2023年考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英语-浙江大学考试历年真题摘选含答案解析第1卷一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Hewasunabletoendurethetortureoftheenemyandsurrendered.He（）hiscomrades.问题1选项A.revealedB.suspendedC.exposedD.betrayed2.单选题The（）ofjettravelhasmadetheworldseemsmaller.问题1选项A.remarkB.relationshipC.removalD.innovation3.单选题Agrowingnumberofcompaniesarenowtryingtoserve“segmentsofone.”Theyattemptto()theirofferandcommunicationtoeachindividualcustomer.Thisisunderstandablewithlargeindustrialcompaniesthathaveonlyafewmajorcustomers.问题1选项A.adoptB.adaptC.incorporateD.exclude4.单选题Accordingtoaprominentphilosopherintoleranceisa/an（）tounderstanding.问题1选项A.barrierB.improvementC.foundationD.approach5.单选题Duringtheracesthereweretwoaccidentstomotor-cyclistsincludingone（）accident.问题1选项A.fatalB.killingC.deadlyD.deathly6.单选题YangtzeRiverflowsatawidthofupto2kmandanaveragedepthofbetween6and15mthroughalargeplainwithmanylakes.Thisareais()toseverefloodingandaccumulationofriversediment.问题1选项A.objectB.particularC.subjectD.prone7.单选题Mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilitymaynotseemonthesurfacetobeconnected,butpeoplewhohaveresearchedthesubject—andstudiedthebrain—saythattheyare.ResearchformybookLate-TalkingChildrendrovehomethepointtome.Threequartersofthebrightbutspeech-delayedchildreninthegroupIstudiedhadacloserelativewhowasanengineer,mathematicianorscientistandfourfifthshadacloserelativewhoplayedamusicalinstrument.Thechildrenthemselvesusuallytookreadilytomathandotheranalyticalsubjects—andtomusic.Black,whiteandAsianchildreninthisgroupshowthesamepatterns.However,lookingatthelargeworldaroundus,itisclearthatblackshavebeengreatlyover-representedinthedevelopmentofAmericanpopularmusicandgreatlyunderrepresentedinsuchfieldsasmathematics,scienceandengineering.Iftheabilitiesrequiredinanalyticalfieldsandinmusicaresocloselyrelated,howcantherebethisgreatdisparity?Onereasonisthatthedevelopmentofmathematicalandothersuchabilitiesrequiresyearsofformalschooling,whilecertainmusicaltalentscanbedevelopedwithlittleornoformaltraining,ashashappenedwithanumberofwell-knownblackmusicians.Itispreciselyinthosekindsofmusicwhereonecanacquiregreatskillwithoutformaltrainingthatblackshaveexcelled-popularmusicratherthanclassicalmusic,pianoratherthanviolin,bluesratherthanopera.Thisisreadilyunderstandable,giventhatmostblacks,formostofAmericanhistory,havenothadeitherthemoneyortheleisureforlongyearsofformalstudyinmusic.BlackshavenotmerelyheldtheirowninAmericanpopularmusic.Theyhaveplayedadisproportionatelylargeroleinthedevelopmentofjazz,bothtraditionalandmodern.Alongstringofnamescomestomind—DukeEllington,ScouJoplin,W.C.Handy,LouisArmstrong,CharlieParker...andonandon.Noneofthispresupposesanyspecialinnateabilityofblacksinmusic.Onthecontrary,itisperfectlyconsistentwithblacks,havingnomoresuchinbornabilitythananyoneelse,butbeinglimitedtobeingabletoexpresssuchabilityinnarrowerchannelsthanotherswhohavehadthemoney,thetieandtheformaleducationtospreadoutoverawiderrangeofmusic,aswellasintomathematics,scienceandengineering.ThereisnowayofknowingwhetherDukeEllingtonwouldhavebecomeamathematicianorscientistunderothercircumstances.Whatiscleareristhatmostblackshavenothadsuchalternativesavailableuntilveryrecently,ashistoryismeasured.Moreover,nowthatculturaltraditionshavebeenestablished,eventhoseblackswhohavesuchalternativesavailabletoday,andwhohavetheinbornabilitiestopursuethem,mayneverthelesscontinueforsometimetofollowwell-wornpaths.1.Theauthor’sresearchforhisbookLate-TalkingChildrenshowedhimthat（）.2.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat（）.3.ItisknownfromthepassagethatDukeEllington（）.4.Theauthorholdsthat（）.5.Inthispassage,theauthortriestosaythat（）.