考研考博-英语-四川城市职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川城市职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thattradeprotectionhurtstheeconomyofthecountrythatimposesitisoneoftheoldestbutstillmoststartlinginsightseconomicshastooffer.Theideadatesbacktotheoriginofeconomicscienceitself.AdamSmith’sTheWealthofNations,whichgavebirthtoeconomics,alreadycontainedtheargumentforfreetrade:byspecializinginproductioninsteadofproducingeverything,eachnationwouldprofitfromfreetrade.Ininternationaleconomicsitisthedirectcounterparttotheideathatpeoplewithinanationaleconomywillbebetteroffiftheyspecializeatwhattheydobestinsteadoftryingtobeself-sufficient

Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweenthecasesforfreetradeforoneselfandthecaseforfreetradeforall.Theformerisanargumentforfreetradetoimproveonenation’sownwelfare(the"national-efficiency”argument).Thelatterisanargumentforfreetradetoimproveeverytradingcountry'swelfare(the"cosmopolitan-efficiency"argument).

Underlyingbothcasesistheassumptionthatfreemarketsdetermineprices,butgovernmentsmaydistortmarketpricesby,forexample,subsidizingproductionorgovernmentsmayprotectintellectualpropertyinadequately,causingunderproductionofnewknowledge.

Thecosmopolitan-efficiencycaseforfreetradeisrelevanttoquestionssuchasthedesignofinternationaltraderegimes.Thenational-efficiencycaseforfreetradeconcernsnationaltradepolicies;itis,infact,AdamSmith'scaseforfreetrade.Economiststypicallyhavethenational-efficiencycaseinmindwhentheytalkoftheadvantageoffreetradeandofthefollyofprotectionism.

ThetradepolicyoftheUnitedStatestodayispremisedonadifferentassessment:thatindeedU.S.marketscan,andshould,beclosedasameansofopeningnewmarketsabroad.Thispremiseunderliessections301through310ofthe1988OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct.Theseprovisionspermit,andsometimesevenrequire,theU.S.governmenttoforceothercountriesintoacceptingnewtradeobligationsbythreateningtariffretaliationiftheydonot.Butthose”tradeobligations"donotalwaysentailfreetrade.Theycan,forinstance,taketheformofvoluntaryquotasonexportsofcertaingoodstotheUnitedStates.Thus,theymaysimplyforceweaknationstoredirecttheirtradeinwaysthatstrongnationsdesire,cuttingawayattheprinciplethattradeshouldbeguidedbymarketprices.Mucheconomicanalysisshowsthatinthepast20yearsU.S."fairtrade"mechanismsturnedincreasinglyintoprotectionistinstrumentsusedunfairlyagainstforeigncompetition.

1.Theauthormentionsthatit’strueofAdamSmiththathearguedthat（

）.

2.Thenational-efficiencyandthe“cosmopolitan-efficiency”argumentrestontheassumptionthat（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTtheargumentthat（

）.

4.Theauthorismostcriticalof（

）.

5.Thebeststatementtosummarizetheauthor'sargumentwouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.protectionismininternationaltradewasbad.

B.specializationwasgood,whichledotherstoadvocatefreetrade.

C.dueto“cosmopolitan-efficiency”freetradewasdesirable

D.freetrademustalsobefairtrade.

问题2选项

A.freetradeallowsforselfsufficiency.

B.pricesarethesameineachtradingnation

C.marketproductioniscompletelyunregulatedbythegovernments.

D.pricesaren’tbeingaffectedbygovernments’policies.

问题3选项

A.theU.S.hasnotadheredtotheprincipleoffreetradeinpractice.

B.theU.S.oftenusesthethreatofpunishmentforitsownadvantage.

C.voluntaryquotasaredesirablealternativestoprotectionism.

D."Fairtrade”policiesareoftenjustdisguisedformsofprotectionism.

问题4选项

A.the"nationalefficiency"argument.

B.the"cosmopolitanefficiency"argument.

C.thegovernmentoftheU.S.

D.the1988OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct.

