系统解剖学英文版教学课件：Ribs (Costae) and rib cage

Thelongcurvedboneswhichformtheribcagewhichconsistsof12pairofribs,thesternum,costalcartilages,andthe12thoracicvertebrae.Ribcagesurroundsthethoracic(chest)cavityenablingthelungstoexpandandthusfacilitatebreathingbyexpandingthechestcavity.Protectthelungs,heart,andotherinternalorgansofthethorax.Ribs(Costae)andribcageTrueRibs(1-7)FalseRibs(8-10)SternumFloatingRibs(11-12)ThoracicCage12thoracicvertebraeCostalcartilagesManubriumBodyXiphoidProcessJugular/suprasternalnotchClavicularnotchforclavicleArticularsiteforrib1ManubriosternalangleImportantlandmarkRib2attacheshereSternumCostalnotchesforribs2-7Attachmentofcostalcartilagesofrib2-7

XiphisternaljointManubriumBodyXiphoidprocessJugularnotchSternalangle

SternumStructuresofribsPosteriorviewRibsVertebraeAnteriorviewAppendicularSkeletonSkeletonofTheUpperLimbComponents:BonesoftheshouldergirdleBonesofupperlimbsHumerusUlnaRadiusCarpalsMetacarpalsPhalangesBonesoftheShoulderGirdleClavicleScapulaTwosurfaces：

anteriorsurface-subscapularfossadorsalsurface-spineofscapula,acromion,supraspinousfossa,infraspinousfossaScapulaThreebordersSuperior-coracoidprocess,suprascapularnotchLateralmedial

ScapulaThreeangles:SuperiorInferior-the7thriblateral-glenoidcavityScapulaScapulaLateralviewBonesofupperlimb1.ArmHumerus2.ForearmRadius-thelateralboneUlna-themedialbone3.HandCarpalbones-8Metacarpalbones–5Phalanges-14ThehumerusTheupper(proximal)end:Headofhumerus

Greatertubercle(lateral)Lessertubercle

(medial)Surgicalneck

Body:DeltoidtuberositySulcusforradialnerveThelowerend:Capitulum(lateral)Trochlea(medial)Coronoidfossa(ant)Olecranonfossa(post)Lateralandmedialepicondyles

Sulcusforulnarnerve

ThehumerusTheradiusTheproximalend:HeadNeckRadialtuberosityRadialnotchforulnaTheshaft:InterosseousborderThedistalend:StyloidprocessTheulnaTheproximalend:OlecranonCoronoidprocessTrochlearnotchUlnartuberosityTheshaft:InterosseousborderThedistalend:HeadStyloidprocess

Bonesofthehand

1.Carpalbones(bonesofthewrist,8)Theproximalrow:(L→M)scaphoid,lunate,triquetralandpisiformbonesThedistalrow:trapezium,trapezoid,capitateandhamate2.Metacarpalbones(5)3.Phalanges(14)metacarpalbones(5)Phalanges(14

BonesoftheLowerLimbComponents:Pelvicgirdle(2)BonesoflowerlimbThighFemur(1)KneePatella(1)LegTibia(medial)(1)Fibula(lateral)(1)FootTarsals(7)Metatarsals(5)Phalanges(14)Formedbyapairof“hip”bones,connectedinfrontatthepubicsymphysisandbehindbythe

sacrumAttachesthelowerlimbstotheaxialskeletonTransmitstheweightoftheupperbodytothelowerlimbsSupportsthevisceralorgansofthepelvisI.PelvisgirdleHipBone

lateralviewIliumIschiumPubisAcetabulumMedialviewObturatorforamenComponents:Ilium-thelargeupperportionIschium-theposterior/inferiorbonePubis-theanterior/inferiorboneAcetabulum:

pointoffusionofallthreeHipBone

3parts–unitedbythetriradiatecartilagewhichbeginstofuseat15-17yearsandcompletesfusionat20-25years.Bonemarks:iliaccrest;iliactubercleanteriorsuperioriliacspineanteriorinferioriliacspineposteriorsuperioriliacspineposteriorinferioriliacspineacetabulum;iliacfossaarcuateline1.Ilium

bodyramuspectenpubis;pubictuberclepubiccrestpubicsymphysis2.Pubisbodyramusischialtubercle(tuberosity)ischialspinegreatsciaticnotch;lessersciaticnotch3.ischiumObturatorforamen-formedbyischiumandpubisAcetabulum-formedbyilium,ischiumandpubisthelargest,longest,andstrongestboneinthebody.ReceivesalotofstressArticulateswithacetabulumproximallyArticulateswithtibiaandpatelladistallyFemurBonesoflowerlimbUpperend:FemurBoneMarks:Head-foveacapitisNeck-oftenasiteforfractureGreaterandlessertrochanter:attachmentsiteformusclesIntertrochantericline(anterior)Intertrochantericcrest(posterior)shaft:glutealtuberositylineaasperalateralcondylemedialcondylelateralepicondylemedialepicondylepatellarsurfacepoplitealsurfaceadductortubercleintercondylarfossalowerend:FemurBoneMarks:2.PatellaTriangularsesamoidboneProtectskneejointImprovesleverageofthighmusclesactingacrossthekneeContainedwithinpatellarligament3.TibiaTibiaReceivestheweightofbodyfromfemurandtransmitstofootSecondtofemurinsizeandweightArticulateswithfibulaproximallyanddistallyInterosseousmembranejoinstibia&fibulaFormsthemedialmalleolusLandmarks:Tibialtuberosity-protuberanceontheanteriorsurfacejustbelowthecondyles.Istheattachmentsiteofthepatellarligament.AnteriorcrestMedialmalleolus-LargebonyprominenceonthemedialsideoftheankleFibularnotch-Distalendoftibia,whereitarticulateswiththedistalendofthefibula3.Tibia4.FibulaFibulaLocatedposterior–lateraltothetibiaServesasasiteformuscleattachmentFormsthelateralmalleolusDoesNOTbearweightNotpartofkneejointStabilizeanklejointTibia&Fibula5.FootFunction:SupportstheweightofthebodyActasalevertopropelthebodyforwardBones