仁爱版英语单元话题知识点精编(九年级上下)

仁爱英语单元话题知识点精编(九年级上)Unit1Topic1SectionA1a1/Wherehaveyoubeen,Jane?2/ShehasgonetoCubatobeavolunteer…havebeento意为“去过某地”；havegoneto意为“去了某地”例如:ShehasbeentoHawaii.她去过夏威夷。Hehasgonetothesupermarket,andhewillbebacksoon.他去超市了，很快就会回来。Hehasbeeninthearmyfor2years.他参军两年了。3/Listen!Theregoesthebell.听，（上课的）铃声响了！2aHi,Maria,longtimenosee.longtimenosee好久不见！SectionB1aYoutookpartinsomevolunteeractivitiesduringthesummerholidays,didn’tyou?反义疑问句，又叫做附加疑问句。要注意反义疑问句前后句间的三个关系：人称保持一致，前后时态一致，前后语气要相反。尤其是这种问句在回答过程中具有“口是心非”的特殊性。:A:It’saniceday,isn’tit?天气真不错，不是吗？B:Yes,itis.是的，真不错。例如A:Anndidn’tusetolivehere,didshe?安过去不住在这儿，是吗？B:No,shedidn’t.是的，不住这儿。SectionC1a1/LookatthepictureofBhepast在过去atpresent目前、现在;时下;现下;此时2/inthe1960s=inthe1960’s在二十世纪六十年3/Bigfamilieswerecrowdedintosmallhouses.becrowdedinto挤进…里；…里代挤在4/Fewchildrenhadthechancetoreceiveagoodeducation.receive/getagoodeducation接受良好的教育5/Peoplekeptintouchwiththeirfriendsandrelativesfaraway…1keepintouchwith与…保持联系；getintouchwith与…取得联系;losetouchwith同…失去联系6/Beijinghasmaderapidprogressandithasalreadysucceededinhostingthe2008OlympicGames.a.makeprogress(in)(在…)取得进步例如:Theyaremakingprogressindealingwithproblemstheyfaceintheirdevelopment.他们在处理成长过程中面临的各种问题方面正在取得进步。b.succeedin在…获得成功例如:Shesucceededinswimmingacrosstheriver.她成功游过了那条河。SectionD1a1/Leisureactivitiesplayanimportantpartinpeople’slives.playapartin=playarolein在…扮演…角色；在…起到…作用:DengXiaopingplayedanimportantpartinChina’sreformandopening-up.起着重要的作用。例如邓小平在中国的改革开放中2/Watchingoperasandlisteningtotheradiowerethemainactivitiesintheirsparetime.inone’sspare/freetime在闲暇的时候3/Inrecentyears,moreandmorepeoplelovetotravelduringvacation.inrecentyears近些年来Unit1Topic2SectionA1a1/Ihavejustcalledyou,butyouweren’tin.bein=athome2/SodoI.SodoI.是倒装句，表示前面意为“…也…”；如语,意为“…也不…”:A:Theycanswimwell.提及到的肯定情况也适合另外的人或事物，基本机构为：So+动词+主语,果上文提及到的否定情况也适合另外的人或事物，基本机构为：Neither/nor+动词+主例如B:Socanwe.A:Idon’tliketheweatherhere.B:Neither/nordoesshe.SectionB1a1/Kangkangisreadingareportonpopulationinthenewspaper.on=about意为“有关于…”2/What’sthepopulationoftheUSA?population意为“人口”，可数名词，常用large/big/small等来修饰，针对人口数量提问时要使用what，注意以下几句个子的结构。ThepopulationofChinaisverylarge.中国人口众多。A:What’sthepopulationofChina?(=HowmanypeoplearethereinChina?)B:Itis1.3billion.2A:中国有多少人？B:有十三亿。Chinahasapopulationof1.3billion.(Thereare1.3billionpeopleinChina.)中国有十三亿人。3/Itshowsthatthepopulationindevelopingcountriesislargerthanthatindevelopedcountries,doesn’tit?developed此处为形容词，意为“发达的”；developing此处为形容词，意为“发展中的”。例如:Chinaisadevelopingcountry,andJapanisadevelopedone.4/Soitis.意为“确实这样”,属于不完全倒装句，用于对上文内容进行肯定，基本结构为：So+主语+动词例如:A:Maybeyourhatisonthebed.A:也许你的帽子在床上。A:Ithinkitwillrainsoon.B:Oh,soitis.B:哦，确实在床上。B:Soitwill.A:我认为快要下雨了。B:是快要下雨了。A:PerhapstheyhavegonetoBeijingonbusiness.A:可能他们去北京出差了。B:的确如此。B:Sotheyhave.SectionC1a1/That’salmosthalfoftheworld’spopulation.2/Chinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld,andaboutonefifthofthepeopleintheworld.分数次的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；先读分子后读分母；当分子大于1时，分母的序数英语中词使用复数形式。