问题5选项

A.freetradeisdesirablebutitstheoryisnotgenerallyaccepted.

B.UStradepolicygoesagainstthewisdomofeconomists.

C.protectionismisfollyforanumberofreasons.

D.theU.S.isbeingunfairinitsforeignpolicies.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。第一段指出：...alreadycontainedtheargumentforfreetrade:byspecializinginproductioninsteadofproducingeverything,eachnationwouldprofitfromfreetrade(专营某一类产品而不是所有的产品，每个国家都将会从自由贸易中获利)。

2.细节题。第三段指出:Underlyingbothcasesistheassumptionthatfreemarketsdetermineprices(以上两种是基于自由市场决定价格这一假设)。

3.细节题。文章最后一句话：Mucheconomicanalysisshowsthatinthepast

20yearsU.S."fairtrade"mechanismsturnedincreasinglyintoprotectionistinstrumentsusedunfairlyagainstforeigncompetition(过去20年间，美国所谓的“公平贸易”机制已日益转变为美国实施不公平外贸竞争的保护工具。故可知A项(美国在实践中没有坚持自由贸易原则)、D项(公平贸易政策往往只是伪装成保护主义的形式)符合文章内容，排除。第四段：...theU.S.governmenttoforceothercountriesintoacceptingnewtradeobligationsbythreateningtariffretaliationiftheydonot...美国通过恐吓式的关税报复方式，迫使其他国家接受其新的贸易政策。由此可知，B项（美国经常出于自身利益而使用惩罚威胁）符合文章内容，排除。由此可以推断C正确。

4.推断题。文章指出:美国现行的贸易政策是以不同评估标准为前提,这一前提是依据1988年通过的《贸易和竞争力综合法案》第301条至310条规定。这些规定使得美国可以通过恐吓式的关税报复方式，迫使其他国家接受其新的贸易政策。因此推测D项正确。

5.主旨大意题。B项(美国的贸易政策违背了经济学)比较能概括全文主旨。

2.写作题

Youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan250wordsandwriteyourcompositionneatlyontheAnswerSheet.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingtopic：

MyViewontheInternet

【答案】MyViewontheInternet3.单选题

ThemainroadthroughLittleburywasblockedforthreehourstodayafteranaccident（）twolorries.

问题1选项

A.involving

B.including

C.combining

D.containing

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。involve“涉及”;include“包括”;combine“联合，结合”;contain“包含，容纳”。根据句意可知，这里指涉及两辆货车的事故。选项A符合语境。

4.单选题

MuchofCanada’sforestryproductiongoestowardsmakingpulpandpaper.AccordingtoCanadianPulpandPaperAssociation,Canadasupplies34%oftheworld’swoodpulpand49%ofitsnewsprintpaper.Ifthesepaperproductscouldbeproducedinsomeotherway,Canadianforestscouldbepreserved.Recently,apossiblealternativewayofproducingpaperhasbeensuggestedbyagriculturalistsandenvironmentalists:aplantcalledhemp.

Hemphasbeencultivatedbymanyculturesforthousandsofyears.Itproducesfiberwhichcanbemadeintopaper,fuel,oils,textiles,food,andrope.Forcenturies,itwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountriesbecauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships;colonialexpansionandtheestablishmentofaworld-widetradingnetworkwouldnothavebeenfeasiblewithouthemp.Nowadays,ships’cablesareusuallymadefromwireorsyntheticfibers,butscientistsarenowsuggestingthatthecultivationofhempholdberevivedfortheproductionofpaperandpulp.Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees,andmanyenvironmentalistsbelievethatthelarge-scalecultivationofhempcouldreducethepressureonCanada’sforests.

However,thereisaproblem:hempisillegalinmanycountriesoftheworld.Thisplant,sousefulforfiber,rope,oil,fuelandtextiles,isaspeciesofcannabis,relatedtotheplantfromwhichmarijuanaisproduced.Inthelate1930s,amovementtobanthedrugmarijuanabegantogatherforce,resultingintheeventualbanningofthecultivationnotonlyoftheplantusedtoproducethedrug,butalsoofthecommercialfiber-producinghempplant.Infact,marijuanacannotbeproducedfromthehempplant,sinceitcontainsalmostnoTHC(theactiveingredientinthedrug).

