初三非谓语动词专题

学习好资料欢迎下载非谓语动词专题一.非谓动词概述：非谓语动词，即在句子中不作谓语的动词，其具体形式分：不定式，动名词，分词三种。二.非谓语动词的共性特征：.没有单、复数变化和人称变化（因为不作谓语）；.仍然具有动词本身的特点：可以带宾语、状语；可以有自己的时态、（被动）语态变化；可以构成非谓语动词短语（即不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语）。.非谓语动词的否定形式：其结构形式无论是单一结构还是复合结构，都在其前面直接加not形成。例如：Notknowingarightaddress,hecouldn,tfindhisfriend,shome.I’msosorrynottohavetoldyouabouthimalittleearlier.Notswimmingintheriverinsummerisgoodforyou..非谓语动词的复合结构（即逻辑主谓关系）：It,sveryimportantformetolearnEnglishwellnow.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow,please?Therebeingnoclassestoday,wedon,tgotoschool.Becausetherearenoclassestoday, 三.非谓语动词的差异性：动词不定式的用法（重点）1、结构及特征：动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分一主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语，所以我们又称之为非谓语形式。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。不定式的语态被动语态tobedone被动语态tobedonetohavebeendone一般式 todo完成式 tohavedone进行式 tobedoing不定式时态一般时态Ihopetoseeyouagain.（有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后）完成 Iamsorrytohavemadesomanymistakes.（动作发生在谓语动词表示的动词前）进行Heseemstobeeatingsomething.（表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生）2、动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1）作主语

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载例如：TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.［说明］动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.当形容词表示事物的特征，特点或客观形式，常见的形容词有easy,hard,interestingItishardforhimtostudytwolanguages.Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth 形容词表示性格，品德或表示主观感情goodnicekindcleverItisveryniceofyoutohelpme.2）作表语 Mywishistobecomeateacher.be动词之后，形成表语，常用来表示预定要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设3）作宾语只可用不定式作宾语的动词askhopehelppromiselearnDoyouhopetogofishingwithme?既可接不定式也可以接动名词rememberforgetlikeneedstoptrystartbeginpermitlove/goon/Istoptorun.我停下来开始跑Istoprunning.我停下来不跑了。it作形式宾语Doyouthinkitbettertosayitinthisway?4）作宾语补足语1）不定式作宾补askteachallowinvitetellwantpreferordergetfeelhearthinkseeexpectencourageTheteachertoldhimnottobelatenexttime.2）使役动词省略to letmakehaveShehadthestudentsworkouttheproblem.Couldyouhelpme（to）closethewindow?5）作定语Ihavealotofworktodo.表示未发生的动作Canyoubringmeachairtosit?Heneedssomeonetohelphimwithhiswork.6）作状语 Hestoppedtohavealook.［说明］动词不定式的否定形式：not+to+动词原形构成例如：Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.3、不定式的否定形式： Tellhimnottoshutthewindow...4、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：（1）Hedoesn,tknowhowtousethemachine.（不定式作宾语）Howtousethemachineisaquestion. （不定式作主语）Thequestioniswhentogothere. （不定式作表语）5、省to的动词不定式1）使役动词let,have,make：2）感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to不能省掉。A.Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载B.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3)wouldrather,hadbetter+do,wouldyouplease,ratherthan【难点】6、不定式的特殊句型：1)too...to...：太…而不能…so/such+adj/adv+asto+v(表结果)Hisfatherwassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2)enoughtodo：足以做…Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschooll.3)Whynot+动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：”为什么不……?"Whynottakeaholiday?4)soas(not)todo:inordertodoonlytodotodo(表示目的)DavidcametoChinatostudyChinese.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.5)用作介词的“to"：lookforwardto渴望；payattentionto注意；devoteoneselfto献身于；be/getusedto习惯等等。动名词的用法1.形式一般式完成式1.形式一般式完成式主动式doinghavingdone被动式beingdone

