考研考博-英语-吉林艺术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林艺术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Companiesspendmillionsofdollarsonadsandcommercials,tryingto（）theAmericanpublicintopurchasingtheirproducts.

问题1选项

A.misplace

B.mock

C.maneuver

D.manifest

【答案】C

【解析】misplace放错地方；mock嘲笑；maneuver调动,调遣；manifest证明,显示。句意：公司花费数百万美元在广告和商业上,试图调动美国民众购买他们的产品。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Manypeoplehavethe___abouttheblindanddeaf.

问题1选项

A.misconceptions

B.frustration

C.confession

D.acknowledgement

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项misconceptions“迷思概念；错误的想法”；B选项frustration“挫折”；C选项confession“忏悔；告解；供认；表白”；D选项acknowledgement“承认；确认；感谢”。句意：许多人对盲人和聋人有___。本句表达“对盲人和聋人有误解”，因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Thequalityofteachingshouldbemeasuredbythedegree______thestudents’potentialityisdeveloped.

问题1选项

A.ofwhich

B.withwhich

C.inwhich

D.towhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：教学质量应该以学生潜能的开发程度来衡量。横线及其后面部分是修饰degree的定语从句，根据固定搭配tothedegree确定用介词to，D选项towhich符合题意。因此D选项正确。

4.单选题

Tomwasaccusedof__________againstblackpersons,thatistosay,helooksdownuponthem.

问题1选项

A.discriminating

B.distinguishing

C.distressing

D.disguising

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。discriminating“歧视”；distinguishing“辨别，区分”;distressing“使痛苦，迫使”；disguising“掩饰，伪装”。句意：汤姆被指控歧视黑人，也就是说，他瞧不起他们。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Thecomputercanbeprogrammedto（

）awholevarietyoftasks.

问题1选项

A.assign

B.tackle

C.realize

D.solve

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。句意:计算机可以通过编程来各种各样的任务。

assign指派,分配;tackle处理;realize意识到;solve解决。故B项符合句意。

6.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Hefoundtherehadbeenlittleresearchontheirlanguage.

B.HewastryingtopreservethelanguagesoftheIndiantribes.

C.Hiscontactwithasocialworkerhadgreatlyarousedhisinterestinthetribe.

D.HismeetingwithGonzalezhadmadehimeagertolearnmoreaboutthetribe.

问题2选项

A.HetaughtCopelandtospeaktheTarahumaraslanguage.

B.HepersuadedtheTarahumarastoacceptCopeland’sgifts.

C.Herecommendedoneofhisbestfriendsasaninterpreter.

D.HeactedasanintermediarybetweenCopelandandthevillagers.

问题3选项

A.Unpredictable.

B.Unjustifiable.

C.Laborious.

D.Tedious.

问题4选项

A.Theirappreciationofhelpfromtheoutsiders.

B.Theirsenseofsharingandcaring.

C.Theirreadinesstoadapttotechnology.

D.Theirbeliefincreatingwealthforthemselves.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】PassageTwo

TheideatostudytheAmericanIndiantribe,Tarahumaras,cametoJamesCopelandin1984,[12]whenhediscoveredthatverylittleresearchhadbeendoneontheirlanguage.HecontactedatribememberthroughasocialworkerwhoworkedwiththetribesmeninMexico.Atfirst,thetribemember,namedGonzalez,wasveryreluctanttocooperate.HetoldCopelandthatnoamountofmoneycouldbuyhislanguage.ButafterCopelandexplainedtohimwhatheintendedtodowithhisresearchandhowitwouldbenefittheTarahumaras,Gonzalezagreedtohelp.[13]HetookCopelandtohisvillageandservedasanintermediary.Copelandsays:“Thankstohim,theTarahumarasunderstoodwhatourmissionwasandstartedtrustingus.”

[14]EnteringtheworldoftheTarahumarashasbeenalaboriousprojectforCopeland.Toreachthen-homelandhemustdrivetwoandahalfdaysfromHouston,Texas.Heloadsuphisvehiclewithgoodsthatthetribesmencan’teasilyget,andgivesgoodstothemasagestureoffriendship.TheTarahumaras,whodon’tbelieveinaccumulatingwealth,takethefoodandshareitamongthemselves.