例如:onethirdtwofifthsa/onehalfthreeanda/onehalfonequarter/onefourththreefourths/threequarters注意比较分数词用作主语时谓语动词单复数的使用规律：Onethirdofthestudentsinourschoolaregirls.我们学校有三分之一的学生是女生。Threequartersoftheplaygroundissurroundedbytrees.操场四分之三为树木所环抱。Onehalfoftheoilwaseatenupbythelittlemouse.一半的油被这只小老鼠吃掉了。3/Sofar,ourgovernmenthastakenmanymeasurestocontrolthepopulation.takemeasures(todo)采取措施…4/Oneisknownastheone-childpolicy.有一项措施被称作独生子女政策。beknownas是固定短语，意为“已知的，知名的；被称作，称作，叫做；作为…而出名”。例如:ThevillageisknownasGardenMill.该村就是为人所熟知的米尔花园。LiuHuanisknownasasinger.刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。WhatisthiskindofchocolateknownasinAmerica?这种巧克力在美国叫什么?5/IthasworkedwellincontrollingChina’spopulation.workwellin意为“起作用，功效不错，效果很好”例如:Thisruleworkedverywellinreducingtheaccidentsontheroads.这项规章在减少道路事故方面效果很好。2Ithasreached20percentoftheworld’spopulation.20percent百分之二十，注意百分数用作主语时谓语动词单复数的使用规律：90%ofthestudentsinourschooldon’tlikeschooluniforms.我们学校有百分之九十的学生不喜欢校服。370%oftheapplehasgonebad.这个苹果百分之七十坏了。30%ofthewaterintheglasslooksclear.杯中的水30%看上去很清澈。SectionD11/Thesmalltownissurroundedbytrees.besurroundedby被…所环抱例如:Ourcityissurroundedbymountains.那座城市四面环山。2/Theyarecarefulwithgarbageand…becarefulwith注意，小心，当心例如:Becarefulwiththetrafficinthestreet!要当心街上的车辆啊！Unit1Topic3SectionA1a1/YouhavebeeninNewYorkforalongtime.你在纽约已经很长时间了。havebeenin表示到目前为止状态的持续例如:Hehasbeeninthiscompanyforthreeyears.(√)Hehascometothiscompanyforthreeyears.(×)注意比较：havebeenin/havebeento/havegoneto2/Youwillgetusedtoitverysoonifyoucome.getusedto=beusedto习惯于…to为介词；usedtodo过去常常…例如:Weusedtogetupat8:00,nowwegetusedtogettingupat6:00.我们过去常常八点起床，现在习惯了六点起床。3/Asamatteroffact,it’sawonderfulplacetolive.实际上，这是个居住的好地方。asamatteroffact插入语，意为“实际上，事实上”tolive此处用作定语，修饰place；当动词不定式作定语时，通常与被修饰词之该不定式是不及物动词，要加上必要的介词；当动词不定式修饰的名词是place时，不定式后面通常不加介词。间存在动宾关系，如果例如:Ihavenofriendstotalkwith.我没有可以交谈的朋友。Couldyoupleasegivemeachairtositon?你能给我一个可坐的椅子吗？Itwastoolatetofindaplacetolive.时间太晚了很难找个住的地方。SectionB1a1/Sinceitstarted,ithashelpedhundredsofpeoplereturnedtoworkandliveanormallife.returntowork重新工作；live…alife过上….的生活2/Oncetheyfindpeopleinneed,theydecideonsuitablewaystoofferthemhelp.他们一旦发现有人身处困境，就会选定适当的方式来帮助他们。once连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一旦…就…”。例如:OnceyouareinAmerica,youwillknowhowdevelopedthecountryis.4一旦你身处美国，就会知道这个国家是多么发达。inneed意为:Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难朋友才是真朋友。Weareraisingmoneyforchildreninneed.我们正在为贫困儿童筹钱。“在困难时；在贫困中”例如1bTheprogramhelpsthehomelesspeopleinmanyways.ina…way意为“用…方式(方法例如:Couldyouworkoutthemathprobleminanotherway?你能用另外一种方法算出这道数学题吗？)”2Manypeoplegotintroubleandsomeevenlosttheirhomes.getintrouble意为“遇到麻烦境”:WewillgetintroublewhenMr.Elliotreturns.如果艾利奥特先生回来我们就麻烦、身处困例如了。SectionC1a1/Sometimespeoplearehomelessbecausetheyhaveaproblemwithdrugsorbecause…haveaproblemwith有…方面的问题例如:ManycitiesinChinahaveaproblemwithsmog.中国很多城市存在雾霾问题。2/Nooneiseverhomelessonpurpose.onpurpose故意地、特地例如:Iknowyoudidn’tbreakthevaseonpurpose.