Inrecentyears,amovementforlegalizationhavebeengatheringstrength.Itisconcernedonlywiththehempplantusedtoproducefiber;thisgroupwantstomakeitlegaltocultivatetheplantandsellthefiberfoepaperandpulpproduction.

1.WhyispulpandpaperproductionimportanttoCanada?

2.Whywastheplanthempessentialtoworld-widetradeinthepast?

3.Whydoagriculturaliststhinkthathempwouldbebetterforpaperproductionthantrees?

4.Whywashempbanned?

5.“Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees.”Whatdoes“proponents”mean?

问题1选项

A.Canadaneedstofindawaytouseallitssparewood.

B.Canadapublishesalotofnewspapersandbooks.

C.PulpandpaperexportisamajorsourceofincomeforCanada.

D.HempisatraditionalplantofCanada.

问题2选项

A.Ship’sropesweremadefromit.

B.Hempwasaveryprofitableexport.

C.Hempwasusedasfuelforships.

D.Hempwasusedasfoodforsailors.

问题3选项

A.Itischeapertogrowhempthantocutdowntrees.

B.Morepapercanbeproducedfromthesameareaofland.

C.Hempproduceshigherqualitypaper.

D.Itcauseslesspollutionoftheenvironment.

问题4选项

A.Itisrelatedtothemarijuanaplant.

B.Itcanbeusedtoproducemarijuana.

C.Itwasnolongerausefulcrop.

D.Itwasdestructivetotheland.

问题5选项

A.Peoplewhoareagainstsomething.

B.Peoplewhosupportsomething.

C.Peopleinchargeofsomething.

D.Peoplewhodoresearchonsomething.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句AccordingtoCanadianPulpandPaperAssociation,Canadasupplies34%oftheworld’swoodpulpand49%ofitsnewsprintpaper.（根据加拿大纸浆和纸制品协会的数据，加拿大提供全世界34%的木浆和49%的新闻纸。），说明加拿大的纸浆和纸制品出口量大，是加拿大重要的收入来源。因此C选项“纸浆和纸张的出口是加拿大的一个主要收入来源”正确。A选项“加拿大需要找到一种方法来使用其所有的闲置木材”，由原文可知，人们是希望保护森林资源，所以A错误。B选项“加拿大出版了大量的报纸和书籍”在文中没有提及，所以B错误。D选项“大麻是加拿大的一种传统植物”表述与问题无关，所以D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Forcenturies,itwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountriesbecauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships（几个世纪以来，它对许多国家的经济至关重要，因为它被用于制造帆船上的绳索和缆绳），说明它对许多国家的经济来说举足轻重是因为它可以用来制造缆绳。因此A选项“船用绳索是由它制成的”正确。B选项“大麻是利润丰厚的出口产品”，C选项“大麻被用作船只的燃料”，D选项“大麻被用作水手的食物”在文中均没有提及，所以B,C,D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees,andmanyenvironmentalistsbelievethatthelarge-scalecultivationofhempcouldreducethepressureonCanada’sforests.（根据其支持者的说法，使用大麻而不是树木可以在土地上生产四倍多的纸，许多环保人士认为，大麻的大规模种植可以减轻加拿大森林的压力。），说明大麻造纸的优势在于产纸量大，从而减少树木的砍伐量，保护环境。因此B选项“同样面积的土地可以生产更多的纸”正确。A选项“种植大麻比砍伐树木要便宜”，C选项“大麻生产的纸张质量更高”，D选项“它对环境造成的污染较少”在文中均没有提及，所以A,C,D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句However,thereisaproblem:hempisillegalinmanycountriesoftheworld…relatedtotheplantfromwhichmarijuanaisproduced.（然而，有一个问题：大麻对于世界上的许多国家来说是非法的……与生产大麻毒品的植物有关。），说明大麻被禁是因为它和生产大麻毒品的植物有关。因此A选项“与生产大麻毒品的植物有关”正确。B选项“可以用来生产大麻”，由原文可知，大麻不能从大麻植物中提取，所以B错误。C选项“不再是一种有用的作物”，由原文可知，大麻有很多作用，所以C错误。D选项“对土地有破坏性”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。