ForCopeland,theexperiencehasnotonlybeenacademicallysatisfying,butalsohasenrichedhislifeinseveralways.“Iseepeoplerejectingtechnologyandlivingaveryhard,traditionallife,whichoffersmeanothernotionaboutthemeaningofprogressinthewesterntradition,”hesays.“IexperiencethesimplicityoflivinginnaturethatIwouldotherwiseonlybeabletoreadabout.[15]Iseealotofbeautyintheirsenseofsharingandconcernforeachother.

12.WhydidJamesCopelandwanttostudytheAmericanIndiantribeTarahumaras?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问的是JamesCopeland研究美洲印第安部落塔拉乌马拉人（Tarahumaras）的原因。录音开头提到，他发现对塔拉乌马拉人的语言进行的研究很少，于是产生了研究该部落的念头，A选项“他发现对他们语言的研究几乎没有”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。B选项“他正努力保护印第安人部落的语言”在录音中并未提及；C选项“他与一名社会工作者的接触极大地激发了他对该部落的兴趣”，利用录音中出现的asocialworker设置干扰，录音说的是他通过一名社会工作者与部落的成员取得了联系，是研究该部落的一种渠道而不是研究该部落的原因，因此可排除；D选项“与Gonzalez的会面使他渴望更多地了解这个部落”，录音中提及Copeland与Gonzalez的会面是发生在他产生了研究兴趣之后，因此也可排除。

13.HowdidGonzalezhelpJamesCopeland?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问Gonzalez是如何帮助Copeland的？录音中提到，Gonzalez带Copeland去了他所在的村落，并充当了中间人，D选项“他在Copeland和村民之间扮演着中间人的角色”符合录音原文的表述，因此正确。A选项“他教Copeland说塔拉乌马拉人的语言”和C项“他推荐他的一位好朋友当翻译”在录音中均没有信息提及；B选项“他劝服塔拉乌马拉人接受Copeland的礼物”，录音只说了塔拉乌马拉人接受了礼物，并与大家一起分享，并没有提及他们是否在Gonzalez的劝说下才接受礼物，因此B选项也可排除。

14.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutJamesCopeland’striptotheTarahumarasvillage?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话者对JamesCopeland的塔拉乌马拉人村落之旅的看法。录音提到，对Copeland而言，进入塔拉乌马拉人的世界是一项艰苦的任务（alaboriousproject），因此C选项“艰苦的，费劲的”正确。A选项“不可预知的”；B选项“不合理的”和D选项“乏味的”在录音中均没有信息提及。

15.WhatimpressesJamesCopelandabouttheTarahumarastribe?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问塔拉乌马拉部落给Copeland留下深刻印象的是什么？录音结尾提到，Copeland从他们互相分享和关心中看到了很多美好，因此B选项“他们的分享和关心”正确。A选项“他们对外来者的帮助表示感激”，录音中没有提及；C选项“他们乐于适应科技”，录音中提到的是（塔拉乌马拉部落的）人们拒绝科技（rejectingtechnology），因此C选项不正确；D选项“他们为自己创造财富的信仰”，录音中提及塔拉乌马拉人不崇尚积累财富（whodon’tbelieveinaccumulatingwealth），因此D选项也不正确。

7.单选题

Theshipswerefoundtobeunsuitablefortheconditionsinwhichtheyhadsupposedlybeen

A

B

C

D

adapted.

问题1选项

A.tobe

B.unsuitable

C.unsuitable

D.supposedly

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词搭配。C选项为“介词+which”引导的定语从句，adaptto（适应）为固定搭配，此处将介提前，因此用介词to。

试题答案：C;towhich

8.单选题

Theenergycontainedinrockwithintheearth’scrustrepresentsanearlyunlimitedenergysource,butuntilrecentlycommercialretrievalhasbeenlimitedtoundergroundhotwaterand/orsteamrecov-rysystems.Thesesystemshavebeendevelopedinareasofrecentvolcanicactivity,wherehighratesfheatflowcausevisibleeruptionofwaterintheformofgeysersandhotsprings.Inotherareas,owever,hotrockalsoexistsnearthesurfacebutthereisinsufficientwaterpresenttoproduceerup-ivephenomena.Thusapotentialhotdryrock(HDR)reservoirexistswhenevertheamountofspon-aneouslyproducedgeothermalfluidhasbeenjudgedinadequateforexistingcommercialsystems.

