2023年考研考博-考博英语-江西师范大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案_第1页
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2023年考研考博-考博英语-江西师范大学考试历年高频考点真题荟萃带答案第1卷一.综合题(共25题)1.翻译题Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.WriteyourEnglishversiononAnswerSheet.(10%)充分发挥个体、私营等非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业和活跃市场等方面的重要作用。放宽国内民间资本的市场准入领域,在投融资、税收、土地使用和对外贸易等方面采取措施,实现公平竞争。依法加强监督和管理,促进非公有制经济健康发展,完善保护私人财产的法律制度。2.单选题Fivescoreyearsago,agreatAmerican,______symbolicshadowwestand,signedtheEmancipationProclamation.问题1选项A.withhisB.byhimC.inwhoseD.ofwhom3.单选题

Isthereanypossible______explanationforhisbadhealthsinceheseemstohavenoobviousdisease?问题1选项A.psychiatricB.psychologicalC.surgicalD.physical4.翻译题人们现在感到不满意,不是因为事情比以往更糟,而是因为比以往任何时候都好。以婚姻为例,在加利福尼亚,十对夫妇中有约六对离婚——在一些较富裕的社区这个比例还要高一些。必须承认,这些数字反映出许多不满。但人们从未像现在这样渴望和欢迎婚姻。的确,婚姻是如此地引人入胜,连很多正在办离婚的人几乎等不及法律许可,就想再度结婚了。5.单选题Yousaidthebookswereontheshelf,but______there.问题1选项A.therewasnooneB.therewerenoneC.therewerenoonesD.wasnone6.单选题Whenhewasindanger,nobodycametohis____.问题1选项A.helpB.safetyC.assistD.rescue7.单选题IfIseethetwinbrothersapartIdon’tknow______.问题1选项A.whoiswhoB.whoiswhomC.whichiswhichD.whoiswhich8.单选题HarvardUniversityandMITare______thefourthandfifthlargestemployersinthearea.问题1选项A.representativelyB.respectivelyC.respectablyD.respectfully9.翻译题Employersneedtobetterunderstandpeoplewhoaredisabled.MostofustakeoffenceattheassumptionthatcollectingSocialSecurityIncomecanprovideuseverythingweneed.Unemploymentishumiliatingandawfullyboring,andthere’snomeaningthere.Excludingsomeonebecauseheorshehasadisabilitythatdoesnotaffectperformanceisequivalenttowrongssuchashiringbasedonrace.Everyonedeservestohavetheopportunitytodoagoodjob,andasaresulthaveasenseofprideinbeingapartofsociety.10.单选题John’soutstandingperformanceinthecompetitionprovedthathewasa______winner.问题1选项A.worthwhileB.worthyC.worthD.worthless11.单选题Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe“fit”insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthelibraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathieforameterreader,andsoon.Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounterandchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,atveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimitsthebuyerchoosestyleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook.Havingmadeachoicefromminoradjustments,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreschoiceamongthemislimited.41.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus______.42.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses______.43.Theword“appraisal”mostprobablymeans______.44.Accordingtothelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it”refersto“______”.45.Bysayingthat“anAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince”,thewritermeans______.问题1选项A.determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjobB.behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeopleC.protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituationsD.makefriendswithotherpeople问题2选项A.inordertoidentifythemselveswithothersB.inordertobetteridentifyothersC.astheirmentalprocesseschangeD.asthesituationchanges问题3选项A.involvementB.appreciationC.assessmentD.presentation问题4选项A.fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriatelyB.identificationofotherpeople’sstatusesC.selectingone’sownstatusesD.constantmentalprocess问题5选项A.differentpeoplehavedifferentstylesofclothesB.ready-madeclothesmayneedalterationsC.statusescomereadymadejustlikeclothesD.ourchoiceofstatusesislimited12.单选题Patrickhasneverlearnedaforeignlanguage,______.