5.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees（根据其支持者的说法，使用大麻而不是树木可以在土地上生产四倍多的纸），前一句说到环境学家们提议用大麻代替树木造纸，介绍了大麻造纸有什么好处，可以推断出“proponents”在文中是指“支持这一建议的人”。因此B选项“支持某事的人”正确。A选项“反对某事的人”，C选项“负责某事的人”，D选项“对某事做研究的人”均不符合题意，所以A,C,D错误。

5.单选题

MosteconomistsintheUnitedStatesseemcaptivatedbythespellofthefreemarket.Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious.Accordingly,itrequiresamajoractofwilltothinkofprice-fixing(thedeterminationofpricesbytheseller)asboth“normal”andhavingavaluableeconomicfunction.Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.Modernindustrialplanningrequiresandrewardsgreatsize.Hence,acomparativelysmallnumberoflargefirmswillbecompetingforthesamegroupofconsumers.Thateachlargefirmwillactwithconsiderationofitsownneedsandthusavoidsellingitsproductsformorethanitscompetitorschargeiscommonlyrecognizedbyadvocatesoffree-marketeconomictheories.Buteachlargefirmwillalsoactwithfullconsiderationoftheneedsthatithasincommonwiththeotherlargefirmscompetingforthesamecustomers.Eachlargefirmwillthusavoidsignificantprice-cutting,becauseprice-cuttingwouldbeprejudicialtothecommoninterestinastabledemandforproducts.Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot.

Moreover,thoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialistcountriesotherthantheUnitedStates.Theseeconomicsemployintentionalprice-fixing,usuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace.Weretheresomethingpeculiarlyefficientaboutthefreemarketandinefficientaboutprice-fixing,thecountriesthathaveavoidedthefirstandusedthesecondwouldhavesuffereddrasticallyintheireconomicdevelopment.Thereisnoindicationthattheyhave.

Socialistindustryalsoworkswithinaframeworkofcontrolledprices.Intheearly1970s,theSovietUnionbegantogivefirmsandindustriessomeoftheflexibilityinadjustingpricesthatamoreinformalevolutionhasaccordedthecapitalistsystem.EconomistsintheUnitedStateshavehailedthechangeasareturntothefreemarket.ButSovietfirmsarenomoresubjecttopricesestablishedbyafreemarketoverwhichtheyexerciselessinfluencethanarecapitalfirms;rather,Sovietfirmshavebeengiventhepowertofixprices.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.Theauthor'sattitudetoward"MosteconomistsintheUnitedStates”(Para,1)canbestbedescribedas

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromtheauthor'sargumentthatapricefixedbytheseller“seemspernicious”(Para,1)because

（

）.

4.Thesuggestioninthepassagethatprice-fixinginindustrializedsocietiesisnormalarisesfromtheauthor’sstatementthatprice-fixingis（

）.

问题1选项

A.refutethetheorythatthefreemarketplaysausefulroleinthedevelopmentofindustrializedsocieties

B.suggestmethodsbywhicheconomistsandmembersofthegovernmentoftheUniteStatescanrecognizeandcombatprice-fixingbylargefirms

C.showthatinindustrializedsocietiesprice-fixingandtheoperationofthefreemarketarenotonlycompatiblebutalsomutuallybeneficial

D.arguethatprice-fixing,inoneformoranother,isaninevitablepartofandbenefittotheeconomyofanyindustrializedsociety