我知道你不是故意打碎那个花瓶的。3/Whateverthecauseofhomelessnessis,…whatever无论什么whenever无论何时wherever无论哪里however无论怎样、然而、但是例如:Don’tbelievehimwhateverhesays.=Nomatterwhathesays,don’tbelievehim.无论他说什么都别相信。WhereverIam,Iwillbeproudofmymotherland.无论我身在何地，都会为祖国而骄傲。Youcanphonethedoctor.However,IwonderwhetherhewillcomeoutonaSaturdaynight.你可以给医生打电话。4/Wemustthinkofthehomelessaspeople,notjustasproblems.我们必须关心无家可归的人，儿不仅仅是将无家可归视为（社会）问题。thinkof…as…意为“把…视为…；把…看成是…”:Ithinkofthisplaceasmyhome.我把这个地方当成家。Manypeoplealwaysthinkofhimasathief.很多人都将他当贼看。不过，我怀疑他是否会在周六晚上出诊。例如SectionD1a1/By2012,ProjectHopehadraised8.73billionyuan.截止到2012年，希望工程筹集的资金已有87.3亿元。by意为“截止到…为止”此句使用了过去完成时态，过去完成时由had+过去分词构成，表示在过去某个动作或某个时间点之前已经发生的动作。例如:Theplanehadalreadytakenoffwhenwegottotheairport.当我们到机场时飞机已经起飞了。Theyhadmade10,000yuanbytheendoflastmonth.截止到上个月底他们挣了一万元。52/ProjectHopehasmadeimportantcontributionstoboth…makeacontributionto意为“为…做贡献”，to为介词，注意:Wemustmakeacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment.我们必须为保护环境做贡献。to后宾语的特点。例如Everyoneshouldmakeacontributiontothesociety.人人都该为社会做贡献。Unit2Topic1SectionA1aWhatashame!Look!Thereareseveralchemicalfactoriespouringwastewaterintothestream.Whatashame!真遗憾啊！多可惜啊！Therebe…doing有…正在做…例如:Thereisanoldmancrossingtheroad,let’sgotohelphim.有位老人在过马路，我们去帮帮他吧。Therearethreegirlsdancingunderthetree.树下有三个女孩在跳舞。SectionB1a1/I’vegotapaininmythroat.我喉咙（嗓子）疼。havegot=have2/Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis?I’vebeenlikethissincelastweek.belikethis属于系表结构，指状态上“像这个样子”，与表示一段时间的短语（这里指howlong）连用在现在完成时态中。例如:Ithasbeenveryfoggyforaboutoneweek.天雾蒙蒙的大约一周了。Thefilmhasbeenonfor10minutes.电影演了十分钟。3/Bytheway,haveyounoticedthedeadfishintheriver?注意以下几个单词的比较die(动)死亡Mypetdodgiedfivemothsago.Mydoghasbeendeadfor5months.Wewereverysurprisedathisdeath.dead(形)死去的death(名)死亡dying(形)垂死的，垂危的Thereisadyingcatunderthetree.2IthinkpeopleshouldcarefortheseproblemsandIhope…carefor关心、关注SectionC1a1/However,notallpeopleknownoiseisalsoakindofpollutionandisharmfultohuman’shealth.并非所有人都知道噪音也是一种污染，而且也会对人的健康造成危害。Notall…表示不完全否定（即部分否定），意为“并非所有的都…”，not与both,all,every以及every的派生部分否定。词连用表示6

例如:NoteverybodylikeswatchingTV.并非人人喜欢看电视。Notallthestudentsaregoingtotheexhibition.不是所有学生都去看展览。neither,none,nothing,nobody,noone表示完全否定。例如:Neitherofthestudentslikesreading.这两个学生都不喜欢读书。Ithinknothingisdifficultforme.我觉得对我来说一切都不难。beharmfulto=doharmto有害于…例如:Fruitjuicecandoharmtochildren’steeth.果汁对儿童的牙齿有害。Noisepollutioncanbeharmfultopeople’shearing.噪音污染有害于人的听力。2/Peoplewhoworkandliveinnoisyconditionsoftengodeaf.在喧嚣环境中工作和生活的人常常耳聋。godeaf变聋go+形容词一般表示由好二变得…例如:go+blind(盲的)/mad(疯狂的)/bad(坏的，变质的)/pale(苍白的)/red(脸红的)3/ItwasreportedthatmanyteenagersinAmericacanhearnobetterthan65-year-oldpeopledo…“Itisreportedthat+句子”意为“据报道…”例如:Itisreportedthat300millionpeopleinChinahaveeyesighttrouble.据报道在中国有三亿人有视力问题。nobetterthan意为“同…（几乎）一样；和…（几乎）一样坏”例如:Thepathisnobetterthanasheeptrack.那条路简直就是一条羊肠小道。HisEnglishisnobetterthanmine.他的英语同我的英语一样不好(同样差)。