Asaresultofrecentenergycrisis,newconceptsforcreatingHDRrecoverysystems—whichin-olvedrillingholesandconnectingthemtoartificialreservoirsplaceddeepwithinthecrust—arebe-ngdeveloped.InallattemptstoretrieveenergyfromHDRs,artificialstimulationwillberequiredtoreateeithersufficientpermeabilityorboundedflowpathstofacilitatetheremovalofheatbycircula-ionofafluidoverthesurfaceoftherock.

TheHDRresourcebaseisgenerallydefinedtoincludecrustalrockthatishotterthan150°C,istdepthslessthantenkilometers,andcanbedrilledwithpresentlyavailableequipment.Althoughellsdeeperthantenkilometersaretechnicallyfeasible,prevailingeconomicfactorswillobviouslyeterminethecommercialfeasibilityofwellsatsuchdepths.Rocktemperaturesaslowas100oCmayeusefulforspaceheating；however,forproducingelectricity,temperaturesgreaterthan200°Careesirable.

Thegeothermalgradient,whichspecificallydeterminesthedepthofdrillingrequiredtoreachaesiredtemperature,isamajorfactorintherecoverabilityofgeothermalresources.Temperaturegra-ientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssocia-ionofPetroleumGeologistssuggestthattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrossheUnitedStates.(Therearemanyareas,however,forwhichnotemperaturegradientrecordsex-st.)

IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperatureradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.?softo-alenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates.fweconservativelyestimatethatonlyabout0.2percentisrecoverable,wefindatotalofallthecoalemainingintheUnitedStates.Theremainingproblemistobalancetheeconomicsofdeeper,hotter,orecostlywellsandshallower,cooler，lessexpensivewellsagainstthevalueofthefinalproduct,e-ectricityand/orheat.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto().

2.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina()

3.Accordingthepassage,anaveragegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthcanbeusedto()

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheavailabilityoftemperature-depthrecordsforanyspe-cificareaintheUnitedStatesdependsprimarilyonthe().

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.alertreaderstotheexistenceofHDRsasanavailableenergysource

B.documentthechallengesthathavebeensurmountedintheefforttorecoverenergyfromHDRs

C.warntheusersofcoalandoilthatHDRsarenotaneconomicallyfeasiblealternative

D.encouragetheuseofnewtechniquesfortherecoveryofenergyfromundergroundhotwaterandsteam

问题2选项

A.petrologicalresearchreportfocusedonthehistoryoftemperature-depthrecordsintheUnitedStates

B.congressionalreporturgingtheconservationofoilandnaturalgasreservesintheUnitedStates

C.technicaljournalarticleconcernedwiththerecoverabilityofnewlyidentifiedenergysources

D.consumerreportdescribingtheextentandaccessibilityofremainingcoalresources

问题3选项

A.balancetheeconomicsofHDRenergyretrievalagainstthatofundergroundhotwaterorsteamrecoverysystems

B.determinetheamountofenergythatwillbeusedforspaceheatingintheUnitedStates

C.providecomparisonsbetweenhotwaterandHDRenergysourcesinUnitedStates

D.estimatethetotalHDRresourcebaseintheUnitedStates

问题4选项

A.possibilitythatHDRsmaybefoundinthatarea

B.existenceofpreviousattemptstoobtainoilorgasinthatarea

C.historyofsuccessfulhotwaterorsteamrecoveryeffortsinthatarea

D.failureofinhabitantstoconserveoilgasreservesinthatarea

问题5选项

A.EnergyfromWaterSources:TheFeasibilityofCommercialSystems

B.GeothermalEnergyRetrieval:VolcanicActivityandHotDryRocks

C.EnergyUnderground:GeothermalSourcesGiveWaytoFossilFuels

D.TappableEnergyforAmerica’sFuture:HotDryRocks

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.最后一段指出：IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge（HDR能源基础是巨大的）。A项“提醒读者HDR可作为可利用能源”符合文意。