问题2选项

A.spitefulandenvious

B.scornfulanddenunciatory

C.criticalandcondescending

D.ambivalentbutdeferential

问题3选项

A.peopledonothaveconfidenceinlargefirms

B.peopledonotexpectthegovernmenttoregulateprices

C.mosteconomistsbelievethatconsumersasagroupshoulddetermineprices

D.mosteconomistsassociatefixedpriceswithcommunistandsocialisteconomies

问题4选项

A.aprofitableresultofeconomicdevelopment

B.aninevitableresultoftheindustrialsystem

C.theresultofanumberofcarefullyorganizeddecisions

D.aphenomenoncommontoindustrializedandnon-industrializedsocieties

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段指出美国的大多数经济学家都被自由市场的魅力所迷惑，事实上，在所有工业化社会中，价格固定都是正常的，因为工业体系本身提供了它所需要的价格固定，这是它自身发展的毫不费力的结果。随后文章对定价进行了详细的分析，因此D选项“认为以某种形式的价格固定是任何工业化社会经济的必然组成部分，并对其有益”符合题意。

2.观点态度题。由文章第二段中的Moreover,thoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialistcountriesotherthantheUnitedStates.（此外，那些认为让自由市场在不受干扰的情况下运行是确定价格的最有效方法的经济学家，没有考虑到美国以外的非社会主义国家的经济）可知作者对美国大多数经济学家的观点是不赞成的，但其后并没有明确指出是自由市场好还是定价市场好，因此作者的态度是批评与谦虚的，选C。

3.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Consequently,nothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbytheselleror,forthatmatter,establishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemspernicious.（因此，没有不符合自由市场要求的东西是好的或正常的。一个由卖方决定的价格，或者就此而言，由除消费者总数以外的任何人确定的价格，似乎是有害的）可知C选项“大多数经济学家认为消费者群体应该决定价格”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Infact,price-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovides,asaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopment,theprice-fixingthatitrequires.（事实上，在所有工业化社会中，价格固定都是正常的，因为工业体系本身提供了它所需要的价格固定，这是它自身发展的毫不费力的结果）B选项“工业体系的必然结果”符合题意。

6.单选题

Theyboughtthelandwithaneye（

）buildingaschoolforchildreninthevillage.

问题1选项

A.to

B.of

C.at

D.with

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。固定搭配withaneyeto“着眼于，考虑到”。句意：他们考虑为这个村子的小孩修建一所学校而买了这块地。答案A

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

这一点，加上这里的多元化社会、不拘礼仪的生活方式和宜人的气候，使得国外英才近悦远来。

一般来说，人可以分为三类：累死的人，愁死的人和烦死的人。

爱情是人类不变的追求，改变的只是人们对爱情的阐释。

人类历史发展长河中，人们主要关心的是能源有利的一面。

仅仅知道什么是对，什么是错是不够的，还必须能把这一知识运用到具体情况中。

【答案】This,alongwiththepluralisticsociety,aninformallifestyleandpleasantclimate,attractsforeigntalentstoitsshores.

Generallyspeaking,humanbeingscouldbedividedintothreetypes:thosewhoaretoiledtodeath,thosewhoareworriedtodeath,andwhoareannoyedtodeath.

Loveishuman’sconstantpursuit.Thethingthatchangedistheinterpretationofit.

Duringthehistoryofhumandevelopment,thedominantconcernsaboutenergyhavecenteredonthebenefitsideofenergy.

Itisnotenoughtotellrightfromwrong.Itisnecessarytoapplythisknowledgetothespecificsituations.

8.单选题

Adivorceeisthesoleproviderinatypical“singleparent”family.

问题1选项

A.religious

B.spiritual

C.exclusive

D.chief

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:离婚者是典型的单亲家庭的唯一支撑者。

religious:宗教上的，修道的。spiritual:精神上的。exclusive:唯一的，高级的。chief:主要的。sole:单独的，唯一的。故C项与题意一致。

9.单选题

Maryonce（）withanothermusiciantocomposeapieceofpopmusic.

问题1选项

A.merged

B.collaborated

C.coincided

D.constituted

【答案】B

【解析】句意:玛丽曾经和另一个音乐家共同创作了一首流行曲。

考查动词辨析。merge结合，融入；collaborate合作，协作；coincide符合，一致;constitute构成，组成。因此B项符合句意。

10.单选题

Astatementandalist（）tothedocumentwereissuedinyesterday’snewspaper.