问题1选项A.nordoeshethinkhehastoB.neitherhethinkshehastoC.hethinkshehasnotto,eitherD.hedoesn’tthinkhehasto13.单选题Theteacherlaidalotof____onpractice.问题1选项A.attentionB.focusC.emphasisD.word14.翻译题Directingtheunionaretechnologicaladvancesthathavemadeiteasiertostoreandrapidlytransmitinformationintohomesandoffices.Fiber-opticcable,forexample—madeupofhair-thinglassfibers—isatremendouslyefficientcarrierofinformation.Lasersshootinglightthroughglassfibercantransmit250,000timesasmuchdataasastandardtelephonewire,ortensofthousandsofparagraphssuchasthisoneeverysecond.Thegreatlyincreasedvolumeandspeedofdatatransmissionthatthesetechnologiespermitcanbecomparedtothewayinwhichahighwaywithmanylanesallowsmorecarstomoveatfasterspeedsthanatwo-lanehighway—hence,theinformationsuperhighway.15.单选题

Ideemthegirlwasinbadhealthbecausethehandshakewithherwasso______.问题1选项A.limpB.lameC.softD.strong16.单选题

Thegirlinthephotowearsabroadsmile,herwavyhair______overhershoulders.问题1选项A.flowsB.flowC.flowingD.flowed17.单选题Englandisexperiencingitshardestwinterforyears,someareas______undersixfeetfornearlytwomonths.问题1选项A.werelyingB.werelaidC.havinglaidD.havinglain18.单选题Indeed,almosteveryscientistnowfindsitisimpossibletoreadalltheworksrelevanttohisownsubject,______extensivelyoutsideofit.问题1选项A.muchmoretoreadB.muchlesstoreadC.muchlessreadingD.stillmorereading19.单选题Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehaditstechnicalvocabulary,thefunctionofwhichispartlytodesignatethingsorprocesseswhichhavenonamesinordinaryEnglish,andpartlytosecuregreaterexactnessinsystemofnaming.Suchspecialdialects,orjargons,arenecessaryintechnicaldiscussionofanykind.Beinguniversallyunderstoodbythedevoteesoftheparticularscienceorart,theyhavetheprecisionofamathematicalformula.Besides,theysavetime,foritismuchmoreeconomicaltonameaprocessthantodescribeit.Thousandsofthesetechnicaltermsareveryproperlyincludedineverylargedictionary,yet,asawhole,theyareratherontheoutskirtsoftheEnglishlanguagethanactuallywithinitsborders.Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.Intradesandhandicraftsandothervocations,suchasfarmingandfishing,thathaveoccupiedgreatnumbersofmenfromremotetimes,thetechnicalvocabularyisveryold.Itconsistslargelyofnativewords,orofborrowedwordsthathaveworkedthemselvesintotheveryfiberofourlanguage.Hence,thoughhighlytechnicalinmanyparticulars,thesevocabulariesaremorefamiliarinsound,andmoregenerallyunderstood,thanmostothertechnicalities.Thespecialdialectsoflaw,medicine,divinity(神性)andphilosophyhavealso,intheirolderstrata(阶层),becomeprettyfamiliartocultivatedpersons,andhavecontributedmuchtothepopularvocabulary.Yet,everyvocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,eventoeducatedspeech.Andtheproportionhasbeenmuchincreasedinthelastfiftyyears,particularlyinthevariousdepartmentsofnaturalandpoliticalscienceandinthemechanicarts.Herenewtermsarecoinedwiththegreatestfreedom,andabandonedwithindifferencewhentheyhaveservedtheirturn.Mostofthenewcoinagesareconfinedtospecialdiscussionsandseldomgetintogeneralliteratureorconversation.Yet,noprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessionsoncewere,aclosedguild(行会).Thelawyer,thephysician,themanofscience,andtheclericassociatesfreelywithhisfellowcreatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.Furthermore,whatiscalledpopularsciencemakeseverybodyacquaintedwithmodernviewsandrecentdiscoveries.Anyimportantexperiment,thoughmadeinaremoteorprovinciallaboratory,isatoncereportedinthenewspapers,andeverybodyissoontalkingaboutit—asinthecaseoftheRoentgenraysandwirelesstelegraphy.Thus,ourcommonspeechisalwaystakingupnewtechnicaltermsandmakingthemcommonplace.16.Theauthor’smainpurposeinthepassageisto_____.17.Whentheauthorreferstoprofessionsasnolongerbeing“closedguilds”,hemeansthat_____.18.Iftheauthorofthepassagewishedtostudyanewfield,hewouldprobably_____.19.Thewriterofthisarticlewasprobablya_____.20.Itseemsthatthepassageimpliesthat_____.