贫穷中，社区的丧失被视为象征。由语境可知，C项“象征性”正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词theconceptofcommunity可以定位到文章“Theconceptofcommunitywasusedinordertocometotermswiththisnewformofsociety.”，中文翻译为：为了适应这种新的社会形式，人们使用了社区的概念，因此D项“社会结构发生变化的时候，它也已经改变了”正确。

5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章“Outofthisperceptionthereemergedaverycommonliteraryandculturaltheme,fullyexploredbyRaymondWilliamsintwoofhisbooks,CultureandSocietyandTheCountryandtheCity(Williams,1961,1973).”，中文翻译为：从这种观念出发，出现了一个非常普遍的文学和文化主题，雷蒙德•烕廉姆斯在他的两本书《文化和社会》以及《国家和城市》(Williams，1961，1973)中充分探讨了这一主题。以及“AsWilliamsshows,itisatraditionthathaspenetratedlargeareasofourculture,includingourliterature,ouraesthetics,ourarchitectureandtownandcountryplanning,andevenoursocialscience.Suchatraditioncontinuestoactasafilterthroughwhichtherealityofurbanandrurallifeisconstantlybeinginterpreted.”，中文翻译为：正如烕廉斯所表明的那样，这是一种己经渗透到我们文化的很大领域的传统，包括我们的文学、美学、建筑和城乡规划，甚至我们的社会科学。这一传统继续充当一个过滤器，通过它不断解读城市和农村生活的现实。故答案为A“城市和农村生活之间的冲突反映在我们文化的不同方面”。

3.单选题

Afewcommonmisconceptions:Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One’sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon’tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.

Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnot-so-beautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirparents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,paidwell,andpromoted.

Onceagain,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpieties（虔诚）whileactingjustthecontrary.Theirtypicalexperimentworkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup-collegestudents,orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmangers—apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual’saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractiveperson,someanaverage-lookingcharacter,andsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.

Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,whatisbeautifulisgood.

Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessor,whoisanauthorityonthesubject,explains:Intermsoftheircareers,theimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendous,makingiteasier,forexample,forthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernote,though,thereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspire（追求）tomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.

1.Accordingtothepassage,peopleoftenwronglybelievethatinpursuingacareerasamanager_______.

2.Theresultofresearchcarriedoutbysocialscientistsshowthat______.

3.Experimentsbyscientistshaveshownthatwhenpeopleevaluateindividualsoncertainattributes________.

4.“Goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen”（Line1，Para.5）meansthat______.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthebusinessworld______.

问题1选项

A.aperson’spropertyordebtsdonotmattermuch

B.aperson’soutwardappearanceisnotacriticalqualification

C.womenshouldalwaysdressfashionably

D.womenshouldnotonlybeattractivebutalsohigh-minded

问题2选项

A.peopledonotrealizetheimportanceoflookingone’sbest

B.womeninpursuitofmanagerialjobsarenotlikelytobepaidwell

C.good-lookingwomenaspiretomanagerialpositions

D.attractivepeoplegenerallyhaveanadvantageoverthosewhoarenot

问题3选项

A.theyobservetheprinciplethatbeautyisonlyskin-deep

B.theydonotusuallyactaccordingtotheviewstheysupport

C.theygiveordinary-lookingpersonsthelowestratings

D.theytendtobasetheirjudgmentontheindividual’saccomplishments

问题4选项

A.attractivewomenhavetremendouspotentialimpactonpublicjobs

B.good-lookingwomenalwaysgetthebestofeverything

C.beingattractiveisnotalwaysanadvantageforwomen

D.attractivewomendonotdoaswellasunattractivewomeninmanagerialpositions

问题5选项

A.handsomemenarenotaffectedasmuchbytheirlooksasattractivewomenare

B.physicallyattractivewomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallydoquitewell

C.physicallyattractivemenandwomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallygetalongquitewell

D.goodlooksareimportantforwomenastheyareformen

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Afewcommonmisconceptions:Beautyisonlyskin-deep.”，可知很多人误解地认为美是肤浅的。后一句“Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.”，说明女性应该让自己看起来最好才是作者想要表达的正确观点。选项B符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第四段，“…thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.”，照片上的人越漂亮，评价就越高，说明外貌是一个优势。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据第三段，“thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpietieswhileactingjustthecontrary.”，说明我们嘴上说着虔诚的话，但是实际行动却是相反的，也就是不会根据自己支持的观点行事。选项B符合题意。

4.语义题。根据文章第五段，“…womenwhoaspiretomanagerialpositionsdonotgetonaswellaswomenwhomaybelessattractive.”说明有足够的研究表明外表有吸引力的女性不如外表没有吸引力的女性工作那么出色。所以外表并不总是能带来优势。选项C符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章最后一段，“Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.”，说明在事业中，外貌的吸引力对女性的影响大于男性。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

I’d______hisreputationwithotherfarmersandbusinesspeopleinthecommunity,andthenmakeadecisionaboutwhetherornottoapprovealoan.