问题1选项

A.labeled

B.attached

C.clung

D.stuck

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。attachto表示“（使）贴在……上；（使）依附”。句意：昨天的报纸上发表了一份声明以及一份附加在文件上的清单。结合句意，故B为正确答案。

11.单选题

Thetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection（

）importantsinglescientificinnovationinthenineteenthcentury.

问题1选项

A.certainlythemost

B.wascertainlythemost

C.willcertainlybethemost

D.wasthemostcertain

【答案】B

【解析】句意:自然选择进化论当然是十九世纪最重要的独特科学创新。

语法题。考查形容词最高级。分析句子结构可知,Thetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselection为主语,importantsinglescientificinnovation为表语,句子缺少系动词。排除A项。句子指明“十九世纪”,故应用过去式,排除C。副词certainly修饰形容词most的最高级。故选B。

12.不定项选择题

Greatemotionalandintellectualresourcesaredemandedinquarrels;staminahelps,asdoesacapacityforobsession.Butnooneisbornagoodquarreler;thecraftmustbelearned.

Therearetwogenerallyrecognizedapprenticeships.First,anduniversallypreferred,isalongchildhoodspentinthecompanyoffractioussiblings.Afterseveralyearsofrainyafternoons,brothersandsistersdevelopasurefeelforthetacticsofattritionandthenicetiesofstrategysonecessaryinfirst-ratequarrelling.

Theonlychild,orthechildofpeacefulorrepressedhouseholds,islikelytogrowupfailingtounderstandthatquarrels,unlikearguments,arenotaboutanythingleastofallthepursuitoftruth.Theapparentsubjectofaquarrelisamerepretext;therealbusinessisthequarrelitself.

Essentially,adversariesinaquarrelareouttoestablishorrescuetheirdignity.Ifencetheelementaryprinciple:anythingmaybesaid.Theunschooled,probablynolessquarrelsomebyinclinationthananyoneelse,mayspendanhourwithknockingheart,siftingtheconsequencesofroilingthisoldacquaintancealyingfraud.Toolate!Withacheerfulwavetheoldacquaintancehaslefttheroom.

Thosewhomisstheirfirstapprenticeshipmaycaretoenrollinthesecond,thebadmarriage.Thiscanbeperilousfortheneophyte;themutualintimacyofspousesmakesthematoncemorevulnerableandmoredangerousinattack.Oncesexisinvolved,thestakesarehigherallround.

Andthereisanunspokenrulethatthosewholove,orhaveloved,oneanotheraregrantedalicenseforunlimitedbeastlinesssuchasisdeniedtomereswornenemies.Forallthat,someofourmosttenaciousblackbeltquarrelershavecometoitlateinfifeandmasteredeverythrow,fromtheCrushingSilencetotheGloatingApology,inlessthantenyearsofmarriage.

Aquarrelmaylastyears.AmongbroodingtypesKithtimeontheirhands,likewriters,halfalifetimeisnotuncommon.Initsmostrefinedform,aquarrelmayconsistoftheparticipantsnottalkingtoeachother.Theywillneedtoschemelaboriouslytoappearinpublictogethertoregistertheirsilence.

Brief,violentquarrelsarealsoknownasrows.Inallcasestheessentialingredientremainsthesame;theoriginalcausemustbeforgottenassoonaspossible.Fromhereon,dignity,pride,self-esteem,honoratethecrucialissues,whichiswhyquarrellinglikejealousy,isanall-consumingbusiness,virtuallyaprofession.Forthequarrelersveryself-hoodisonthefine.Toloseanargumentisabriefdisappointment,muchlikelosingagameoftennis;buttobecrushedinaquarrel...ratherbiteoffyourtongueandspreaditatyouropponents’feet.

1.Unschooledquarrelersaresaidtobeatadisadvantagebecause（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,quarrelsbetweenmarriedcouplesmaybe（）.

3.Whenquarrellingbothchildrenandmarriedcouplesmay,accordingtothewriter（）.