Unit2Topic2SectionA1a1/Asaresult,alotofrichlandhaschangedintodesert.changeinto变成…例如:Theuglycaterpillarwillchangeintoabeautifulbutterfly.丑陋的毛虫会变成美丽的蝴蝶。2/Theycanalsostopthewaterfromwashingtheearthaway.stop…fromdoing意为“阻止例如:Whatstoppedyoufromgettinghereontime?什么事情让你没能准时到这儿？washaway意为“冲走例如:Ourhousewaswashedawayintheflood.我们的房屋…做某事””在洪水中被冲走了。4Someanimalsareindangerofdyingoutcompletely.dieout绝迹，消失;绝种;绝灭SectionB1a1/Noneofuslikespollution.none意为三个或三个以上“全都不、一个也不，没有一个”，本身表示否定语气，是all的反义词。注意none用作主语时谓语动词的使用特点。Allofthestudentsareworkinginthefield.所有的学生都在田里干活呢。Allofthestudentsarenotworkinginthefield.(×)所有的学生都没有在田里干活。→7Noneofthestudentsareworkinginthefield.或者：Noneofthestudentsisworkinginthefield.没有一个学生在田里干活。Noneofyoucouldliftit.你们中没有人可举起它。Noneofusknows/knowhim.我们都不认识他。/我们当中没有一个人认识他。附:none&noonenone既可以指代人也可以指代物，而noone只能指代人，用于表示“没有人”“没有一个人”，“谁也不”，不与of连用，作主语时谓语动词用单数;none还可以用于回答howmany，表示数量“一个没有”。Noonelikesthebook.没有人喜欢这本书。Nooneknowshowtodoit.没有人知道怎样做那件事。—Howmanybirdsarethereinthetree?树上有多少只鸟？—None.一只都没有。—Whoisintheclassroom?谁在教室里？—Noone.谁都不在（一个人也没有）。21/Worstofall,someofthemarequiterude…worstofall最糟糕的是2/Phebeginning起初、一开始SectionC1aToomuchharmfulradiationfromthesunpassesthroughtheholeandreachestheearthdirectly.through介词“透过，穿过”，试比较through/over/past/acrossGoacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthelittleshop.Hewaslookingatusthroughthewindow.Hejumpedoverthefenceandranaway.Hewalkedpastmewithoutsayinganything.SectionD1a1/Butpeople’sneedforwaterisincreasingdaybyday.daybyday日益；日趋；日渐；一天天地例如:Herhealthwasimprovingdaybyday.她的健康状况在一天天好转。2/Whilenearly3/4oftheearthiscoveredwithwater,wearestillshortofdrinkingwater.beshortof缺少、短缺例如:Weshouldplantmoretrees.butweareshortofmoney.我们应多种树，可是我们缺少资金。Unit2Topic3SectionA1a81/Weencouragestudentstocollectwastepaperandsoftdrinkcans.Thenwesortthemsothatthey…encourage…todo鼓励…做某事例如:Ourheadteacherencouragesustoplantmoretrees.我们班主任鼓励我们多种树sort此处为动词，意为“将…分类”,sort还具有名词词性，意为“种类”,allsortsof=allkindsof各种各样。的。例如:Youcanseeallsortsofflowersinthismarket.在这家市场你能见到各种各样的花。2Workhard,oryouwillfailtheexam./Hurryup,oryouwillmissthebus.hurryup“快点，抓紧时间”，用于催促别人。例如:Hurryup,it’syourturntogivethespeech.快点，该你演讲了。hurryoff表示“匆忙离去”；inahurry表示“急匆匆地”:Hehurriedofftothetrainstation.他匆忙离开去了火车站。例如Ericleftthepartyinahurry.埃里克急匆匆地离开派对。SectionB1a1/First,yououghttoshutofftheelectricitywhenyouleavearoom.shutoff意为“断掉，切断；关掉”oughtto意为“应该,理应”，构成oughttodosth.例如:Ithinkyououghttodosomehouseworkathome.我觉得你在家应该干些家务活。Yououghtnottobeangrywithyourparents.你不该生父母的气。2/Easiersaidthandone.完整句子It’sEasiersaidthandone.意为“说起来容易做起来难”。3/Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.行动比语言更响亮；行胜于言；行动胜于空话；说得好不如做得好SectionC1aThetraincanreachatopspeedof431kmperhour.top意为“最高的；最大的”,topspeed意为“极速，最高速”perhour每小时例如:Thenewten-speedbicyclecangoat80kmperhour.这种新款速十自行车能够达到时速80公里。2aTheywillneverrunoutsotheyarecalled…runout(of)意为“用光，耗尽”例如:Wehaverunoutofallthefoodandwater.我们已经消耗掉了所有的食物和水。Unit3Topic1SectionA1a93/EnglishisspokenasthemainlanguageinAmericaas此处为“作为:Asastudent,youshouldhandinyourhomeworkontime.