问题1选项A.mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilityarecloselyrelatedB.brightbutspeech-delayedchildrenfavoranalyticalsubjectsC.onthesurface,mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilityarenotconnectedD.childrenofdifferentracesdifferslightlyintheirmathematicalandmusicalabilities问题2选项A.thedevelopmentofallmusictalentsneedslittleornoformaltrainingB.abilities,suchasmathematicalability,sometimescannotbedevelopedwithformaleducationC.blacksareunderrepresentedinmathematicsbecausetheyhavenochancestoreceiveformaleducationD.blacksusuallyprefermusictomathematics,scienceandengineering问题3选项A.onlylovespopularmusicB.hasmadeagreatcontributiontothedevelopmentofjazzC.isanobscuremusicianD.neverexcelsinjazzmusic问题4选项A.blacksdemonstratebetterinbornmusicalabilitiesthanothersB.blacksaredistinguishedinallkindsofmusicC.blacksnowcontinuetodomusicbecauseoftheirculturaltraditionsD.blacksstillhavenochancestobecomemathematiciansorscientiststoday问题5选项A.musicalabilityhasnoconnectionwithmathematicalabilityB.one’sabilityhasnoconnectionwithmathematicalabilityC.blacksaresoprejudicedthattheyseldomacceptnewthingsD.blacksaremoresuccessfulinmusicthaninsciencebecauseofvariousreasons8.单选题Veryfewscientists（）withacompletelynewanswertotheworld’sproblem.问题1选项A.comeonB.comeupC.comeinD.comeround9.单选题Thebravefiremanhadfoughtfordaysbeforetheymanagedto（）theforestfire.问题1选项A.putonB.putupwithC.putoffD.putout10.单选题Ihearmanyparentscomplainingthattheirteenagechildrenarerebelling.Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyououghttobegrowingawayfromyourparents.Youshouldbelearningtostandonyourowntwofeet.Buttakeagoodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthattheydisagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforcourage.Theyclaimtheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Butsomehowtheyallendupjustbylisteningtothesamerecord.Theirreasonforthinkingoractinginthiswayisthatthecrowdisdoingit.Ithasbecomeharderandharderforateenagertostandupagainstthepopularitywaveandtogohisorherownway.Industryhasfirmlycarvedoutateenagemarket.Thesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromtheadvertisementwhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.Andmanyoftoday’sparentshavecometoawardhighmarksforthepopularityoftheirchildren.Allthisaddsuptoagreaterbarrierforthe

teenagerwhowantstofindhisorherownpath.Butthebarrierisworthclimbingover.Thepathisworthfollowing.Youmaywanttolistentoclassicalmusicinsteadofgoingtoaparty.Youmaywanttocollectrockswheneveryoneelseiscollectingrecords.Youmayhavesomethoughtsthatyoudon’tcaretoshareatoncewithyourclassmates.Well,gotoit.Findyourself.Beyourself.Popularitywillcome—withthepeoplewhorespectyouforwhomyouare.That’stheonlykindofpopularitythatreallycounts.1.Themainpurposeofthispassageistotell（）.2.Accordingtotheauthor,manyteenagersthinktheyarebraveenoughtobethemselves,but,infact,mostofthem（）.3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?4.Theauthorthinksofadvertisementsas（）.5.Duringtheteenageyears,oneshouldlearnto（）.问题1选项A.readershowtobepopularwithpeoplearoundB.teenagershowtolearntodecidethingsforthemselvesC.parentshowtocontrolandguidetheirchildrenD.peoplehowtounderstandandrespecteachother问题2选项A.havemuchdifficultyunderstandingeachotherB.lackconfidenceC.darenotcopewithproblemssingle-handedD.areverymuchafraidofgettinglost问题3选项A.Thereisnopopularitythatreallycounts.B.Whatmanyparentsaredoingisinfacthinderingtheirchildrenfromfindingtheirownpaths.C.Itisnotnecessarilybadforateenagertodisagreewithhisorherclassmates.D.Mostteenagersarenotactuallyrebelling.问题4选项A.originalB.influentialC.detrimentalD.authoritative问题5选项A.differfromothersinasmanywaysaspossibleB.getintotherightseasonandbecomepopularC.findone’srealselfD.rebelagainstparentsandthepopularitywave11.