初中英语上海中考自招讲义-8-复合句

课程主题：自招系列讲义8学习目标掌握复合句的具体用法，综合能力训练教学内容复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。根据从句在句子中的作用,可分为名词性从句,形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从何)三类。一名词性从句主语从句(1)引导词从属连词that,whether,if连接代词what,who,which,whoever,whatever=nomatterwhat=anythingthat连接副词how,when,where,why(2)用法that引导 Thathewaslatemademeunhappy.他迟到了，这令我很不高兴。wh-引导 Whoever(Who)brokethewindowisunknown.尚不知道是谁打破了窗户。Whether,if引导Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion,它是否真实还是个问题。It'sdoubtfuliftherewillbeanyseatsleft.无法确定是否还剩座位。表语从句表语从句在复合句中说明“主语是什么”，结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”(1)that引导的表语从句that仅仅是连接的作用,在句中不作任何成分，但不能省略。特别是当主语是reason时，表语从句不可以用why或because,只能用that,如:“Thereasonwhy...isthat+表语从句”Whywedecidedtoputoffthefootballmatchisthattheweatherwastoobad.我们之所以推迟足球赛是因为天气不好。ThereasonwhyIdidn'tattendtheconferencewasthatIwastoobusy.我之所以未参会是因为我太忙。(2)wh-引导的表语从句连接词whether起着连接的作用,意思是〜是否，到底”,但if不能引导表语从句Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.问题在于我们能否在短时间内做好准备。连接代词:what,which,who,whom,whose陈述句在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、亭；五堂定语等Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.问题在于谁真的适合这个艰难的工作。(3)连接副词:when,where,how,why等除了在句中起连接作用外,还在从句中充当地点、方式、原因状语等ThatiswhereIcan'tagreewithyou,那是我无法同意你的地万(4)连接词:because,从句仅限于一个句型“This/That/Itisbecause(that)...ItmaybebecauseIamnomathematician,可能是因为我不是个数字家。(5)连接词:asif/though,通常用于感官系动词look,seem,sound,smell等后，常用于虚拟语气，表示不可能存在的动作或状态Theytalkedandtalkedasiftheywouldnevermeetagain.他们聊啊聊，就像永远不会再见了一样。Theoldmanlookedatthepicture.Hefeltasthoughhehadgonebackto20yearsago.老人看着照片，感觉自己似乎回到了20年前。同位语从句(1)同位语指两个成分处于相同地位，同位语是后置修饰语,起补充、说明、修饰、描绘的作用。Mr.Wang,mychild'steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师,将于周二家访我们。I,theoldestgirlinthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.我作为家里最大的女儿,总得照顾其他孩子。(2)若用一个句子作同位语，就叫同位语从句。下列名词后常常接同位语从句：belief信念、相信doubt怀疑 explanation解释 idea想法、主意advice建议 fact事实hope希望 possibility可能性fear害怕 news消息 order命令 opinion观点promise答应、诺言problem问题 question问题 report报道reply答复 statement论断suggestion建议 thought想法truth事实 wish愿望 warning警告 word消息引导同位语从句的关联词为that时,不能用which代替。Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我们听到了我们团队获胜的消息。Theywereworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.他们担心你生病了。(3)在某些名词,例如suggestion,advice,request,order,demand,requirement等意为“建议，命令，要求”的名词后,同位语从句的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,should可以省略。Thesuggestionthatthenewrule(should)beadoptedcamefromtheChairman.采用新规议出自主席之口。Theyexpressedthewishthatshe(should)accepttheaward.他们表达了她应接受奖励的愿望。(4)whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接;nodoubt“不怀疑”后的同位语从句用that连接。Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.我们怀疑他们能否按时完成任务.ThereisnodoubtthatLiWeiwillkeephispromise.毫无疑问，李雷会信守诺言。*宾语从句(1)结构:“主句(主语+谓语)+连接词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+其他成分)”(2)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变Icouldn'tunderstoodwhatwaswrongwithhim.我不能理解他怎么了。Thepolicemancameuptoseewhatwasthematterwithme.警察走上前来看看找怎么了。(3)时态当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语动词按需要可以使用任何时态。Shesaysthatshewillleaveamessageonhisdesk,她说她将在他的桌上留张字条。ShesaysthatshehasneverbeentoMountEmei.她说她从未去过峨嵋山。当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态Hesaidthattherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.他说昨天下午没课。Hesaidthattheywerehavingameetingatthattime.他说当时他们正在开会。当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时,宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。Theteachertoldusthatnothingisdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.老师告诉我们，世上无难事，只怕有心人。Shesaidthatherfatheristwenty-eightyearsolderthanher.她说她爸爸年长她28岁。(4)引导宾语从句的连接词that通常不能省略在以下动词后接宾语从句,that不能省略agreeargueassureholdindicatemaintaininformobjectsuggestIassureyouthatI'llbethere.我向你保证我会去那儿。Heobjectedthatitwasimpossible,他反对说这是不可能的。主句谓语动词后接两个并列的宾语从可时，连接第二个宾语从句的that不可省略Iknowyouaren'tadoctorandthatyouwantyoursontobecomeadoctor,我知道你不是医生，你希望你的儿子成为医生。