4.Thedifferencebetweenaquarrelandanargumentissaidtobethat（）.

5.Inthepassageasawhole,thewritertreatsquarrellingasifitwere（）.

问题1选项

A.theirinsultsfailtooffendtheiropponent

B.theyrevealtheirnervousnesstotheiropponent

C.theysufferfromremorseforwhatthey’vesaid

D.theyareapprehensiveaboutspeakingtheirminds

问题2选项

A.physicallyviolent

B.extremelybitter

C.essentiallytrivial

D.sincerelyregretted

问题3选项

A.beparticularlybrutal

B.usepolitenessasaweapon

C.employskillfulmaneuvers

D.exaggeratetheirfeelings

问题4选项

A.theformerinvolvesindividualegos

B.theformerconcernsstrongpointsofview

C.thelatterhaswell-establishedmiles

D.thelatterconcernstrivialissues

问题5选项

A.amilitarycampaign

B.asocialskill

C.amoralevil

D.anaturalgift

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。没上过学的吵架者在吵架中不占优势的原因是，选项A“他们的羞辱不能激怒对手”；选项B“他们在对手面前表现出紧张”；选项C“他们对自己说的话感到悔恨”；选项D“他们害怕表露自己的心声”，根据文章第四段中“Theunschooled,probablynolessquarrelsomebyinclinationthananyoneelse,mayspendanhourwithknockingheart,siftingtheconsequencesofroilingthisoldacquaintancealyingfraud.没怎么受过教育的人，同样也跟其他人一样热衷于吵架，他们会花上很长的时间捶胸顿足，不断回想自己是怎么激怒了老熟人而陷入了他的骗局”，由此可知这些没上过学的人在吵架的时候因为没什么技巧，激怒别人之后就陷入了别人挖的坑里，于是他们不停的回想，不停的后悔自己所说的话，故正确答案为选项C。

第2题:推理判断题。根据作者的观点，已婚夫妇之间的争吵也许会……选项A“剧烈的身体攻击”；选项B“极度的尖酸刻薄”；选项C“基本上很琐碎”；选项D“真诚的道歉”，根据文章第六段的首句话“相爱的或者曾经相爱的人之间存在着一种不言而喻的规定，他们允许对方无限制的使用伤人的语言，就像是两个不共戴天的仇人一样。”根据这句话我们可以知道已婚夫妻之间的争吵会非常的尖酸刻薄，表现得像两个不共戴天的仇人一样，故正确答案为选项B。

第3题:小孩子和已婚夫妇之间吵架的共同点是什么，选项A“特别的野蛮”；选项B“把礼貌当作一种武器”；选项C“运用非常有技巧的策略”；选项D“夸大感觉”，根据文章中分别对小孩子吵架和夫妻吵架的描写，小孩子“developasurefeelforthetacticsofattritionandthenicetiesofstrategysonecessaryinfirst-ratequarrelling.明确的知道在最高级的吵架中技巧和战略的必要性”，由此可知小孩子的吵架非常注重技巧与战略；文章第六段在提及夫妻吵架之后接着说道“someofourmosttenaciousblackbeltquarrelershavecometoitlateinfife持久的吵架黑带通常在比较晚的时候练成；inlessthantenyearsofmarriage不超过婚后十年的时间”，可知作者想表达的是婚后，夫妻会变得非常擅于吵架，婚后的吵架会使他们练就吵架的技巧，这个从“黑带”一词可以体现出来，所以小孩子和已婚夫妇两者在吵架上的共同点就是非常具有技巧或者策略，故正确答案为选项C。

