英语成语 Figurative idioms隐喻成语

Chapter13

Figurativeidioms隐喻成语

Figurativeidioms隐喻成语Idioms:complexlexicalitemwhichislongerthanawordformbutshorterthanasentence,andwhichhasameaningthatcannotbederivedfromaknowledgeofitscomponentparts.“authenticidioms”(正宗的):idiomscontainingmetaphorscoreofidiomsidiomaticphrasesoridiomaticexpressionsEg.tohelpalamedogoverthestiles（栅栏）adoginthemanger(牛槽)betweenthedevilandthedeepsea猜猜看：Roger：No,there'snothingwronghere,it'sjustIfeellikeasquarepeginaroundhole.格格不入，不适合Whenherealizedwhathehaddone,hehunghishead.感到羞愧比较：Heisintrouble他现在麻烦大.Heisupagumtree.盖满粘液的树Theyloveverymuchsincetheymettwomonthsago.Theylovetopiecessincetheymettwomonthsago.Summary:Metaphorsenablepeopletobemoreexpressive,imagic,interestingandaccurate.形象性，意象性，趣味性，精确性2.1classificationsoffigurativeidioms2.1.1semanticclassificationoffigurativeidioms语义分类2.1.2syntacticclassificationoffigurativeidioms句法分类2.1.1semanticclassificationoffigurativeidioms语义分类Fromtheperspective观点ofpragmatics语用论CollinsCOBUILDDictionaryofIdioms:26fields:P.384Commonfigurativeidioms:人体隐喻航海隐喻农业隐喻运动隐喻生活隐喻军队隐喻P.384-386猜猜看什么意思？Knitone’sbrows忧虑，烦恼Speakwithone’stongueinone’scheek说话无诚意Keepone’schinup不气馁，振作精神Workone’sfingerstothebone拼命地干活2.1.2syntacticclassificationoffigurativeidioms句法分类P.386A)verbal动词动词+宾语：todrawwaterinasieve漏勺竹篮打水Toshutuplikeaclam蛤，突然闭嘴，突然默不作声B)nominal名词定语+名词birdsofafeather一丘之貉Thecreamofsociety社会优秀分子Asweettooth爱吃甜东西Labouroflove乐意做的工作，不取酬的工作C)prepositional介词介词+介词宾语Inthesameboat处于相同的困境Atbay受困，走投无路Inthestraw分娩Inthegreentree在青春旺盛时代Inthepink身体棒极了Inthegreen年富力强时Inthered？black赤字Withthewind顺风2.2originsoffigurativeidioms来源2.2.1fromdailylife日常生活2.2.2fromliteraryworks文学作品2.2.3borrowedidioms外国成语2.2.1fromdailylife日常生活航海业农业磨坊和铁匠铺狩猎体育娱乐人体各部分P.387-390颜色Onceinthebluemoon偶然有一次Outoftheblue完全意外地Beinbrownstudy沉思默想，空想Beborninpurple生于贵族之家；身为望族Whiteelephant无用而累赘的东西动物Fatcat进行贿赂的资本家Oldcat脾气坏的老太婆Bellthecat敢于冒险植物Branchout发枝，讲话离开主题Nipinthebud在萌芽时加以扼杀；防患于未然Beataroundthebushes旁敲侧击Sitonthorns如坐针毡2.2.2fromliteraryworks文学作品圣经Theappleofone’seye心肝宝贝Thebeaminone’sowneye自己的重大缺点Bearone’scross忍受自己的痛苦Separatethesheepfromthegoats区别好人与坏人Reapasonehassown种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆莎士比亚的作品curleddarlings花花公子thesearandyellowleaf暮年singleharness光棍生活biteone’sthumb拇指atsomebody侮辱，鄙视某人2.2.3borrowedidioms外国成语希腊神话/荷马史诗Greekmythology/Homericepics史诗Achilles’heel唯一的弱点，要害BetweenScyllaandCharybdis腹背受敌，进退两难AlaborofHercules非常困难的工作伊索寓言Aesop’sFablesBorrowedplumes向别人借来装门面的漂亮衣服(靠别人得来的声望)Crywolftoooften发假警报Warmaserpentinone’sbosom对坏人仁慈Sourgrapes可望不可即之物Thelaststraw使人忍无可忍之事2.3使用和汉译p.393Collins:ABookofEnglishIdiomsInstandardspokenandwrittenEnglishtoday,idiomisanestablished,universalandessentialelementthat,usedwithcare,ornamentsandenrichesthelanguage.2.3.1.借用法borrowingdirectly2.3.2.直译法literaltranslation2.3.3.意译法freetranslation2.3.1.借用法borrowingdirectly找对应的成语或习惯表达式：Castleintheair空中楼阁TurnadeafeartoAsstrongasanoxAllskinandbones瘦骨伶仃HaveaheartofstoneFishintroubledwaters浑水摸鱼Lookwithfoldedarms袖手旁观Constantdrippingwearsthestone滴水穿石Knowsomethinglikethepalmofone’shand了如指掌用汉语成语作为对应词，但构成词有所不同Toputthecartbeforethehorse本末倒置Killtwobirdswithonestone一箭双雕Burnone’sboats破釜沉舟不留后路Sitonthefence骑墙Insandouts来龙去脉Likeadrownedrat像落汤鸡Appleofone’seye掌上明珠Aflashinthepan昙花一现Hitthenailonthehead击中要害Haveonefootinthegrave行将就木Likeacatonhotbricks像热锅上的蚂蚁Killthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs杀鸡取卵Betweenthedevilandthedeepbluesea进退维谷2.3.2.直译法literaltranslationP.395Armedtoteeth武装到牙齿Ivorytower象牙塔,脱离实际的小天地Crocodile’stearsSourgrapes