问题1选项A.describeaphenomenonB.argueabeliefC.proposeasolutionD.stimulateaction问题2选项A.itismucheasiertobecomeaprofessionaltodaythanitwasinthepastB.thereismoresocialintercoursebetweenprofessionalsandothersC.popularsciencehastoldtheirsecretstotheworldD.anyonecannowunderstandanythinginaprofession问题3选项A.callinadictionaryexpertB.looktothehistoriesofthewordsinthenewfieldC.paycarefulattentiontothenewfield’stechnicalvocabularyD.learnhowtocoinnewjargoninthefield问题4选项A.linguistB.scientistC.politicianD.physician问题5选项A.theEnglishlanguageisalwaysbecominglargerandlargerB.thewordsoftheEnglishlanguagearealwayschangingC.onecanneverbesureofwhatawordmeanswithoutconsultinganexpertD.technicaltermsinmostnon-scientificfieldshavelittlechanceofbecomingpartofthemainbodyofthelanguageinthesescientificdays20.翻译题II.(本题3段,每段10分)HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreasonwell,andtocopeeffectivelywiththedemandsofdailyliving.Inshort,intelligencehastodowithhowwellapersonisabletousecognitionincopingwiththeworld.Thetermintelligencewasnotinwidespreaduseuntilitwaspopularizedinthelate1800sbythewritingsofSirFrancisGalton.GaltonwasacousinofCharlesDarwin,thescientistcreditedfordevelopingthetheoryofevolutionbasedonnaturalselectionofinheritedcharacteristics.Galtonbelievedthatintellectualabilitywasinherited,andhetriedunsuccessfullytodevelopanintelligencetesttouseinhisresearch.Althoughhewasunsuccessfulinhisownresearch,Galtongavepsychologytheconceptofintelligence.21.单选题Intoday’smedical,littleagreementexistsonthe______fordefiningmentalillness.问题1选项A.legislationB.requirementC.criteriaD.measures22.单选题Fishingaddsonlyabout1percenttotheglobaleconomy,butonaregionalbasisitcancontributeenormouslytohumansurvival.Marinefisheriescontributemoretotheworld’ssupplyofproteinthanbeef,poultryoranyotheranimalsource.Fishingtypicallydoesnotrequirelandownership,andbecauseitremains,ingeneralopentoall,itisoftentheemployeroflastresortinthedevelopingworld—anoccupationwhentherearenootheroptions.Worldwide,about200millionpeopledependonfishingfortheirlivelihoods.WithinSoutheastAsiaalone,morethanfivemillionpeoplefishfull-time.InnorthernChile40percentofthepopulationlivesofftheocean.InNewfoundlandmostemploymentcamefromfishingorservicingthatindustry—untilthecollapseofthecodfisheriesintheearly1990slefttensofthousandsofpeopleoutofwork.Althoughdebatesovertheconservationofnaturalresourcesareoftencastasaconflictbetweenjobsandtheenvironment,therestorationoffishpopulationswouldinfactboostemployment.MichaelP.SissenwineandAndrewA.RosenbergoftheU.S.NationalMarineFisheriesServicehaveestimatedthatifdepletedspecieswereallowedtorebuildtotheirlong-termpotential,theirsustainableusewouldaddabout$8billiontotheU.S.grossnationalproduct—andprovidesome300,000jobs.Iffishpopulationswererestoredandproperlymanaged,about20millionmetrictonscouldbeaddedtotheworld’sannualcatch.Butrestorationofecologicalbalance,fiscalprofitabilityandeconomicsecuritywillrequireasubstantialreductioninthecapacityofthecommercialfishingindustrysothatwildpopulationscanrecover.Thenecessaryreductioninfishingpowerneednotcomeattheexpenseofjobs.Governmentcouldincreaseemploymentandreducethepressureonfishpopulationsbydirectingsubsidiesawayfromhighlymechanizedships.Foreach$1millionofinvestment,industrial-scalefishingoperationsrequireonlyonetofivepeople,whereassmall-scalefisherieswouldemploybetween60to3,000.Industrialfishingitselfthreatenstensofmillionsoffishermenworkingonasmallscalebydepletingthefishonwhichtheydependforsubsistence.1.Theanimalsourcewhichsuppliesthemostproteinforhumanbeingis.2.Paragraph2impliesthat.3.Intheconflictbetweenjobsandtheenvironment,theauthortakessideswiththosewhoareinfavorof.4.Thebalancebetweenjobsandtheemploymentcanbekeptif.5.Thepassagesuggeststhatmakinglessuseofmoderntechnologymay.