2.本文旨在提醒读者HDR可作为可利用能源。所以，这篇文章可能出现在C项“关于新发现能源可恢复性的技术期刊”上。

3.根据题干关键词“averagegeothermalgradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepth”定位至最后一段：IndicationsarethattheHDRresourcebaseisverylarge.Ifanaveragegeothermaltemperaturegradientof22°Cperkilometerofdepthisused,astaggering13,000,000quadrillionB.T.U.’softotalenergyarecalculatedtobecontainedincrustalrocktoaten-kilometerdepthintheUnitedStates（迹象表明，HDR的能源库巨大。如果按每公里深度的地热梯度平均为22摄氏度计算，可以得出美国1万公里深度的地壳岩石中所包含的总能源。）D项“estimatethetotalHDRresourcebase”符合文意。

4.第四段指出：“Temperaturegradientmapsgeneratedfromoilandgaswelltemperature-depthrecordskeptbytheAmericanAssociationofPetroleumGeologistssuggest

thattappablehigh-temperaturegradientsaredistributedallacrosstheUnitedStates.”B项“该地区先前试图获取燃油和天然气”符合文意。

5.本文讲述了HDR能源的发现及应用前景，通篇的关键词为HDR。D项最适合做文章的标题。

9.单选题

Tworelativelyrecentindependentdevelopmentstandbehindthecurrentmajorresearch

effortonnitrogenfixation,(固氮)theprocessbywhichbacteriasymbioticallyrenderleguminous(豆科的)plantsindependentofnitrogenfertilizer,onedevelopmenthasbeentherapid,sustainedincreaseinthepriceofnitrogenfertilizer.Theotherdevelopmenthasbeentherapidgrowthofknowledgeofandtechnicalsophisticationingeneticengineering.Fertilizerprices,largelytiedtothepriceofnaturalgas，hugeamountsofwhichgointothemanufactureoffertilizer,willcontinuetorepresentanenormousandescalating,economicburdenonmodemagriculture,spurringthesearchforalternativestosynthetic(合成的)fertilizers.Andgeneticengineeringisjustthesortoffundamentalbreakthroughthatopensupprospectsofwhollynovelalternatives.Onesuchnovelideaisthatofinsertingintothechromosomes(染色体)ofplantsdiscretegenesthatarenotapartoftheplants’naturalconstitution:specifically,theideaofinsertingintononleguminousplantsthegenes,iftheycanbeidentifiedandisolated,thatfittheleguminousplantstobehostsfornitrogen-fixingbacteria.

Nitrogenfixationisaprocessinwhichcertainbacteriauseatmosphericnitrogengas,whichgreenplantcannotdirectlyutilize,toproduceammonia(氨)anitrogencompoundplantscanuse.Itisoneofnature’sgreatironiesthattheavailabilityofnitrogeninthesoilfrequentlysetsanupperlimitonplantgrowtheventhoughtheplants’sleavesarebathedinaseaofnitrogengas.Theleguminousplantsamongthemcropplantssuchassoybeans,peas,alfalfa,andclover-havesolvedthenitrogensupplyproblembyenteringintoasymbiotic(共生的)relationshipwiththebacterialgenusRhizobium(根瘤菌);asamatteroffact,thereisaspecificstrainofRhizobiumforeachspeciesoflegume.Thehostplantsuppliesthebacteriawithfoodandaprotectedhabitatandreceivessurplusammoniainexchange.Hence,legumescanthriveinnitrogendepletedsoil.