作为.介词，意为”例如学生你应该按时上交作业。31/WaltDisneywasagreatfilm-makeraswellasanartist.aswellas意为“也”,“不但…而且…”例如:George,aswellashisbrother,hasgoneabroad.乔治出国了，他Thechildislivelyaswellashealthy.这孩子既活泼又健康。弟弟也出国了。Theyhaveinvitedyouaswellasme.他们邀请了你，也邀请了我。Hehasgotacaraswellasamotorbike.他有辆汽车还有辆摩托车。IwillbefreeonMondayaswellasonFriday.周一2/Atlast,hewaspleasedwithoneofhispicturesofthemouse.bepleasedwith=besatisfiedwith意为“对…感觉满意:Areyoupleasedwithmyspeech?你对我的演讲满意吗？周五我都有空。”例如SectionB1a1/I’mgoingtoCubaonbusinesstonight.onbusiness意为“出差”2/IsSpanishsimilartoEnglish?besimilarto意为“与…相似”例如:ThisgameissimilartoStarcraftinsomeways.这款游戏在某些方面与星际争霸相似。3/Isitpossibleforyoutohavetroublecommunicating?havetrouble(in)doing意为:Wehadmuchtroublefindyourhome.我们好不容易才找到你家。4/Idon’tthinkIwillhaveanylongconversationsinSpanish.“做某事有困难”例如当宾语从句的主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,consider,expect,imagine,feel,seem等时，存在后句否定词前移的现象。例如:Idon’tbelievehetreatedthechildlikethat.我相信他不会那样对待那孩子。Itdoesn’tseemthatheknowstheway.似乎他不认识路。5/Willtheinterpreterexplaintoyouthecultureofthecountry?explainto意为“向…解释/说明”:Heexplainedtheimportanceofplantingtreestous.他向我们解释了植树的重要性。例如4divideinto意为“划分成…，分割成…”例如:Dividethecakeintoquartersandshareit.把蛋糕分成四份然后享用吧。SectionC1a1/Recentsurveysshowthatmorethan500millionpeoplespeakEnglishastheirmothertongue.mothertongue意为“母语2/Itisclearthat…Itisclearthat+句子意为:Itisclearthatourschoolisthebestinthecity.很明显”“显而易见”例如,我们学校是全市最好的学校。2TheEnglishlanguageplaysanimportantpartinourlives.playapartin…意为“在...中起作用；在...扮演角色”:DengXiaopingplayedanimportantpartinChina’sreformandopening-up.改革开放中起着重要的作用。例如邓小平在中国的SectionD1a1/TheAmericancomputerandInternetindustryhavetakentheleadingpositionintheworld.taketheleadingposition居领先地位2/andthestudyofEnglishisregardedasaveryimportant…regard…as…意为“将…视为…”例如:Weregardhimasarealfriendofours.我们将他视为我们真正的朋友。Unit3Topic2SectionA1a1/MichaelandKangkangaregoingtoseethemoff.Nowtheyareontheirwaytotheairport.see…off给…送行onone’swayto在去往…的途中/路上与way相关短语，比如：onthewayto在去往…路上;in…way用…方式/方法;insomeways在某些方面例如:Weoftenseehimonthewaytoschool.我们Canyouanswermyquestioninanothernewway?你能用另外一种新方法回答我的问题吗？Theylookthesameinsomeways.在某些方面他们2/Ican’tbelievethatI’mflyingtoDisneyland.I’mflyingtoDisneyland.此处利用现在进行时态表达将来，意为中经常使用come,go,leave等词语的:Myuncleismeetingustomorrow.我叔叔明经常在上学途中见到他。看上去一样。“我要飞往迪士尼乐园了。”英语现在进行时态表达将来例如天会去接我们。Heisleavinginanhour.他一小时后就要走了。113/Thestrangerisaskingforaride.Excuseme,couldyoupleasegivemearidetotheairport?askforaride意为“请求搭车”；give…aride意为“让…搭车:WhatshouldIdoifastrangerasksmeforaride?如果陌生人要搭车我该怎么办？4/IhopeIwon’thavemuchdifficultyincommunication.havedifficulty/trouble(in)意为“在某方面有困难”或“做某事有困难”。:IhavemuchdifficultyinEnglishpronunciation.我在英语发音方面困难不小。注意比较：”例如例如Wehadnotroublefindingthecomputertrainingcenter.我们不费力就找到了电脑培训中心。5/Wheneveryouneedhelp,sendmeane-mailorcallme.whenever=nomatterwhen意为类似表达有whatever=nomatterwhat:Don’tgiveupwheneveryoufailinanexam.不管何时考试不及格都不要放弃。Iwilltakeprideinmymotherlandnomatterwhere(=wherever)Iam.