havingbeendone一般时态 Doyoumindmysmokinghere?（动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后或者两个动作同时发生）完成时态 Iregretnothavingstudiedhard.（动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前）.在下面两种句型中，只能用动名词There+be+no+动名词Thereisnogettingalongwithhim.Itis+nouse/good/fun/nice+动名词ItisnouselearningEnglishwithoutspeaking..只可以接动名词的动词或者动词短语dislikeadmitenjoydenymindmissriskfinishavoidconsiderexcusesuggestpracticebeworthkeeponcannothelpgiveupputoffleaveoffleadto比较：1）共同点：动词不定式结构和动词的4ng形式都被称之为非谓语结构，因此它们一般都可以放在句中除了谓语之外的其他位置。2）区别①动词不定式的基本含义是表示谓语动词后面的动作还未发生，此外，若谓语动词后面的动作发生过了也用不定式，而-ing分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发生或进行。②动名词的基本用法是该结构用在及物动词或介词之后构成动宾短语或介宾短语。3）接不定式或动名词，意义相同：

学习好资料欢迎下载begintodostarttodocontinuetodobegindoingstartdoingcontinuedoing学习好资料欢迎下载begintodostarttodocontinuetodobegindoingstartdoingcontinuedoingstopdoingforgetdoingrememberdoingtrydoinggoondoingbeafraiddoing4）动名词与不定式语义不同：stopdoingforgetdoingrememberdoingtrydoinggoondoingbeafraiddoingstoptodoforgettodoremembertodotrytodogoontodobeafraidtodo分词的用法.现在分词(doing/havingdone)和过去分词(done).现在分词的用法.用作谓语的一部分，和助动词一起构成进行时态Whatareyoudoingnow?.作定语1)所修饰名词正在进行的动作 Theboystandinghereisoneofmyclassmates.2)所修饰名词的特征和性质Donoreadinamovingcar..作表语，表示主语的特征和性质 Thestoryisinteresting..作宾语补足语(seewatchnoticehearfindgetkeep等)Weheardhersinginginherroom.3.过去分词的用法过去分词一般表示完成的或者被动的动作.用作谓语的一部分，和助动词一起构成完成时态或者被动语态Wehavebeenfriendsformanyyears.Hislegwasbrokeninanaccident..作定语 Thereisabrokencuponthetable.Thisisoneofthefactoriesbuiltinthe1960s.过去分词作定语时放在名词前，过去分词短语作定语时放在名词后面.作表语 Thecupisbroken..作宾语补足语Imusthavemybikerepaired.注意，现在分词与动名词，形态上完全相同，动词加上ing 但是两者有一个本质的区别，现在分词起形容词和副词的作用，而动名词起名词的作用。Thedancingboyisme.Ienjoydancing.三、【考点诠释】1、考查非谓语动词用作主语不定式或动名词用作主语，而分词不能担任句子中的主语。D.ofyou【考例】It'sverynice picturesforme.［天津］D.ofyouA.ofyoutodraw B.foryoutodraw C.foryoudrawingdrawing2、考查非谓语动词用作宾语【考例】一It'sabitcoldWouldyoumindmyallthewindows?

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载一Doasyoulike,please.［07淄博市］A.close Bwillclose C.closing D.tocloseMaryandIenjoybadminton［07黔岭东南州］A.toplay Bplaying C.played--Sohotintheclassroom.Wouldyoumindthewindows? 0K.I'lldoitrightnow.［黄冈市］A.notclosing Bnotopening Cclosing D.opening---Mr.Wang,Ihavetroublethetext.一Rememberitthreetimesatleast.［威海市］A.tounderstand；reading Bunderstanding；readingCunderstanding；toread D.tounderstand；toreadatnight.--Howareyoufeelinghere?--It'squitehot.Idon'tknow togoorstay.［武汉］A.how B.when C.whether D.whereManypeoplethinkit'sveryimportant uslearnEnglishwell.［贵阳］A.for,to B.to,to C.with,forThemenuhassomanygoodthings!Ican,tdecide用可北］A.whattoeat B.howtoeat C.wheretoeat D.whentoeat---MydadboughtmeanewMP4,butIdon,tknow.---Let,sreadtheinstructions.［河南课改试验区］A.whattouse B.whichonetouse C.howtouseit D.whentouseitIttookmydaughtertwoweeksthenovelsbyYandHongying.潍坊］A.read;written B.toread;writtenC.reading;towriteD.toread;wroteDriversarewarnedwhentheyaretired［佛山］A.todrive B.notdrive C.nottodriveIfyouwanttoknowthemobilephone,you,dbetterreadtheinstructionsfirst.大连］A.howtouse B.howtomake C.wheretomendD.wheretobuyChinawillspendabout52billionyuannewairportsand_oldonesinthewestofChinainthe11thFive-YearPlanperiod时期）.［07临沂市］A.repairing;buildingBtobuild；repair C.building；repairingD.torepair；build3.studentsshouldpayattentiontotheteacherinclass.［07泰州市］A.hear B1istento Clisteningto Dhearingof3、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。【考例】Aliceaskedme anotherbagforher.［北京市课标卷］A.get B.got C.toget D.gettingOurparentsoftentellusnot aloneintheriverinsummer.长沙］A.swim B.toswim C.swimming---Whatdidyoursistersaytoyoulastnight?---Sheaskedmemyfatherhersecret.［绍兴］A.totellnot B.nottotell C.don,ttell D.nottellBettyisoftenseentheoldmanwithhishousework.咸宁］