Unfortunatelymostofthemajorfoodcropsincludingmaize,wheat,rice,andpotatoescannot.Onthecontrary,manyofthehigh-yieldinghybrid(杂种的)varietiesofthesefoodcropsbredduringtheGreenRevolutionofthe1960’swereselectedspecificallytogivehighyieldsinresponsetogenerousapplicationsofnitrogenfertilizer.Thisposesanadditionalformidablechallengetoplantgeneticists:theymustworkonenhancingfixationwithintheexistingsymbioses.Unlesstheysucceed,theyieldgainsoftheGreenRevolutionwillbelargelylostevenifthegenesinlegumesthatequipthoseplantstoenterintoasymbiosiswithnitrogenfixersareidentifiedandisolated,andevenifthetransferofthosegenecomplexes,oncetheyarefound,becomespossible.Theoveralltasklooksforbidding,butthestakesaretoohighnottoundertakeit.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereiscurrentlynostrainofRhizobiumthatcanenterintoasymbiosiswith（

）.

3.ThepassageimplieswhichofthefollowingistrueofthebacterialgenusRhizobium?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingwasthemostinfluentialfactorinbringingaboutintensifiedresearchonnitrogenfixation?

5.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostcloselyanalogoustothesituationdescribedbytheauthorasoneofnature’sgreatironies.(thesentenceinitalicsinparagraph2)

6.Accordingtothepassage,theultimategoalofthecurrentresearchonnitrogenfixationistodevelop（

）.

7.Theauthorregardstheresearchprogramunderdiscussionas（

）.

8.Mostnearlyparallel,initsfundamentalapproach,totheresearchprogramdescribedinthepassagewouldbeaprogramdesignedto（

）

问题1选项

A.exposethefragilenatureofthefoundationsonwhichthehighyieldofmodemagriculturerest.

B.arguethatgeneticengineeringpromisestoleadtoevenhigheryieldsthanareachievablewithsyntheticfertilizers.

C.arguethatthecapacityfornitrogen-fixingsymbiosesistransferabletononleguminousplants.

D.explainthereasonsforandtheobjectivesofcurrentresearchonnitrogen—fixingsymbioses.

问题2选项

A.alfalfa

B.clover

C.maize

D.peas

问题3选项

A.Rhizobiumbacteriaarefoundprimarilyinnitrogen-depletedsoils.

B.SomestrainsofRhizobiumarenotcapableofenteringintoasymbiosiswithanyplant

C.Rhizobiumbacteriaproducesomeammoniafortheirownpurposes.

D.Rhizobiumbacteriacannotsurviveoutsidetheprotectedhabitatprovidedbyhostplants.

问题4选项

A.thehighyieldoftheGreenRevolution

B.thepersistentupwardsurgeinnaturalgasprices.

C.thevarietyofRhizobiumstrains.

D.themechanizationofmodemagriculture

问题5选项

A.Thatofafarmerwhosecropshavefailedbecausethenormalmidseasonrainsdidnotmaterializeandnopreparationsforirrigationhadbeenmade.

B.Thatofalong——distancerunnerwholosesamarathonracebecauseofawrongturnthatcosthimtwentyseconds.

C.Thatofshipwreckedsailorsatseainalifeboat,withoneflaskofdrinkingwatertoshareamongthem.

D.Thatofamotoristwhorunsoutofgasamerefivemilesfromthenearestgasstation.

问题6选项

A.strainsofRhizobiumthatcanenterintosymbioseswithexistingvarietiesofwheat,rice,andothernonleguumes

B.strainsofRhizobiumthatproducemoreammoniaforleguminoushostplantsthandoanyofthestrainspresentlyknown

C.varietiesofwheat,rice,andothernonlegumesthatyieldasmuchasdoexistingvarieties,butrequirelessnitrogen

D.varietiesofwheat,rice,andothernonlegumesthatmaintainanadequatesymbioticrelationshipwithnitrogen-fixingbacteriaandproducehighyield

问题7选项

A.originalandextensivebutill-definedastomethod

B.necessaryandambitiousbutvulnerabletofailure

C.cogentandworthwhilebutseverelyunderfunded

D.prohibitivelyexpensivebutconceptuallyelegant

问题8选项

A.achievegreaterfrostresistanceinfrosttenderfoodplantsbymeansofselectivebreeding,therebyexpandingthoseplantareaofcultivation

B.Achievegreateryieldfromfoodplantsbyinterplantingcropplantsthataremutuallybeneficial.