第4题:推理判断题。吵架和争论之间的区别是什么，选项A“前者涉及个人自尊心”；选项B“前者关心强硬的观点”；选项C“后者建立了良好的规则”；选项D“后者涉及细小的问题”；根据文章最后一段中对于吵架的描写“dignity,pride,self-esteem,honorandthecrucialissues,whichiswhyquarrellinglikejealousy,isanall-consumingbusiness,virtuallyaprofession尊严，骄傲，自尊，荣誉和其他关键问题是消耗所有精力的堪称专业的工作，它们解释了为什么说吵架就和妒忌一样”，这说明吵架是涉及个人的自尊心的，而对于争论的描写“Toloseanargumentisabriefdisappointment,muchlikelosingagameoftennis输掉一场争论只是片刻的失望，就像输掉一场网球比赛一样”，由此可知争论不会涉及个人的自尊心，简单的只是一种专业知识或者其他个人能力的较量，所以吵架和争论最大的区别就是吵架是涉及个人自尊心的，故正确答案为选项A。

第5题:推理判断题。纵观全文，作者描写吵架就像描写……选项A“一场军事行动”；选项B“一门社会技术”；选项C“一种不好的品德”；选项D“一种自然天赋”，作者在描写吵架的时候多处强调了吵架的技巧与战略，以及吵架技巧的两个养成阶段，仿佛吵架就像一门技术一样，需要我们练习与学习；作者还举了在社交场合吵架的例子，有技巧的人会赢，没有技巧的会输，强调了吵架这门技术的社会性，所以作者是在像描写一种社会技术一样的在描写吵架这门学问，故正确答案为选项B。

13.单选题

（）dullhemaybe，heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.

问题1选项

A.Although

B.Whatever

C.As

D.However

【答案】D

【解析】考查句子结构。A、B、C、D四个选项中，后面可以直接修饰形容词的只有D选项however。A选项although“尽管，虽然”，作为连词可以引导让步状语从句，后面接句子，应用到这个句子里面应该是：althoughhemaybedull；B选项whatever“不论什么”，后面应该接名词；C选项as“尽管，正如”，作为连词可以引导让步状语从句，后面接句子，应用到这个句子里面应该是：dullashemaybe；句意：无论他多么迟钝，他都是一名当之无愧的成功高层主管人员。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

14.单选题

Thetiesthatbindustogetherincommonactivityareso（）thattheycandisappearatanymoment.

问题1选项

A.trivial

B.fatal

C.tentative

D.feeble

【答案】D

【解析】trivial微不足道的,平凡的;fatal致命的,毁灭性的;tentative尝试性的;feeble微弱的,软弱的。句意：将我们维系在一起共同行动的纽带是不牢靠的,随时都会消失。

15.单选题

AnneWhitney,asophomore（大学二年级学生）atColoradoStateUniversity,firsthadaproblemtakingtestswhenshebegancollege.“Iwasalwayswellpreparedformytests.SometimesIstudiedforweeksbeforeatest.YetIwouldgointotakethetest,onlytofindIcouldnotanswerthequestionscorrectly.Iwouldblankoutbecauseofnervousnessandfear.Icouldn’tthinkoftheanswer.MylowgradesonthetestsdidnotshowwhatIknewtotheteacher.”Anotherstudentinbiologyhadsimilarexperiences.Hesaid,“Myfirstchemistrytestwasverydifficult.Then,onthesecondtest,Isatdowntotakeit,andIwassonervousthatIwasshaking.Myhandsweremovingupanddownsoquicklythatitwashardtoholdmypencil.IknewthematerialandIknewtheanswers.YetIcouldn’tevenwritethemdown!”

Thesetwoyoungstudentswereexperiencingsomethingcalledtestanxiety.Becauseastudentworriesandisuneasyaboutatest,hisorherminddoesnotworkaswellasitusuallydoes.Thestudentcannotwriteorthinkclearlybecauseoftheextremetensionandnervousness.Althoughpoorgradesareoftenaresultofpoorstudyhabits,sometimestextanxietycausesthelowgrades.Recently,testanxietyhasbeenrecognizedasarealproblem,notjustanexcuseorafalseexplanationoflazystudents.

Specialuniversityadvisingcoursestrytohelpstudents.Inthesecourses,advisorstrytohelpstudentsbyteachingthemhowtomanagetestanxiety.Atsomeuniversities,studentstaketeststomeasuretheiranxiety.Ifthetestsshowtheiranxietyishigh,thestudents