“无论何时”wherever=nomatterwherehowever=nomatterhow例如无论身在何地，我都为祖国骄傲。SectionB1a1/Ithinkthatisknownasbodylanguage.beknownas意为“所谓的”或“被称为:Ourgovernmenthastakenmanymeasurestocontrolthepopulation,oneisknownastheone-childpolicy.我们的政府采取了很多措施来控制人beknownas有时也被译作“作为…很出名”:TomCruiseisknownasanactoraswellasafilmmaker.作为演员兼电影制片人汤姆克鲁斯很出，被叫做”例如口，其中之一就是所谓的独生子女政策。例如名。2/Iwonderifbodylanguagemeansthesamethinginallcultures.wonder用作动词时，意为“惊奇；怀疑”,常用于引导宾语从句:Wewonderhowhedidthat.我们想知道是他是怎么做到的。想知道；例如Iwonderwhyyouarelateforclasseveryday.我很好奇你为什么每天都上课迟到呢？SectionC1a1/Butinwesterncountries,dogsareconsideredhonestandgoodfriendsofhumans.Inancienttimes,dragonswereregardedasstrongandmagicalcreatures.regard…as…都意为“将…视为…”:Manypeopleconsiderdogs(as)theirclosefriends.=Manypeopleregarddogsastheirclosefriends.很多人将狗视为亲密的朋友。注意比较consider…(as)…例如Weconsiderhim(as)agenius.→Heisconsidered(as)ageniusbyus.我们将他们看做天才。Weregardhimasagenius.我们将他们看做天才。→Heisregardedasageniusbyus.2/Theancientemperorscomparedthemselvestopare…to…将…比喻成…12compare…with…将…比作:Weoftencompareourcountrytoabigfamily.我们经常将国家比作大家庭HecomparedthelivingconditionsherewiththoseinShanghai.这儿的生活条件同上海的生活条件作了比较。…例如。他将Unit3Topic3SectionA1a1/CouldmakeyourselfunderstoodintheUSA?此处understood为过去分词，用作宾语yourself的补足语,整句意为“在美国别人懂你的意思吗？”（即：在美国你能否被他人理解？）例如:Iwasgladtoseetheoldmanwelltakencareofintheoldpeople’shome.我很高兴地看到这位老人在敬老院被照顾的不错。Youmustgetyourarticlefinishedontime.你必须按时完成你的文章。2/SometimeIgotintotrouble.getintotrouble意为“陷入困境，遇到麻烦”3/…butIdarenotspeakEnglishinpublic.dare意为“敢于，敢”,具有实意动词和情态动词两种用法，与need用法相似。daretodo(实意动词用法)；daredo(情态动词用法)例如:Shedarestogooutaloneatnight.(=Shedaregooutaloneatnight.)她敢一个人在夜里外出。Theydaretoswimacrosstheriver.(=Theydareswimacrosstheriver.)他们敢游过那条河。注意否定句和疑问句句式的变化：Shedoesn’tdaretogooutaloneatnight.Doesshedaretogooutaloneatnight?Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.Dareshegooutaloneatnight?4/AndIalwaysfeelsleepyinEnglishclasses.注意比较：sleep(动词：睡觉，入睡；名词：睡眠)sleepy(形容词：困倦的)asleep(形容词：睡着的)sleeping(形容词：供睡眠用的)例如:Jennywasfullofpowerafteralongsleep.睡了长长的一觉后，詹妮感觉精力充沛。Idon'tsleepintheafternoons.我在下午不睡觉。PleasebuymetwoticketsonthesleepingcartoParis.请给我买两张去巴黎的卧铺车票。Myfouryear-olddaughterwasasleeponthesofa.我四岁的女儿在沙发上睡着了。Shewasstilltiredandsleepywhenwewokeher.我们叫醒她后，她还是又累又困的。5/AttimesIfeellikegivingup.attimes意为“有时”，等同于sometimes3akeepadiaryinEnglishkeepadiary记日记SectionB1a131/CouldyougiveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?句中howtolearnEnglishwell充当介词on的宾语特殊疑问词+todo结构可以充当很多句子成分例如:Iwonderwhattodonext.我很好奇接下来做什么。（动词宾语）MybiggestproblemishowtoimprovemyEnglish.我最大的问题是如何提高英语水平。（表语）Whentostartwillbediscussedatthemeeting.何时出发会在会议上讨论的。（主语）2/Thinkaboutyouranswer,takeadeepbreathandsmile.takeadeepbreath深呼吸，深吸一口气SectionC1a1/I’mverygladtoshareourgroups’opinionswithyou.share…with…意为“与…分享…”例如:Isharethebigroomwithmyfriends.我和我的朋友共用这个大房间。2/ImyselfpreferwatchingEnglishmovies.prefer意为“更喜欢;宁愿”，过去式及过去分词同形为preferred，常用句型有：A.prefer…to…意为“喜欢...而不喜欢...”，“喜欢...胜过...”，或“宁愿...而不愿...”