单选题Mr.Smithaskedhissecretaryto（）anewparagraphintheannualreportshewastyping.问题1选项A.invadeB.installC.insertD.inject12.单选题Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.“Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,”wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago.“Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.”Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline（肾上激素）arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight（逃离）.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.Phil’sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause“thecarmightbreakdown.”Growingupinsuchahome?Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,"ourparticularcreature"refersto（）.2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan（）.3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen（）.4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat（）.5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（）.问题1选项A.fearofsomethingB.afiercebeastC.physicalpainD.publicridicule问题2选项A.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbodyB.quickenourheartbeatandresponsesC.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstreamD.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves问题3选项A.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyisB.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysicalC.onecannotstandthedangerD.oneisnotwellpreparedforit问题4选项A.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydangerB.people'sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeatureC.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoiseD.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise问题5选项A.homeeducationB.schooleducationC.parents'lifestyleD.earlyexperiences13.单选题Hisbirthdaywas（）inabighotelandattendedbyabout200people.问题1选项A.inspectedB.installedC.celebratedD.interfered14.单选题Theviolent（）ofhisyouthreappearedandwasdirectednotonlyatthearmy,butathiswifeatall.问题1选项A.impatienceB.characterC.temperD.quality15.单选题Today,cigarettesmokingisawidespreadhabit.About43percentoftheadultmenand31percentoftheadultwomenintheUSsmokecigarettesregularly.Itisencouragingtonote,however,thatmillionsofpeoplehavegivenupthesmokinghabit.75percentofthemalepopulationand46percentofthefemalepopulationhavesmokedcigarettesatsometimeduringtheirlives,but26percentofthesemenand11percentofthewomenhavestoppedsmoking.Thenumberofpersonswhohavegivenupsmokingisincreasing.Itisafactthatmenasagroupsmokemorethanwomen.Amongbothmenandwomentheagegroupwiththehighestproportionofsmokersistheagegroup24-44.Income,education,andoccupationallplayapartindeterminingaperson’ssmokinghabits.Citypeoplesmokemorethanpeoplelivingonfarms.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesarelesslikelytosmokecigarettesthanmenwithfeweryearsofschoolingandlowerincomes.Ontheotherhand,ifawell-educatedmanwithahigherincomesmokesatall,heislikelytosmokemorepacksofcigarettesperday.Thesituationissomewhatdifferentforwomen.Thereareslightlymoresmokersamongwomenwithhigherfamilyincomesandhighereducationthanamongthelowerincomeandlowereducationalgroups.Thesemorehighlyeducatedwomentendtosmokemoreheavily.Amongteenagersthepictureissimilar.Therearefewerteenagedsmokersfromupper-income,well-educatedfamilies,andfewerfromfamilieslivinginfarmareas.Highschoolstudentswhoarepreparingforcollegearelesslikelytosmokethanthosewhodonotplantocontinuetheireducationafterhighschool.Childrenaremostlikelytostartsmokingifoneorbothoftheirparentssmoke.1.Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?2.Whatdeterminesaperson’ssmokinghabits?3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?4.Whatisthesmokingsituationforwomen?5.Whatcanwesayaboutteenagesmokers?