问题1选项

A.makeupfor

B.makeout

C.takeintoaccount

D.accountfor

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项makeupfor“弥补”；B选项makeout“理解；竭力说”；C选项takeintoaccount“考虑”；D选项accountfor“解释；导致”。句意：我会______他在其他农民和企业家中的声誉，然后决定是否批准贷款。根据语境，这里指以声誉作为参考条件，C选项takeintoaccount“考虑”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Weneedachairman____.

问题1选项

A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidence

B.inwhomeveryonehasconfidence

C.whoeveryonehasconfidenceof

D.whomeveryonehasconfidenceon

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidence所有人都信任B.inwhomeveryonehasconfidence所有人都信任

C.whoeveryonehasconfidenceof所有人都信任D.whomeveryonehasconfidenceon所有人都信任

【答案】B

【考查点】定语从句与固定搭配

【解题思路】首先，使用confidence来表达“对某人有信心；信任某人”，其固定搭配为haveconfidenceinsb.；其次，“介词+which”引导定语从句时，介词的选择由从句中位于动词或形容词短语的搭配决定。因此，本题B选项inwhomeveryonehasconfidence“所有人都信任”符合要求。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项介词使用不当。

【句意】我们需要一个大家都信任的主席。

6.单选题

Heisproudofhischildrenthatheoften（）abouttheirsmallachievement.

问题1选项

A.exaggerates

B.asserts

C.boasts

D.toasts

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。exaggerate“夸大”；assert“断言”；boast“吹嘘”。exaggerate符合句意。本句意为“他为他的孩子们而感到骄傲，他经常夸大他们的小成就”，因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

Theelectricfandoesnotworkbecauseofthe（

）ofservice.

问题1选项

A.pause

B.break

C.interruption

D.breakdown

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于服务中止，所以电风扇不转了。

名词辨析。Pause暂停，间歇;break停顿，间歇;interruption中止，中断;breakdown损坏，故障。根据题目前半部分的信息可知theofservice这个部分应该表示“服务中止/中断”的意思，故答案选项为C。

8.单选题

ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.（1）inthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysintheheartofatown.Thisstreetwas（2）onbothsideswithmany（3）businesses.Here,shopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothing,furniture,hardware,andgroceries.（4）,someshopsoffer（5）.Theseshopsincludeddrugstores,restaurants,shoerepairstores,andbarberorhairdressingshops.（6）inthe1950s,achangebeganto（7）.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreet（8）toofewparkingplaceswere（9）shoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowded,merchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspaces（10）thecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircardrivingcustomersneeded.Andopenspaceiswhattheygot（11）thefirstshoppingcenterwasbuilt.Shoppingcenters,orrathermalls,（12）asacollectionofsmallnewstores（13）crowdedcitycentres.（14）byhundredsoffreeparkingspace,customersweredrawnawayfrom（15）areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing（16）ofshoppingcentresled（17）tothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.（18）thelate1970s,manyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe（19）ofonestopshopping,mallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks,（20）benches,fountains,andoutdoorentertainment.