问题1选项A.beefB.fishC.porkD.chicken问题2选项A.mostofmen’semploymentisfromfishingB.mancanalwaysturntofishingforemploymentC.fortypercentofChileansliveonfishingboatsorshipsD.fishinghasbeenthebiggestindustryinNewfoundland问题3选项A.increasingtheannualcatchB.creatingmorejobsC.gettinggreaterfiscalprofitabilityD.conservingnaturalresources问题4选项A.fishingcapacityisfurtherincreasedB.fishingjobsarefurtherincreasedC.fewerwell-equippedfishingshipsareusedD.fewerspeciesareallowedtorebuild问题5选项A.reducepressureonfishpopulationsB.threatentheworld’sannualcatchC.increasegovernment’sinvestmentD.costtensofthousandsoffishermen’sjobs23.翻译题洗手的时候,日子从水盆里过去;吃饭的时候,日子从饭碗里过去;默默时,便从凝然的双眼前过去。我觉察他去的匆匆了,伸出手遮挽时,他又从遮挽着的手边过去,天黑时,我躺在床上,他便伶伶俐俐地从我身上跨过,从我脚边飞去了。等我睁开眼和太阳再见,这算又溜走了一日。24.翻译题Youthisnotatimeoflifeitisastateofmind.Itisnotamatterofredcheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees.Itisatemperofthewill;aqualityoftheimagination;avigoroftheemotions;itisafreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidity,oftheappetiteforadventureoveralifeofease.Thisoftenexistsinamanoffifty,morethaninaboyoftwenty.Nobodygrowsoldbymerelylivinganumberofyears;peoplegrowoldbydesertingtheirideals.25.翻译题II.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishonyourANSWERSHEET.(10%)中国坚持走低消耗、低排放、高效益、高产出的新型工业化道路,是国际社会加强环境保护、应对气候变化、实现可持续发展努力的重要组成部分。我们期待得到包括东亚国家在内的国际社会的大力支持。中国将本着“共同但有区别的责任”原则,承担应有的国际责任和义务。第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】Weshouldgivefullplaytotheimportantroleofthenon-publicsectorofeconomy,includingindividualandprivatesectors,inpromotingeconomygrowth,expandingemploymentandenliveningthemarket.Wewillrelaxmarketaccessfordomesticprivatecapitalandtakemeasuresininvestmentandfinancing,taxation,landuseandforeigntradetoleveltheplayingfield.Wewillstrengthensupervisionandmanagementinaccordancewiththelaw,promotethehealthydevelopmentofthenon-publicsectoroftheeconomy,andimprovethelegalsystemforprotectingprivateproperty.2.【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A.withhis和他的B.byhim通过他C.inwhose在谁的D.ofwhom谁的【考查点】非限制性定语从句的用法。【解题思路】由句子可知,主谓宾结构完整,所以中间部分是非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的agreatAmerican(一位伟大的美国人),所以空格处的引导词只能用who,whom或whose,而symbolicshadow(象征的影像)与agreatAmerican(一位伟大的美国人)是所属关系,所以只能用whose。因此,该题选择C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B选项不符合句子结构;D选项关系代词whom使用不正确。【句意】在一百年以前,有位伟大的美国人签署了奴隶解放宣言,而今天我们正是立足于他所象征的影像下。3.【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A.psychiatric精神病学的B.psychological心理的,心理学的C.surgical外科的,手术上的D.physical物理的,身体的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】由原因状语从句sinceheseemstohavenoobviousdisease(因为他似乎没有什么明显的疾病)可知,没有身体方面的疾病,那么推测,空格处表示“心理方面的原因”。因此,B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项都不符合句意。【句意】他的健康状况不佳有没有可能的心理原因,因为他似乎没有什么明显的疾病?4.【答案】【参考译文】Peoplearediscontentedthesedays,notbecausethingsareworsethanever,butbecausethingsarebetterthanever.Takemarriageforexample.InCaliforniathereareaboutsixdivorcesforeverytenmarriages—evenhigherinsomeofthebettercommunities.Onemustadmitthatagooddealofdiscontentisreflectedinthosestatistics.Butmarriagehasneverbeenmorepopularanddesirablethanitisnow;soappealinginfact,thateventhosewhoareintheprocessofdivorcecanscarcelywaitforthelawtoallowthemtomarryagain.5.