，宾语为名词、代词或doing,其中to是介词，不是动词不定式符号。例如:HeprefersEnglishtoChinese.比起语文他更喜欢英语。Heprefersswimmingtosurfing.同冲浪相比,他更喜欢游泳。B.prefertodo…ratherthan(to)do…意为“宁愿...而不...”例如:Shepreferstostayathomeratherthan(to)gowithus.她宁愿呆在家里，也不愿和我们一起去。3/It’sanhourtotalkwithallofyouhere.It’sanhourtodo…意为“很荣幸做某事”例如:It'sanhonortohavethischancetospeakhere.很荣幸有机会在这里发表讲话。4/…evenwithforeignersasoftenaspossible.as…aspossible意为“尽可能地…”，=as…assb.can例如:Weshouldlistentotheteacherascarefullyaspossible.(=Weshouldlistentotheteacherascarefullyaswecan.)课堂上我们应该尽可能认真听老师讲课。Yououghttogettoschoolasearlyaspossible.(=Yououghttogettoschoolasearlyasyoucan.)你应尽可能早点到校。注意：each与every的比较。A.each为形容词和代词，作代词时可用eachof强调个别含义，指两个以上的事物中的一个。例如:Thereareshopsoneachsideofthestreet.(形容词)Eachofthestudentshasadictionary.(代词)B.every为形容词，后不能接of…，用来指三个或三个以上的人或事物中的每一个.例如:Everystudentintheclasshasfinishedhis/theirhomework.全班每个学生都完成了家庭作业Noteveryoneofuscandoit.我们并非人人都能做此事。(Notevery…表示部分否定，each无此用法)。5/I’msurethatyouwillmakegreatprogressaslongasyousticktothem.☆stickto意为“坚持，坚守”例如:Healwaysstickstohispromise.他总是遵守诺言。Hehasstucktoswimminginwinteralltheseyears.这些年他一直坚持冬泳。14☆aslongas意为“只要…”，用于引导条件状语从句。例如:Idon'tmindaslongasitdoesn'train.只要不下雨我就不在乎。Aslongasyoudrivecarefully,youwillbeverysafe.只要你开车小心，你就会很安全。Unit4Topic1SectionA1a1/What’sitmadeof?It’smadeofmetal.bemadeof意为“用…制成”（从成品科看出原材料）；bemadefrom意思也是“用…制成”(从成品看不出原材料)例如:Thedeskismadeofwood.这张桌子用木头做的。Thepaperismadefromwood.纸张是用木材做的。注意比较以下短语的含义：bemadeby由…制造bemadein在…制造bemadeinto被制成…Wasthiscakemadebyyourmother?这蛋糕是你妈妈做的吗？ThiscellphoneismadeinAmerica.这部手机是美国制造的。Metalcanbemadeintoallkindsofthings.金属可制成各种物品。2/It’susedforsendingsatellitesorspaceshipsintospace.注意比较以下短语的含义：beusedfordoing(强调用途)被用来…Astampisusedforsendingaletter.邮票是用来寄信的。beusedtodo(强调目的)被用来…Thewordcanbeusedtodescribemyfeelingnow.这词可用于描述我此刻的感受。beusedas被当做…使用beusedby被…使用Thedeskisusedasabedinmyroom.在我屋里那桌子被当床用。Awalkingstickisoftenusedbyhisgrandpa.他爷爷经常使用手杖。3/IwishIcouldgointospacesomeday.wish后面的从句使用过去时态，是一种虚拟语气的用法，用以说明从句中的愿望实现可能性很小或不可能实现。4/Ihopeyourdreamwillcomeetrue和achieve都意为“实现”，注意比较用法:I’msurethatyoudreamwillcometrueinthefuture.(不及物动词)I’msurethatyoucanachieveyourdream.(及物动词)SectionB1aIt’ssaidthatheinventedmorethantwothousandthingsduringhislife.It’ssaidthat…意为“据说…”例如:It’ssaidthatshelivedtobeover100.据说她活到一百多岁。duringone’slife(=inone’slife=allone’slife)一生，一辈子例如:Shehasbeentomanycountriesduringherlife.她这一生去过很多国家。SectionC1a151/Inventionscomeaboutinmanyeabout意为“发生例如:Canyoutellmehowtheaccidentcameabout?你能告诉我这起事故是怎么发生的吗？2/Thisisthetimetobrainstormforideasandtoevaluatethem.这时你应该多想注意brainstorm意为“集思广益；集体献计”、产生”，并对它们进行评估。例如:Brainstormasmanyideasaspossible.尽量动脑筋，多想办法。3/Makeadetaileddrawingofyourinvention…makeadrawingof意为“将…绘成图”例如:Canyoumakeadrawingofthethief?您能把那个贼画出来吗？Unit4Topic2SectionA1a1/Ithinkwewillliveinspaceoneday.inspace在太空中2/Wewillbeabletodoanythingthatcanbedoneontheearth.其中“thatcanbedoneontheearth”为修饰anything的定语从句ontheearth意为“在地球上”（=onearth）,onearth还有“究竟，到底”之意。例:Whatdoyouwanttosaytousonearth?