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载A.help B.tohelp C.helped D.helpsTimegoesbysofast.Wemustnevermissthechancetoshowloveforourparentsandmakethemhowmuchtheymeantous.［哈尔滨］A.toknow B.knowing C.know---HowdoyoufeelwhenyouseethenationalflagofChina?---Itmakesusproud.包头］A.feel B.tofeel C.felt D.feeling4、考查非谓语动词用作定语【考例】一Shoppingwithme?—Sorry.Ihavealotofclothes .(2004江西省南昌)A.towash B.washed C.wash D.tobewashed5、考查非谓语动词用作状语【考例】--Linda,Iamverythirsty.--Let'sgotothenearestsupermarket somedrinks,OK?［重庆］A.buy B.bought C.tobuy D.buyingInorderthewordafriendlyplace,onemustshowafriendlyface.乐山］A.makes B.making C.tomake D.make一Theregoesthebell.一It'stimeforclass.Let'sstop.［福州市］A.talk Btotalk C.talking D.nottalk四.含非谓语动词的习惯句型：feellikedoingsth.想要做。。。woundlike;wanttodosth.prevent/stop/keepsb.(from)doingsth.godoing结构(目的)：例如，gofishing;goswimming;goshopping bebusydoingsth.忙于做。。。keep(on)doingsth.连续/老是做。。。beworthdoingsth.。。。值得一做。。。spend…(时间)…doingsth./ take(时间)…todosth.getusedtodoingsth./beusedtodoingsth.习惯于。。。payattentiontodoingsth.注意。。。/重视。。。lookforwardtodoingsth.prefer to 与。。。相比。。。。更喜欢/爱。。。。preferstayingathome.toplayingbasketballprefertostayathomeratherthanplaybasketball.Itwasverykind/nice/cruelofyoutogivemeahandyesterday.It,sveryimportant/usefullforyoutolearnEnglishwellnowremember,forget,stop,begin,start,goon,continue中，后接todo或者doing的含义差另lj很大。例：Shestoppedtalkingwhentheteachercamein.Shestoppedtotalkwhentheteachercamein.五.非谓语动词针对性练习：(一).用所给动词的适当形式填空：Allthestudentsarebusy(get)readyforthecomingmathexam.Therewerenoseatsonthebus,soIkept(stand)onthewayhome.BecauseofmypoorEnglish,I,mafraidIcan,tmakemyself(understand)beforeyou.Ittookmeanhour(finish)(do)myhomeworklastnight.ThetwinspreferwatchingTVto(play)football.