(5)介词后通常不踉由that引导的从句，但可以是艮thefactthat从句结构做宾语Marywroteanarticleonwhytheteamhasfailedtowinthegame玛丽就该团队未赢得比资原因写了篇文章。HerefusedtohelpmedespitethefactthatIaskedhimseveraltimes.尽管我请求了他儿次,心还是拒绝帮我。二，定语从句定义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，定语从句一般紧踉在它所修饰的先行问之后。先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用:A.引导定语从句;B.代替先行词;C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.其中'3卜。isshakinghandswithmy自小©「”是定语从句，修饰先行词theman,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman,在定语从句中作主语。*who指人，在定语从句中作主语。Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。*whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长.注意:关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.你刚见到的那个人是我的老朋友。*which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.他们昨晚看的电影一以意思也没有。*that指人时，相当于who或whom;指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年米来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。*whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾经住在一幢屋顶已经塌陷了的房子里。*when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。Doyouremembertheyearswhenyoulivedinthecountrysidewithyourgrandparents?你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？*where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。*why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.请告诉我你误机的原因。Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。注意:关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：Since1990when/inwhichhewasinprimaryschoolhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.自1990年他读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.他拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous他曾经就读过的这所学校很出名。TomorrowI'llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI'llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked明天我将把你要的杂志带来。ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkpaysmuchattentiontoimprovingourworkingconditions.我工作的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。注意：含有介词的动词短语一般不挤升，介饲仍放在短语动词的后面。如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等.Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(d这是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(x)Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(d)那个护士正大看的小宝宝们都很健康。Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.(X)若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that;关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.(d)你刚才是艮他谈话的那个人是我的邻居。Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.(X)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(d)我们去加拿大所乘坐的飞机实在很舒服。TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadawasreallycomfortable.(x)“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.他深爱着他的父母,他们俩待他都很好。限制性定语从句举例：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个历史悠久的国家Inthestreet,Isawamanwhowasfrom人行元2在街上我看到一个来自非洲的人非限制性定语从句举例：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格关系代词使用that的情况：(1)当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除夕卜),all,none,few,littleom等不定代词或先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰，又或先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、thevery,theonly修饰时,只能用that连接。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李先生讲的你都记下来了吗？ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.我不能为你做什么。注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.王华是学校唯一将出席会议的人。(2)当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?站在门口的那个人是谁？WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?哪件T恤衫最合我的身？⑶当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.他们谈论着他们记行的在校时的人和事。关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句时,其用法有相同之处,也有不同之处。具体情况是：as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.他是艮她结婚了，这是很自然的事。as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用whichAsweallknow,Chinahasalonghistory.众所周知，中国历史悠久。Heisafoodie,asisknowntoallofus.我们都知道他是个吃货。Hedidn'tgivemeanygifts,whichmademeangry,他没给我任何礼物,这让我很生气。