C.Findinginexpensiveandabundantnaturalsubstancesthatcouldwithoutreducingyields,besubstitutedforexpensivesyntheticfertilizes

D.Changethegeneticmakeupoffoodplantsthatcannotliveinwaterwithhighsalinity,usinggenesfromplantadaptedtoslotwater.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开篇解释了由于化肥价格上涨以及遗传工程学技术增强，让研究者加大对固氮作用的研究，这是原因。后面紧接着讲到研究的具体内容以及将要实现的目标。所以D选项“解释研究固氮作用的原因以及研究的目标”符合题意。

2.细节判断题。文章第二段末尾处提到“soybeans，peas,alfalfa,andclover”可以与根瘤菌实现共生关系。第三段开始处使用“Unfortunately”表转折，“maize,wheat,rice,andpotatoescannot.”此处的cannot紧着上文的逻辑，指无法和根瘤菌实现共生，所以C选项正确。

3.语义理解题。根据文章第二段末尾“asamatteroffact,thereisaspecificstrainofRhizobiumforeachspeciesoflegume.Thehostplantsuppliesthebacteriawithfoodandaprotectedhabitatandreceivessurplusammoniainexchange.Hence,legumescanthriveinnitrogendepletedsoil.事实上，对于每一种豆类植物而言都存在一种特定的根瘤菌，寄主植物为根瘤菌提供食物以及一个充分保护的栖息处，而作为交换手段，将剩余的氨接过来。这样，豆科植物在氨肥缺失的土壤中仍能茂盛生长。确定B选项“根瘤菌自身创造氨肥”符合题意。A选项作者没有提及根瘤菌最初发现的地点，B项与文章意思相悖，D选项根瘤菌虽然和寄生植物是共生关系，但文章没有提及根瘤菌的细菌离开寄生植物就无法生存。

4.细节判断题。文章第一段提到由于化肥的价格很大程度上和天然气的价格相关，天然气的价格上涨直接导致肥料价格上涨，给现代农业带来了巨额并给不断上升的经济带来负担，直接刺激人们去寻找可替代的合成肥料。而遗传工程学的进步为寻找替代肥料创造了良好的条件。所以B选项“持续上涨的天然气价格”正确。

5.语义理解题。文章第二段提到“Itisoneofnature’sgreatironiesthattheavailabilityofnitrogeninthesoilfrequentlysetsanupperlimitonplantgrowtheventhoughtheplants’sleavesarebathedinaseaofnitrogengas.这真是大自然最大的讽刺，通常土壤中的氮限制了植物的生长，然而植物的叶子却生活在氮气的海洋中。”其意思是大气是有78%和22%的氧气构成，植物的叶子无法吸收氮气并转化成肥料，却要依靠土壤中十分有限的氮肥。C选项中‘遭遇海难的船员在救生艇上生存，尽管周围就是大海，却只有最后一瓶可饮用的水来维持生存’与文章意思相符，所以正确。

6.文章大意题。全文解释到对固氮作用的研究就是指分析豆科植物现有固氮作用，实现非豆类植物通过改变染色体基因，从而实现固氮作用，提高产量。B,C项与文章意思不符。A项是目标，但是不是最终目标。D选项‘小麦、水稻和其他非豆科植物的品种，与固氮细菌保持着充分的共生关系，产量高’符合题意。

7.作者观点题。文章最后一段末尾处，作者提到整项任务如此艰巨，令人望而生畏。但是收益之高让研究者不惜面对失败要勇于尝试。B选项‘必要且雄心勃勃，但容易失败’符合题意。

8.语义理解题。此题的题意是“根据研究的基本方法，与文中的研究最为相近的是下列哪一个”。根据文章可知，对于固氮作用的研究的基本方法是通过对非豆类植物染色体内注入一个部分不相关联的基因，倘若这些基因可被辨识并被分离，则这些基因则可以宜于充当那些具备固氮作用的细菌的寄主。D选项“改变粮食作物的基因，使其原本无法在高盐度的水中生存，现在可以适应在蓄水槽中生存。”更接近文意，正确。

10.单选题

Facing-portindustryhasbecomethebasicpillarofeconomicstrengthindevelopedcountriesandpromotedtheformationofinternationalproduction.