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载InthetownIhaveafriend(call)XiaLi.It,struethatourteacherisoftenheard(sing)inherroom.Thenextdaytheyfoundthehills(cover)withsnow.Willyou(notopen)thewindow,please?AtonceJimjumpedintotheriver(save)thegirl.Ihavetried(make)friendswithher,butsheseemsnottocare.Shekeptme(wait)fornearly40minutes.Toobad.Iremember(tell)herabouthimyesterday,butshedoesn,tthinkso.(work)outtheproblemisanotherquestion.What,sthelanguage(speak)inChina?Iwanttoknowiftheycouldgetit(prepare)beforenextFriday.Isawhim(cross)theroadsafelyand(run)away.Idon,tknowwhere(meet)him.Whatmakesyou(think)I,mafarmer?Ilethim(go)earlyashewanted(meet)hisuncleatthestation.(二).根据句意改写句子Theoldmanissooldthathecan'twork.Theoldmanistooold.Idon,tknowhowIcangettotheTVfactory.Idon,tknowtotheTVfactory.Mr.GreenwentbacktoEnglandforaholiday.Mr.GreenwentbacktoEnglandaholiday.MikehopeshecanvisittheGreatWallonday.MikehopestheGreatWalloneday.Doeshesayanythingforhimselfatthemeeting?Doeshehaveanythingforhimselfatthemeeting?Heissostrongthathecancarrytheheavybox.Heisstrongtheheavybox.Hespenttwohoursdoingthework.Ithimtwohoursthework.It,stimeforschool.It,stimeschool.ItseemsthatsheisanEnglishteacher.SheanEnglishteacher.Hisfathersaidtohim,“listentotheteachercarefully.”Hisfathertoldhimtheteachercarefully.(三).单项选择填空:A组：Hefoundithardhisclassmatesatthattime.A.tocatchupwithB.tocatchup C.catchupwithTracycan,tplaythematchnow.Plaeaseinstead.A.haveLilydoit B.makeLilytodoit C.letLilytodoitListen!Canyouhearababyintheroom?A.cry B.tocry C.crying

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载IsawJessietoLucy,shomejustnow.Soshe,snotherenow.A.going B.go C.wentYou,dbetter_tosendmeane-mailwhenyougethome.A.nottoforgetB.don,tforgetC.notforgetWouldyoumindmehowEnglishwords?A.tell,torememberB.telling,torememberC.tell,rememberHewalkedfastforuscatchupwith.A.so,that B.so,to C.too,toTheartistsaidthathehopeddrawingthepicturesoon.A.tofinish B.hissontofinishC.hissonwillfinishSomestudentsfromGrade9dosomefortheold.A.volunteeredto;clean B.volunteered;cleaningC.volunteeredto;cleaning D.volunteered;cleanSorry,Ireallydon,tknowtheclock.A.howshouldImendB.howtomendC.whattomendWhatdoyouthinkisthebestwaythewildanimals?A.protecting B.toprotectC.protected D.protectWhentheywentintothepark,theysawsomeoneChineseKungFu.A.plays B.played C.playingIcan'tsendane-mail.Wouldyoupleaseshowmeit?A.todo B.whattodo C.howtodoJassicapreferredinbedratherthanahorse.A.tolie,ride B.lying,ride C.lie,ridereallyhardhemtoclimbMountQomolangma.A.It,s,of B.Ifs,for C.Thafs,toHeraisedhisvoicetomakeeverybodyintheroom himclearly.A.heard B.hear C.hearingIfyoudon,tfeelwell,youmayjust_.A.stopsreadingB.stoptoread C.stopreadingWehavetwopens ,butIcan,tdecide.A.towritewith,whichonetochoose B.write,whichonetochooseC.towrite,tochoosewhichoneItwasgreatfun apicniconthehill.A.tohave B.ofhaving C.have D.hadWhynot?A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohomeC.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohomeTheyweremade fourteenhoursaday.A.work B.working C.worked D.toworkIsitalwayseasier friendsthantokeepthem?A.making B.make C.tomake D.madeItisbettertoteachamantofishthan himfish.A.giving B.togive C.gives D.gaveWhodoyouthinkyou,dlike ?

A.tomakefriends学习好资料欢迎下载B.makefriendsC.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswithA.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteat单项选择填空：A.tomakefriends学习好资料欢迎下载B.makefriendsC.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswithA.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteat单项选择填空：B组：1.Infact,nooneenjoys_ at.A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughed25.AlthoughJefflovesKFC,hetriesittoooften.D.nottoeatD.tobelaughedD.tobegivenTheyinsistedonanotherchancetotry.D.tobegivenA.given B.givingC.beinggiven—Whereismypassport?Irememberithere.—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Rememberitwithyouallthetime.A.toput;totakeB.putting;takingC.Putting;totakeD.toput;takingHisroomneeds,sohemusthaveit.A.painting;paintedB.painted;paintingC.painting;paintingD.painted;painted5.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequirewithgreatcare.A.lookingafterB.tolookafterC.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof

6.Apolicemansawtwothieves agirl,smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.D.stolenA.tosteal B.stealing C.stoleD.stolenD.tobemissedD.repairedD.tobemissedD.repairedA.missed B.tobemissing C.missingIttooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinishmycar.A.repairing B.repair C.torepairIntheearlymorningshefoundherfatherinbed,dead.A.lying B.lie C.layD.laying10.Now,theclassroomwants atonce.A.clean B.cleaned C.tocleanD.cleaning11.Mr.Wangcameintotheofficewithout thedoor.A.knock B.knockingat C.toknockatD.knockingto12.Mybrotherkeeps mewithmywork.A.tohelp B.help C.helpingD.helped13.Weshouldoftenpractise Englishwitheachother.A.tospeak B.spoke C.speakD.speaking14.Sallyhadnopen yesterdaymorning.A.towrite B.towritewith C.writingD.writingwith15.Thestorywassofunnythatwe.A.couldn'thelplaugh B.can'tbutlaugh16.Whatabout ___totheconcertwithus?A.wego17. cleanisB.wegoing C.goingasafeguardagainstdisease.D.togoA.Tobekeeping18.Seeingis B.Kept__.C.KeepD.KeepingA.tobelieveB.believingC.believedD.beingbelievedC.couldn'thelplaughingD.couldn'thelpbuttolaugh

学习好资料欢迎下载A.goingonvacationC.begoingonvacation23.Thefoodwasdelicious.ThatwasaB.goonvacationD.havegoneonvacation meal.学习好资料欢迎下载A.goingonvacationC.begoingonvacation23.Thefoodwasdelicious.ThatwasaB.goonvacationD.havegoneonvacation meal.A.doB.todo C.doingD.done20.Don'tforget —thisbooktoJohnwhenyouseehim.A.toreturnB.returning C.returnD.toreturning21.Lookaroundwhenthestreet.A.acrossB.crossing C.crossedD.tobecrossing22.Wearebothlookingforwardtonextweek.A.satisfying B.satisfied C.satisfactionD.satisfyDon,thavethemachineallthetime.Itwillgowrong.A.torun B.running C.beenrun D.runThesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepare B.preparing C.prepared D.waspreparing综合能力训练：一.补全对话中所缺的单词，每空一词。（Johnfeelsill.Thedoctorlookshimover.）Doctor:Well,there’snothingserious86you,I,mgladtosay.Youareworkingtoohardandworryingtoo87.Doyoutakeenoughexercise?John:No,doctor.Ineverhaveenoughtime88exxrcise.Istartworkvery89inthemorningandfinishlateintheevening.ThenIcan’tgettosleep.Canyougivemesomemedicinetohelpmetosleep?Doctor:Ican,90I,mnotgoingto.Youdon,tneedmedicine.Remember:Don,tworktoohard.Toomuchworkis91foryou.Don’tworry92yourwork.It'snousetoworry.Takeenoughexercise.John:ButImaylosemyjob（工作），doctor.Ifshardtogetajob93mine.Doctor:Thengetaneasierone,evenifget94money.Whichwouldyouliketohave,healthorwealth（财富）？John:Youareright,doctor.Ifsmoreimportanttobehealthythanwealthy.I’llchangemyjob.Thanksalot.Doctor:Comeandseeme95amonth,stine.Ithinkyou’llbeadifferentman二.完形填空（每题1分，共12分）GilbertjoinedtheScienceClublastsummer.Onedayhewashandedapieceofpaper,ablockofwoodandfourwheels;hewastoldtogohomeand1themallto“dad”.However,Gilberfsmomknewthathisdadwasn,tgoodatmakingthingsanddecidedthatshewouldreadthe2andletGilbertdothework.AfewdayslatertheblockofwoodwasturningintoacarthatGilbertnamed“BlueLightning”.Thenheandhismotherwenttoacarracetogether.Butwhentheythere,Gilbertfoundthathiscarwastheonlyonethathadnotbeenmadebya“father-son”partnership（合作）.Theracebegan.Onebyonethecarswereknockedoutuntilit5tothefinalbetweeenGilbertandJimmy.Justbeforetherace,Gilbertasked6theycouldstopforaminutesothat

学习好资料欢迎下载学习好资料欢迎下载hecouldmakeawish.