当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as.I'veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。Heisnotsuchafoolashe100ks.他可不像他看上去的那样傻。注意:当先行词受thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding,她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.她是艮她妹妹穿着同款连衣裙。以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导,而且通常可以省略。Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising:他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用(即所担当的成分)。试比较：Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.我知道一个我们可以野炊的地方。Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery,我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方。Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。C.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.这就是他向我解释的未参力口会议的原因。*定语从句与同位语从句的区别(1)定语从句修饰先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforParis.（定语从句）刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。Thefactthathehasalreadydiedisquiteclear.（同位语从句）他已经去世了，这个事实很明了.（2）定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分,关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that引导,在从句中一般不担当成分;有时由where,when,how,who,whether,what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。Thenewsthathetoldmeis打皿.（定语从句）他告诉我的消息是真的。Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.（同位语从句）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。（3）同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句则不能。Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.（同位语从句）我们可以向老师询问建议的这个想法很棒。Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.想法是我们可以向老师询问建议。Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.（同位语从句）地球绕着太阳转,这个事实众所周知。Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.事实是地球是绕看太阳转的。Payattentiontotheproblemhowwecanprotectthewildanimals.（同位语从句）关注我们如何保护野生动物的问题。Theproblemishowwecanprotectthewildanimals.问题是我们如何保护野生动物。.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobstheyarebeingtrained.A.inthat B.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeonetheycantalkfrequently.A.who B.as C.aboutwhichD.withwhomhavemanyfriends,somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhomLastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,fromeffectthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.that B.whoseC.thoseD.whatTherearetwobuildings,standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhichMarkwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents'Union.A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhichtimeC.duringwhosetimeD.bythattime7.IcanthinkofmanycasesstudentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.A.whyB.which C.whenD.where8.Ifashophaschairswomencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.that B.which C.when D.where9.Wewentthroughaperiodcommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.A.which B.whose C.inwhichD.withwhichDon'tleavethesharpknifeourlittleJanecangetit.A.inwhichB.towhichC.thatD.whereItwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.that B.while C.which D.whenWearelivinginanagemanythingsaredoneonthecomputer.A.which B.that C.whose D.whenThereweredirtymarksonhertrousersshehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that10-Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?-Right,justtheoneyouknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whatIwalkedinourgarden,TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that16.Iworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.which C.whereD.that三、状语从句*when引导状语从句When,意思为“当••…•时”，强调“特定时间”Whenhecomes,Iwillshowhimmyphotos.他来了，我会把我的相片给他看表示突然发生的事,意思为“正在・・・・・时，这时，忽然”begoingtodosth./beabouttodosth./beonthepointofdoingsth....whenIwasjustcomingalongtoseeyouwhenIranintoJack.我正要来看你,这时撞见了Jack。Iwasabouttotakeashowerwhenthetelephonerang.我正要去冲个澡,这时电话铃响了。表示条件,意思为“在・・・・・•的情况下”，表示原因或让步，常可译为“既然、虽然、如果”Whydoyouwalkwhen(since)youhaveacar?既然你有车，为何还要步行？