问题1选项

A.Asearlyas

B.Early

C.Earlyas

D.Earlier

问题2选项

A.built

B.designed

C.intended

D.lined

问题3选项

A.varied

B.various

C.sorted

D.mixedup

问题4选项

A.Apartfrom

B.However

C.Inaddition

D.Aswell

问题5选项

A.medicalcare

B.food

C.cosmetics

D.services

问题6选项

A.Suddenly

B.Abruptly

C.Contrarily

D.But

问题7选项

A.betakingplace

B.takeplace

C.betakenplace

D.havetakenplace

问题8选项

A.while

B.yet

C.though

D.andthen

问题9选项

A.availablefor

B.availableto

C.usedby

D.readyfor

问题10选项

A.over

B.from

C.outof

D.outside

问题11选项

A.when

B.while

C.since

D.then

问题12选项

A.started

B.founded

C.setup

D.organized

问题13选项

A.outof

B.awayfrom

C.nextto

D.near

问题14选项

A.Attracted

B.Surprised

C.Delighted

D.Enjoyed

问题15选项

A.inner

B.central

C.shopping

D.downtown

问题16选项

A.distinction

B.fame

C.popularity

D.liking

问题17选项

A.on

B.inturn

C.byturns

D.further

问题18选项

A.By

B.During

C.In

D.Towards

问题19选项

A.cheapness

B.readiness

C.convenience

D.handiness

问题20选项

A.becauseof

B.and

C.with

D.provided

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:B

第10题:D

第11题:A

第12题:A

第13题:B

第14题:A

第15题:D

第16题:C

第17题:B

第18题:A

第19题:C

第20题:C

【解析】1.考查副词辨析。A选项Asearlyas“像……一样早的”；B选项Early“在初期”；C选项Earlyas“像……一样早”；D选项Earlier“早期的”。原文指的是“在20世纪初期”，所以选项B符合原文语境。

2.考查动词辨析。A选项build“建立，建造”；B选项design“设计”；C选项intend“打算，想要”；D选项line“排成一排”。根据原文可知，这里是说很多商店沿着街道排成一排，所以选项D符合语境。

3.考查形容词辨析。A选项varied“多变的”；B选项various“各种各样的”；C选项sorted“分类的”；D选项mixup“混淆，调和”。根据原文可知，这里是指各种各样的商店，所以选项B正确。

4.考查逻辑连词。A选项Apartfrom“除……之外”，后面必须接对象，不能单独使用；B选项However“然而”；C选项Inaddition“另外，此外”，可作为插入语使用；D选项Aswell“同样地，此外”，一般用于句尾。所以选项C正确。

5.考查名词辨析。A选项medicalcare“医疗护理”；B选项food“食物”；C选项cosmetics“装饰品”；D选项service“服务”。上文提到，商店提供各类商品，这里应该是提供服务，选项D符合语境。

6.考查上下文语义。A选项Suddenly“突然地”；B选项Abruptly“唐突地，硬生生地”；C选项Contrarily“相反地”；D选项But“但是”。根据原文可知，这里是指20世纪50年代发生了变化，前后形成转折的关系，所以选项D符合语境。

7.考查时态和语态。begintodosth.意为“开始做某事”，后接动词原形，且takeplace没有被动语态，所以只有选项B正确。

8.考查逻辑连词。A选项while“然而”，表对比；B选项yet“但是，然而”，表转折；C选项though“尽管”；D选项andthen“于是，然后”。前面提到了很多汽车，和后面很少的停车位形成了对比，所以选项A符合语境。

9.考查词组辨析。A选项availablefor“可用于……的”；B选项availableto“现有的”；C选项usedby“被……用来”；D选项readyfor“为……做好准备”。beavailableto意为“可被……利用，可得到的”，这里指的是“可供购物者使用的停车位太少”，所以选项B正确。

10.考查副词辨析。A选项over“在……之上”；B选项from“来自于”；C选项outof“在……外面”；D选项outside“在……范围之外”。根据原文可知，这里是指“商人们开始对城市界限范围外的空地感兴趣。”所以选项D更符合语境。

11.考查逻辑连词。根据句意“当第一个购物中心建成的时候，他们就获得了空地”，这里是一个时间状语从句，所以选项A符合语境。

12.考查动词辨析。A选项started“开始”；B选项founded“建立”；C选项setup“建立”；D选项organized“组织”。根据句意“购物中心，或者更确切地说，商场，最初是从一些小型新商店的集合开始（形成）的”，选项A符合语境。

13.考查上下文语义。结合上文语境可知，既然是城市界限范围之外的空地，应该是远离拥挤的城市中心，所以选项B符合语境。

14.考查动词辨析。A选项Attract“吸引”；B选项Surprise“使惊奇”；C选项Delight“使高兴”；D选项Enjoy“欣赏，享受”。根据句意可知，顾客应该是被免费的停车位所吸引，所以选项A符合语境。

15.考查上下文语义。A选项inner“内部的”；B选项central“中心的”；C选项shopping“购物”；D选项downtown“市区”。根据原文可知，这里指顾客们离开市区去到偏远的商场购物，所以选项D符合语境。

16.考查名词辨析。A选项distinction“区别，荣誉”；B选项fame“名声，威望”；C选项popularity“普及，流行，小有名气”；D选项liking“爱好，喜好”。根据原文可知，这里是指购物中心越来越受欢迎，甚至小有名气，所以选项C符合语境。