你到底想对我们说什么？3Iwon’tbelievetherearealiensuntilIseethemmyself.until用于肯定句时意为“直到…”，前句动词具有延续性。例:Wewaitedthereuntillateintothenight.我们在那儿一直等到深夜。not…until…意为“直到…才…”，前句动词为非延续性。例:Tomdidn’tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.汤姆知道他妈妈回来才上床睡觉。SectionB1aThenourdreamswillberealized.realize意为“实现”(=achieve)Youcanachieve(=realize)yourdreamaslongasyouworkharderfromnowon.Yourdreamwillcometrueaslongasyouworkharderfromnowon.从现在起只要你更加努力学习你就会梦想成真。3aJustaminute稍等片刻intheuniverse在宇宙中SectionC1a1/…andisnamedafterMars,theRomangodofwar.16name…after…意为“以…命名…”例:Hewasnamedafterhisfather.他以其父亲的名字命名。2/Itsdiameteris53%aswideasthatoftheearth.倍数的表达法：倍数+as+形容词或副词+as例:Thisboxis4timesasheavyasthatone.这箱子比那个箱子重4倍。Tom’shomeistwiceasbigasJim’s.汤姆的房间是吉姆房间的两倍大。3/Marsgoesaroundthesunatadistanceabout228millionkilometers.atadistanceof…相隔…at/fromadistance在远处例:Wewatchedthematadistanceof200meters.我们在200外注视着他们。Thepolicefollowedhimatadistance.警察远远地跟着他。2IthasbeentwodayssincewelandedonMars.“Itis/hasbeen+一段时间since+从句”是现在完成时态经常使用的句型，从句中的动词具有非延续性。例:Ithasbeenalongtimesincetheyleft.他们离开很久了。Itisthreemonthssincewewenttoseeherlasttime.自从我们上次去看她（至今）都三个月了。（=我们都三个月没去看她了。）SectionDSomespaceshipshavegonebeyondthesolarsystem.beyond介词，意为“超出”例:Oursuccesswasbeyondwhatwethought.我们的成功超出了我们的预想。Unit4Topic3SectionA1a1/That’sgreat!ItprovesthatChinahasmadegreatprogressinitsspaceve动词，意为“证实，证明”，常见两种用法。例:ThisprovesthatIwasright.这证明我是正确的。JustgivemeachanceandIwillproveittoyou.只要给我机会我就会证明给你看。41/…wasthefirstmantosetfootonthemoon.setfooton踏上、登上2/Alongwithhispartner,…alongwith连同…一起例:Shecametothepartyalongwithherboyfriend.她和男朋友一起来参加聚会。SectionB1c17Kangkangmadeuphismindtoworkhardtomastercomputertechnology.makeupone’smind意为下决心做某事例:Theymadeuptheirmindtosellthehouse.他们下决心要卖掉房子。SectionC1a1/…theyhavebecomeveryimportantinmanyareasofworkandleisure.in…area在…方面2/Thereisnodoubtthat…Thereisnodoubtthat…意为例:Thereisnodoubtthatnothingcanchangehismind.毋庸置疑没什么会让他Thereisnodoubtatallthatwedidtherightthing.毫无疑问，我们做得对。3/Withthehelpofcomputers,….withthehelpof…意为“在…帮助之下例:WehavemaderapidprogresswiththehelpofMr.Brown.“毋庸置疑的是…”改变主意。”在布朗先生的帮助下我们取得了快速的进步。4/…whichareinsidepatients’bodiescankeeptheirheartsbeatingnormally.keep…doing意为“让…不断做例:Ourteacherkeptusreadingandreadingallday.老师让我们”一整天不停地读啊读。5/Forinstance,ifweworkoncomputerstoolong,…forinstance=forexample意为“例如”例:Shedoesn’tcaretime,forinstance,shearrivedanhourlatefortheimportantmeetingyesterday.她才不拿时间当回事儿呢，例如，昨天那个重要的会议她晚到了一小时！6/Besides,noteverythingwereadontheInternetistrueorgoodforus.besides和except都是介词，都有“除…以外”之意，besides强调“除此以外还…”，except强调“除去而不包含”之意。另外besides还有“况且，而且，还”之意例:Iwillbefreetomorrowbesidestoday.除今天以外我明天也有空。（今天也有空）BesidesEnglish,westudymanyothersubjects.除英语我们IwillbefreeeverydaynextweekexceptMonday.下周除周一以外我每天都有空。（周一没空）TheyallwentthereexceptLiMing.除李明以外他们。还学其他很多科目。（英语也学习）都去那儿了。（李明没去）SectionD1a1/Nooneknowsforcertain,butmostpeoplethink...know/sayforcertain意为“确切知道/肯定地说”例:Iknowforcertainthathe’sback,buthedoesn’tanswerme.我肯定他在