Hesayshehasn'tgotanymoneywhen(although)he'sgotplenty.他说他没有钱，虽然他有不少钱。*while引导状语从句while意思为“当.•…・时”，从句用持续性动词，表时间的一段，而不是一点Whilehewaseatinghisbreakfast,heheardthedoorbellring.正在吃早饭时，他听到门铃响了。意思为“虽然，尽管”(多放句首)，从句和主句主语多为同一人或物Whileforbiddenfruitissaidtotastesweeter,itusuallyspoilsfaster.虽然有人说禁果的味道更甜，但它腐烂得也11更快。as引导状语从句强调同一时间里两个事件相继发生或变化的情况有着“伴随”的意思Hereyesightworsenedasshegrewolder,随着年龄的增长，她的视力变得越来越差。Asyougraduallygetbetteratthejob,you'llfindthatitbecomeseasier.当你逐渐熟悉了这份工作,你就会发现它变得越来越容易。.theelectiondrewnear,theviolencegotworse.A.AsB.WhenC.WhileD.With.Theywereonthepointofsettingoutalightrainbegantofall.A.whileB.asC.sinceD.when.Timwashappytotakeonallthehouseworkhiswifewentouttowork.A.while B.as C.during D.since.hegrewolderhegaveupgoingforwalkseverymorning.A.While B.As C.During D.Themoment.Haveyoueverseentheexpressiononsomeone'sfacethey'vejusthadareallybadshock?A.whenB.asC.duringD.whilehadjuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclothesIheardvoicescomingfromtheoutside.A.immediatelyB.themomentC.whenD.whilebefore意为“在•….之前”,until意为“直到”，用于主句谓语是否定的非持续动词时，意思为“直到•.…•才”ImustphonemyparentsbeforeIgo.我走之前必须给父母打个电话。Wealwayshavetowaituntilthelastcustomerhasleft,我们总得等到最后一个顾客离去。Itwasnotuntil11o'clockthathegotbackhome.他直至U11点才至U家。before从句的内容可以是非真实的，意思为“没等•…•就，，而until从句的内容是真实的ShewalkedoutbeforeIhadachancetoexplain.没等我做解释她就走出去了。12Drivestraightonuntilyougettothestation.一直往前开，直到你到达车站为止。before还用于“Itwillnotbelongbefore…”和"Itwasn'tlongbefore...”结构,since"自从 ”表示从句动作或状态的结束，为主句动作的起点Itwillnotbelongbeforehefinisheshistask.过不了多久，他就会完成任务。Electricityhasbeenwidelyusedsinceitwasdiscovered.电被发现以来，得到广泛应用。Ithasbeen/Itisthreeyearssinceweenteredthemiddleschool.我进入中学已经有3年了。hardly,nosooner表示一件事情紧接另一件事发生，意思为“刚•…・就・.・…”时态结构如下主句:hardly/scarcely+过去完成时从句:when+一般过去时主句:nosooner+过去完成时 从句:than+一般过去时Ihadhardlysatdownwhenhesteppedin.我刚坐下,他就来了。Nosoonerhadtherailwaybeenbuiltthantheybegancomplainingaboutthenoise. 铁路刚建成，他们就抱怨噪音。bythetime意思为“不迟于”，用于谈论将来或以前某一时刻发生的事,时态结构如下Bythetime+从句（一般现在时） 主句（将来完成时）Bythetime+从句（一般过去时） 主句（过去完成时）Bythetimeyougetback,Iwillhavefinishedallthework.等你回来的时候，我将已完成所有工作。Bythetimethepolicearrived,thethiefhadbeenmilesaway.警察到时，小偷已经在几英里外了。由time构成的名词词组引导，表示某一特定时刻发生或存在的情况thefirsttimethelasttimenexttimeeverytimeeachtimeanytimePeoplearepuzzledthefirsttimetheyreadthebook.人们第一次读这本书时都觉得困惑。NexttimeIseeyou,Iwillshowyoumyphotos.下次见到你，我把我的照片给你看。由下列名词词组转化的时间连词引导从句，表示两个动作紧接着发生，意思为"一……就……"theinstantthedaytheweektheyearthemomentthesecondtheminuteShecametothescenethemomentsheheardthenews.一听到消息她就到达现场。Thedayherhusbandwentabroad,shegavebirthtoason,丈夫出国那天她生了个儿子。Iwilltrytofinishthiswork.A.whileyoucameB.beforeyoucomeC.asyoucome D.untilyoucome13Wesentinthreeapplicationsweobtainedpermissiontosetupanexperimentworkshop.A.afterB.sinceC.beforeD.untilWearrivedatBirminghamwithfiveminutestogothelasttrainleft.A.afterB.beforeC.bythetimeD.whilemethim,hewasworkingasasecretaryinabigcompany.A.Firsttime B.ThefirsttimeC.Thefirsttimewhen D.ForthefirsttimeThesunhadnosoonerstartedtoshineitwascloudedoveragain.A.than B.when C.as D.whileYoucanhavethenewspaperIfinishreadingit.A.sothatB.because C.unless D.themomentTheyhadhardlybeguntogatherinthecropsitbegantorainheavily.A.but B.when C.then D. whileBythetimeyoucomebackIthework.A.finishB.shallfinish C.shallhavefinishedD.wouldhavefinished-DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?-Yes.IgaveittoherIsawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once10.sherealizeditwastoolatetogohome.A.Itwasnotuntildarkthat B.HardlydiditgrowdarkthatC.Nosooneritgrewdarkthan D.Scarcelyhaditgrowndarkthan*because,for,as,seeingthat和consideringthat表示原因because意为“因为”，着重点在从句，用于回答why,语气最强Hegotthejobbecausehewasthebestcandidate.他得到了那份工作,因为他是最佳人选。JustbecauseIdidn'tcomplain,theythoughtIwassatisfied.就因为我没有发牢骚，他们以为我很满意。for并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，而是表示推理的理由，且不可位于主句前Wemustbeginplanningnow,forthefuturemaybringunexpectedchanges.我们必须现在就卅始计划，因为将来可能会有意外的变化。Hecouldn't