问题1选项A.Moreandmorepeopletakeupthehabitofsmoking.B.TherearemoresmokingwomenthansmokingmeninUSAC.Itisgoodnewsthatmorepeoplehavegivenupsmoking.D.TheUShasmoresmokingpeoplethananyothercity.问题2选项A.Age,incomeandeducationB.Age,sexandincome.C.Occupation,incomeandsexD.Profession,incomeandeducation问题3选项A.Citypeoplearelesslikelytosmoke.B.Peopleinruralareasaremorelikelytosmoke.C.Menwithhigherincomestendtosmoke.D.Well-educatedmenwithhighincomesaregenerallylesslikelytosmoke.问题4选项A.Thesituationisquitethesameforwomenasformen.B.Better-educatedwomenarelikelytosmokeheavily.C.Therearemorewomensmokerswithlowincomes.D.Womenwithhigherincomesandhighereducationdonottendtosmoke.问题5选项A.Thepictureabouttheteenagesmokersissimilartothatofwomensmokers.B.Thesituationamongteenagersisquitethesamewithmen.C.Highschoolstudentsaremorelikelytosmokethancollegestudents.D.Farmers’childrentendtosmokemore.第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。revealed揭示；suspended悬浮，暂停；exposed使暴露，揭露；betrayed出卖，背叛。句意：他无法忍受敌人的折磨而投降了。他背叛了他的同志。选项D符合句意。2.【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析。remark评论；relationship关系；removal去掉；innovation发明。句意：喷气式飞机旅行的发明似乎使世界变小了。选项D符合句意。3.【答案】B【解析】adopt采取，接受；adapt使适应；incorporate包含，吸收，合并；exclude排除。句意：越来越多的公司正试图服务于“一个部分”。他们试图让客户适应他们所提供的服务并和每一个个体客户进行沟通。对于只有少数主要客户的大型公司来说，这是可以理解的。选项B符合句意。4.【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。barrier障碍，界限；improvement改进，改善；foundation基础，创立；approach方法，途径。句意：据一位著名的哲学家说，不宽容是理解的障碍。根据句意可推测选项A符合语境。

5.【答案】A【解析】近义词辨析。fatal致命的，一般指不可避免的；killing杀害的；deadly指能致命或实际已致命的事物，也可指企图使他人致死的人；deathly死一般的。句意：在比赛中摩托车手发生了两起事故，包括一起致命事故。选项A正确。6.【答案】C【解析】句意：长江流经一个有许多湖泊的大平原，这个平原宽达2公里，平均深度在6至15米之间。这个地区经常发生严重的水灾和河流泥沙淤积。objectto对……反对；particular特别，尤其，不与to搭配；subjectto使遭受；proneto有……倾向的。选项C符合句意。7.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节推理题。根据关键词“Late-TalkingChildren”定位到第一段的第二句，但答案在上一句“Mathematicalabilityandmusicalabilitymaynotseemonthesurfacetobeconnected,butpeoplewhohaveresearchedthesubject—andstudiedthebrain—saythattheyare.”表面上看数学能力和音乐能力好像没什么联系，但经过研究发现，两者其实是有关联的。选项A符合原文。2.细节推断题。根据第三段中“certainmusicaltalentscanbedevelopedwithlittleornoformaltraining”可知选项A错误；根据第三段中“thedevelopmentofmathematicalandothersuchabilitiesrequiresyearsofformalschooling”可知选项B错误；选项C与第三段内容相符，所以正确；选项D在文中没有提及。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“DukeEllington”定位到第五段，根据第五段第二句“Theyhaveplayedadisproportionatelylargeroleinthedevelopmentofjazz,bothtraditionalandmodern.”他们在爵士乐的发展中，无论是传统的还是现代的，都或多或少的扮演了重要角色。选项B符合原文。4.细节推理题。根据第六段的第二句“Onthecontrary,itisperfectlyconsistentwithblacks,havingnomoresuchinbornabilitythananyoneelse...”可知选项A错误；根据本文最后一句“nowthatculturaltraditions...tofollowwell-wornpaths.”可知选项C符合原文；选项D表述太绝对。5.细节推理题。文章第一句就说了数学能力和音乐能力有一点关系，所以选项A和B均表述错误；选项C表述太绝对且在文中没有提及，排除；选项D由于多种原因，黑人在音乐方面要比在科学方面更成功，符合原文。8.【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。comeupwith提出，想出。故答案为B。comeon快点，开始；comearound苏醒，恢复知觉；comein流行。只有选项B可以和with搭配。句意：很少有科学家能对这个世界的问题给出一个全新的答案。9.【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。puton穿上，上演；putupwith忍受，容忍；putoff推迟，扔掉，阻止；putout熄灭，伸出。句意：勇敢的消防队员们奋战了好几天才把森林大火扑灭。选项D符合句意。10.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨归纳题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是鼓励青少年独立自主，选项B最能概括全文。2.细节推理题。根据第一段最后一句“Insteadofstrikingoutboldlyontheirown,mostofthemareclutchingatoneanother’shandsforcourage.”他们中的大多数人并没有勇气自己走出去，而是紧紧抓住彼此的手寻求勇气。选项C符合原文。3.细节判断题。根据本文的最后两句“Popularitywillcome—withthepeoplewhorespectyouforwhomyouare.That’stheonlykindofpopularitythatreallycounts.”可知选项A错误。4.细节推理题。根据关键词“advertisements”定位到第三段第三句“Thesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromtheadvertisementwhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.”现在每个青少年都可以从广告中学到一个青少年应该拥有什么和成为什么。所以作者认为广告对青少年的影响是相当大的。选项B正确。detrimental不利的，有害的。5.细节推断题。根据最后一段“Well,gotoit.Findyourself.Beyourself.”可知作者是鼓励青少年找寻真正的自己。选项C符合原