问题1选项

A.circumstance

B.motivation

C.backbone

D.initiative

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.circumstance条件，环境B.motivation动力

C.backbone支柱，骨干，基础D.initiative主动性，积极性

【答案】C

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】pillar的意思为“核心，基础，支柱”，临港工业是发达国家经济实力的基本核心，backbone与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】临港工业已成为发达国家经济实力的基本支柱，促进了国际化大生产方式的形成。

11.单选题

Ininternationalbankingtoday,abankmusthaveadeep（

）intointernationalfinancialmarkets.

问题1选项

A.idea

B.understanding

C.knowledge

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在当今的国际银行业，一个银行必须对国际金融市场有深入的洞察。idea“观点；主意”；understanding“理解”；knowledge“知识”；insight“洞察力”。根据句意，选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Shouldyoubreaktheruleagainststaringatastrangeronanelevator,youwillmaketheotherperson（）uncomfortable,andyouarelikelytofeelabitstrangeyourself.

问题1选项

A.opulently

B.excessively

C.consistently

D.exceedingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。opulently“富裕地，丰裕地”；excessively“过分地，极度”,强调的是超过合理范围的；consistently“一贯地，一致地”；exceedingly“极其，非常”，相当于very。句意：如果你在电梯里盯着陌生人看，你会让别人极其不舒服，并且你自己也会觉得很奇怪。选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

Theanalysissuggeststhatthetradeoffbetweenourchildren’scollegeandourownretirementsecurityischilling.

问题1选项

A.frightening

B.promising

C.freezing

D.revealing

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。chilling指令人寒心的，使人恐惧的。选项A与之意思相近，正确。

14.单选题

Duringthe1960’sand1970’s,theprimaryeconomicdevelopmentstrategyoflocalgovernmentsintheUnitedStateswastoattractmanufacturingindustries.Unfortunately,thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense:manymanufacturingfacilitieswereluredawayfromtheirmooringselsewherethroughtaxincentivesandslickpromotionalefforts.Throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy.

Inthe1980’sthestrategyshiftedfromthiszero-sumgametoonecalled“high-technologydevelopment,”inwhichlocalgovernmentscompetedtoattractnewlyformedhigh-technologymanufacturingfirms.Althoughthisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs,italsohaditsshortcomings:high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce,andtheresimplyarenotenoughhigh-techfirmstosatisfyallgeographicareas.

Recently,localgovernmentshaveincreasinglycometorecognizetheadvantagesofyetathirdstrategy:thepromotionofhomegrownsmallbusinesses.Smallindigenousbusinessesarecreatedbyanearlyubiquitousresource,localentrepreneurs,withrootsintheircommunities,theseindividualsarelesslikelytobeenticedawaybyincentivesofferedbyanothercommunity.Indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship.

1.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthemajorityofUnitedStatesmanufacturingindustriesbeforethehigh-technologydevelopmenteraofthe1980’s?

2.Thetoneofthepassagesuggeststhattheauthorismostoptimisticabouttheeconomicdevelopmentpotentialofwhichofthefollowinggroups?

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasanadvantageofhigh-technologydevelopment?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theylostmanyoftheirmostinnovativepersonneltosmallentrepreneurialenterprises.

B.Theyexperiencedamajordeclineinprofitsduringthe1690’sand1970’s.

C.Theycouldproviderealeconomicbenefitstotheareasinwhichtheywerelocated.

D.Theyemployedworkerswhohadnospecializedskills.

问题2选项

A.Localgovernments

B.High-technologypromoters

C.Localentrepreneurs

D.Manufacturing-industrymanagers

问题3选项

A.Itencouragesthemodernizationofexistingmanufacturingfacilities.

B.Itdoesnotadvantageonelocalworkforceattheexpenseofanother.

C.Itencouragesthegrowthofrelatedindustries.