17.考查上下文语义。A选项leadonto“引导到”；B选项inturn“反过来”；C选项byturn“轮流”；D选项further“更远地”。根据句意“购物中心越来越受欢迎，这反过来又导致了更大、更好，库存充足的商店的建立。”选项B符合语境。

18.考查语法时态。根据后面的关键信息“hadalmostdeveloped”可知，句子时态为完成时，只有选项A符合要求。By+一段时间表示“到……的时候”。

19.考查名词辨析。A选项cheapness“廉价”；B选项readiness“敏捷，迅速”；C选项convenience“便利”；D选项handiness“轻便，灵巧”。根据原文可知，这里应该是提供一站式购物的便利，所以选项C符合语境。

20.考查连词辨析。根据句意“购物中心被改造成景观公园，配有长椅、喷泉和户外娱乐设施。”这里应该用with表伴随，选项C正确。

9.单选题

Theprincipleofarocketmotorissimple,（）rocketsareverycomplicatedmachines.

问题1选项

A.largebutwhichpowerful

B.butlarge,powerful

C.largealthoughpowerful

D.solarge,powerful

【答案】B

【解析】考查连词以及逻辑关系。由空格后rockets名词，以及给出的选项可知此处应填入形容词修饰名词。句意：火箭发动机的原理很简单，（）火箭是非常复杂的机器。前文的简单和后文的复杂形成对比，因为B选项正确。

10.单选题

Oneofthereasonsforhispopularityinourvillageisthathe（）almosteveryoneeverytimewhenhecomesbackfromthebigcity.

问题1选项

A.asksafter

B.runsfor

C.bringsup

D.takesafter

【答案】A

【解析】askafter探问,问候；runfor竞选；bringup提出；takeafter与…相像。句意：他在我们村里受欢迎的原因之一是,他几乎每次从大城市回来都会问候所有人。选项A符合语境。

11.单选题

Heclaimsthatadvertisingtodaytendstoportraywomenintraditionalrolessuchascookingortakingcareofthebaby.

问题1选项

A.depict

B.advocate

C.criticize

D.analyze

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：他声称，如今的广告倾向于将女性塑造成做饭或照顾孩子等传统角色。选项A与划线部分意思最为接近。

12.单选题

Intheir（）

thegroupsoldasmanyrecordsasalltheothergroupsinthecountryputtogether.

问题1选项

A.eulogy

B.heyday

C.summit

D.mundaneness

【答案】B

【解析】eulogy“颂词”；heyday“全盛期”；summit“顶点”；mundaneness“世俗，平凡”。句意：在他们的全盛时期，这个团队的销售量是本国其他所有团队的销售量总和。选项B符合题意。

13.单选题

Recentyearshavebroughtminority-ownedbusinessesintheUnitedStatesunprecedentedopportunities—aswellasnewandsignificantrisks.CivilrightsactivistshavelongarguedthatoneoftheprincipalreasonswhyBlacks,Hispanics,andotherminoritygroupshavedifficultyestablishingthemselvesinbusinessisthattheylackaccesstothesizableordersandsubcontractsthataregeneratedbylargecompanies.NowCongress,inapparentagreement,hasrequiredbylawthatbusinessesawardedfederalcontractsofmorethan$500,000dotheirbesttofindminoritysubcontractorsandrecordtheireffortstodosoonformsfiledwiththegovernment.Indeed,somefederalandlocalagencieshavegonesofarastosetspecificpercentagegoalsforapportioningpartsofpublicworkscontractstominorityenterprises.

Corporateresponseappearstohavebeensubstantial.Accordingtofigurescollectedin1977,thetotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesrosefrom$77millionin1972to$1.1billionin1977.Theprojectedtotalofcorporatecontractswithminoritybusinessesfortheearly1980’sisestimatedtobeover53billionperyearwithnoletupanticipatedinthenextdecade.Promisingasitisforminoritybusinesses,thisincreasedpatronageposesdangersforthem,too.First,minorityfirmsriskexpandingtoofastandoverextendingthemselvesfinancially,sincemostaresmallconcernsand,unlikelargebusinesses,theyoftenneedtomakesubstantialinvestmentsinnewplants,staff,equipment,andthelikeinordertoperformworksubcontractedtothem.If,thereafter,theirsubcontractsareforsomereasonreduced,suchfirmscanfacepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses.Theworldofcorporatepurchasingcanbefrustratingforsmallentrepreneurswhogetrequestsforelaborateformalestimatesandbids.Bothconsumevaluabletimeandresources,andasmallcompany’seffortsmustsoonresultinorders,orboththemoraleandthefinancialhealthofthebusinesswillsuffer.