D.Ittakesfulladvantageoftheexistingworkforce.

问题4选项

A.Advocatemoreeffectivestrategiesforencouragingthedevelopmentofhigh—technologyenterprisesintheUnitedStates.

B.Contrasttheincentivesforeconomicdevelopmentofferedbylocalgovernmentswiththoseofferedbytheprivatesector.

C.Acknowledgeandcounteradversecriticismofprogramsbeingusedtostimulatelocaleconomicdevelopment.

D.Reviewandevaluatestrategiesandprogramsthathavebeenusedtostimulateeconomicdevelopment.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到第一段中“thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense这种策略通常是实现另一个社区的代价,”以及“throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy通过这种做法带来的就业和相关收入的转移，一个城镇的胜利可能成为另一个城镇的悲剧”，可知，在八十年代以前，经济的发展都是本地化的，只能为自己所在的社区带来经济利益。C项“它们可以为它们所处的地区提供真正的经济利益。”正确。

2.细节事实题。定位到第二段“high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce高科技制造企业只雇佣了一小部分受过专门训练的制造劳动力”，以及第三段“indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship本土产业和人才被留在国内，创造了一个既提供就业又促进进一步创业的环境”。可知作者是对本土的企业持有比较乐观的态度。

3.细节事实题。定位到第二段“thisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs这种办法比夺走其他地理地区的工作而使其受害要好”可知与B项“它不会牺牲一个当地劳动力的利益而使另一个劳动力受益。”相符。

4.主旨大意题。文章主要目的在于通过讲解三种不同的经济发展策略，告诉读者哪种发展策略优势比较明显，同时三种发展策略对经济有哪些好的促进作用。故D项“审查和评估用于刺激经济发展的战略和方案。”符合题意。

15.翻译题

在日常生活中，力似乎是靠“直接接触”（directcontact）来传递的。

【答案】Indailylife,powerseemstobetransferredbydirectcontact.

16.单选题

A（）,hewasprobablyoneofthemostrealisticwritersofhisday.

问题1选项

A.self-confessingromantic

B.self-confessedromance

C.self-confessingromance

D.self-confessedromantic

【答案】D

【解析】考查词性辨析。self-confessing无此用法，排除A和C选项；self-confessed“自认为的”。根据后半句可知选项的重心是描述一个人，因此选择romantic“浪漫的人”，而romance“传奇，浪漫史，冒险故事”不符合句意。因此D选项符合题意。

17.单选题

We'restill（

）thingshere,butIcan'tguaranteethesituationwillstaythatway.

问题1选项

A.inmemoryof

B.insearchof

C.incontrolof

D.inneedof

【答案】C

【解析】A选项“纪念”；B选项“寻找，搜寻”；C选项“控制，管理”；D选项“需要”，根据句意‘我们仍然在控制这里的一切，但我不能保证这个情况会这样持续下去’确定C选项正确。

18.单选题

CreditingallgoodtoMr.Obama’sleadershipandallbadtoRepublicanobstructionism,asMr.Cassidydoes,maynotbeentirelyhonest,butitdoeshavetheconsiderablevirtueoffreeingMr.ObamaoftheburdenofrunningasafecklesswimpstymiedbyRepublicanbullying.

问题1选项

A.obstructed

B.quipped

C.grunge

D.wrecked

【答案】A

【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项obstructed“阻塞，妨碍，遮住”；B选项quipped“嘲弄，讥讽”；C选项grunge“（仅为名词）蹩脚货，乏味的东西，难看的东西”；D选项wrecked“破坏，毁灭，（使）船舶失事，（使）遭遇沉船，毁船打劫，遭遇（船舶）失事，拆除”。句意：像卡西迪那样，把所有的好事都归功于奥巴马的领导，把所有的坏事都归功于共和党的阻挠，这可能不是完全诚实的，但它确实有相当大的好处，让奥巴马摆脱了竞选时被共和党的欺凌所束缚的软弱无能的负担。Stymy“阻挠，妨碍”，A选项与该词意思最相近，因此A选项正确。

19.单选题

Thefutureofthiscompanyi