AsecondriskisthatWhite-ownedcompaniesmayseektocashinontheincreasingapportionmentsthroughformationofjointventureswithminority-ownedconcerns.Ofcourse,inmanyinstancestherearelegitimatereasonsforjointventures;clearly,Whiteandminorityenterprisescanteamuptoacquirebusinessthatneithercouldacquirealone.ButcivilrightsgroupsandminoritybusinessownershavecomplainedtoCongressaboutminoritiesbeingsetupas“fronts”withWhitebacking,ratherthanbeingacceptedasfullpartnersinlegitimatejointventures.

Third,aminorityenterprisethatsecuresthebusinessofonelargecorporatecustomeroftenrunsthedangerofbecoming—andremaining—dependent.Eveninthebestofcircumstances,fiercecompetitionfromlarger,moreestablishedcompaniesmakesitdifficultforsmallconcernstobroadentheircustomerbases:whensuchfirmshavenearlyguaranteedordersfromasinglecorporatebenefactor,theymaytrulyhavetostruggleagainstcomplacencyarisingfromtheircurrentsuccess.

31.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.

32.Accordingtothepassage,civilrightsactivistsmaintainthatonedisadvantageunderwhichminority-ownedbusinesseshavetraditionallyhadtolaboristhattheyhave______.

33.Thepassagesuggeststhatthefailureofalargebusinesstohaveitsbidsforsubcontractsresultquicklyinordersmightcauseitto______.

34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,comparedwiththerequirementsoflaw,thepercentagegoalssetby“somefederalandlocalagencies”(inParagraph1)are______.

35.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostweakentheauthor’sassertionthat,inthe1970’s,corporateresponsetofederalrequirements(inParagraph2)wassubstantial?

问题1选项

A.presentacommonplaceideaanditsinaccuracies

B.describeasituationanditspotentialdrawbacks

C.proposeatemporarysolutiontoaproblem

D.exploretheimplicationsofafinding

问题2选项

A.beenespeciallyvulnerabletogovernmentalmismanagementoftheeconomy

B.beendeniedbankloansatratescomparabletothoseaffordedlargercompetitors

C.nothadsufficientopportunitytosecurebusinesscreatedbylargecorporations

D.nothadadequaterepresentationinthecentersofgovernmentpower

问题3选项

A.experiencefrustrationbutnotseriousfinancialharm

B.facepotentiallycripplingfixedexpenses

C.havetorecorditseffortsonformsfiledwiththegovernment

D.increaseitsspendingwithminoritysubcontractors

问题4选项

A.morepopularwithlargecorporations

B.morespecific

C.lesscontroversial

D.easiertocomplywith

问题5选项

A.Between1970and1972,corporatecontractswithminority-ownedbusinessesdeclinedby25percent.

B.Thefigurescollectedin1977underrepresentedtheextentofcorporatecontractswithminority-ownedbusinesses.

C.Theestimateofcorporatespendingwithminority-ownedbusinessesin1980isapproximately$10milliontoohigh.

D.The$1.1billionrepresentedthesamepercentageoftotalcorporatespendingin1977asdid$77millionin1972.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】31.【选项释义】

31.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto______.31.文章的主要目的是为了______。

A.presentacommonplaceideaanditsinaccuraciesA.提出一个老生常谈的观点及其不准确之处

B.describeasituationanditspotentialdrawbacksB.描述一种情况及其潜在的缺点

C.proposeatemporarysolutiontoaproblemC.对一个问题提出临时的解决方案

D.exploretheimplicationsofafindingD.探索一个发现的含义

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】文章的结构是总分结构；文章第一句是“近年来，美国的少数民族企业既面临前所未有的机遇，也面临新的重大风险”，可知文章讨论的主题是美国少数民族企业所面临的机遇和风险；文章第一段和第二段前半部分讨论的是机遇的一面，后面部分讨论的是少数民族企业面临的三个潜在风险；所以推断，文章的目的是为了描述少数民族企业所面临的机遇以及潜在的一些风险和缺陷，所以B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项中的inaccuracies并不符合原文中的risk，属于曲解原文；

C选项在原文并没有讨论所面临的风险的解决办法；

D选项没有提到，属于无中生有。

32.【选项释义】

32.Accordingtothepassage,civilrightsactivistsmaintainthatonedisadvantageunderwhichminority-ownedbusinesseshavetraditionallyhadtolaboristhattheyhave______.32.根据文章，民权运动人士认为，少数民族企业传统上不得不面对的一个不利条件是，他们______。

A.beenespeciallyvuln