【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A.therewasnoone没有一个人B.therewerenone没有C.therewerenoones没有人D.wasnone没有【考查点】不定代词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意和前面出现的books,可知后面应该用none代词前面的books,故B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C选项中的one指人们;D选项句子结构不完整。【句意】你说书都在书架上,但是那儿一本都没有。6.【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A.help帮助v./n.B.safety安全n.C.assist帮助v.;助攻n.D.rescue救援v./n.【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】由空格前的his可知,空格处所填词为名词;原句语义为“当他有危险的时候,没有人来____他”,根据语义推测,有危险的时候需要救助,“没有人来救他”语义最贴切;另外,常用搭配cometoone’srescue表示“营救某人”。因此,D选项rescue“救援v./n.”符合要求。【干扰项排除】A选项help“帮助v./n.”,没有救助、救援语义贴切;B选项safety“安全n.”,不符合原句语义搭配;C选项assist意义为“帮助”时,是动词,不符合要求;当名词时,意义为“助攻”,不符合原句语义搭配。【句意】当他有危险的时候,没有人来救他。7.【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A.whoiswho谁是谁B.whoiswhom谁是谁C.whichiswhich哪个是哪个D.whoiswhich谁是哪个【考查点】习语用法。【解题思路】由if条件句的意思“如果我把这对孪生兄弟分开看”,可知Idon’tknow______应该表示“我分不清谁是谁”,而whichiswhich通常用于区分两个十分相似的人或事物。故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A选项表示人们的情况,如姓名、工作、身份等,如WhenIgotothosefamilyreunions,Icanneverrememberwho’swho.(我去参加那些家庭团圆聚会时,从来记不住谁是谁。);B、D选项没有这个用法。【句意】如果我把这对孪生兄弟分开看,我分不清谁是谁。8.【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A.representatively典型地B.respectively分别地,各自地C.respectably相当好地,可敬地D.respectfully尊敬地【考查点】副词辨析。【解题思路】由空格后面的thefourthandfifthlargestemployers(第四大和第五大雇主)可知,“分别地”符合句子意思。因此,B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合句子意思。【句意】哈佛大学和麻省理工学院分别是该地区第四大和第五大雇主。9.【答案】【参考译文】雇主需要更好地了解身体有障碍的人。一想到领取社会保障收入就能提供我们所需要的一切,我们大多数人都感到很生气。失业是耻辱的,而且非常无聊,没有任何意义。一个人的残疾并不影响他或她的工作表现,但是却因为这个而将他或她排除在外,这是错误的做法,这种错误无异于种族歧视。每个人都应该有机会做好工作,并因此对成为社会的一份子而感到自豪。10.【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A.worthwhile重要的,值得的B.worthy值得的,值得尊敬、注意的C.worth值……的D.worthless无价值的,不值钱的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】由outstandingperformance(出色表现)和prove(证明)可知,a______winner中的空格应该表示“值得的”。因此,该题选择B项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项表示值得花时间、金钱、努力等,不符合句意;C项只用作表语,不用于名词前作定语;D选项不符合句意。【句意】约翰在比赛中的出色表现证明他是当之无愧的胜利者。11.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】41.【选项释义】41.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus______.41.在第一段,作者告诉我们,身份可以帮助我们______。A.determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjobA.确定一个人是否适合某一份工作B.behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeopleB.在与他人的关系中举止得体C.protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituationsC.在不熟悉的情况下保护自己D.makefriendswithotherpeopleD.与他人交朋友【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段,第一段的段意是:身份是人类奇妙的发明,它使我们能够彼此相处(getalongwithoneanother),帮助人们确定在社会中所“适合”的位置。日常生活中,我们头脑里经常根据别人的身份试着判断别人。例如,我们必须判断图书馆的这个人是读者,还是图书馆管理人员,打来电话的人是朋友还是推销商。登门拜访的不速之客是小偷还是抄表工等等。从中我们可以看出,身份可以帮助我们做出判断,无论是对自己还是对他人的身份,所以身份可以帮助我们在与人交往中做出恰当的行为。B项符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“确定一个人是否适合某一份工作”是确定身份,而不是适合的工作,属于曲解原文;C选项“在不熟悉的情况下保护自己”没提到,无中生有;D选项“与他人交朋友”并不全面,以偏概全。42.【选项释义】42.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses______.42.根据作者的观点,人们通常会假设不同的身份,______。A.inordertoidentifythemselveswithothersA.以与他人认同B.inordertobetteridentifyothersB.为了更好地识别他人C.astheirmentalprocesseschangeC.随着心理过程的变化D.asthesituationchangesD.随着情形的变化【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“我们所假定的身份常常随着我们遇到的人的不同而变化,并且在一生中不断变化”,综合理解可推断,我们的身份是随着情形场合的变化而有所不同,所以D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“以与他人认同”没提到,无中生有;B选项“为了更好地识别他人”中的others应该改为status,该项曲解原文;C选项“随着心理过程的变化”是“我们的行为符合他人的行为”的基准,与题干无关,张冠李戴。43.【选项释义】43.Theword“appraisal”mostprobablymeans______.43.appraisal这个词的意思很可能是______。A.involvementA.参与B.appreciationB.欣赏C.assessmentC.评估D.presentationD.展示【考查点】词义推测题。【解题思路】根据appraisal定位至第二段倒数第二句“这意味着,我们的行为符合他人的行为,这是基于一个持续的appraisal和解释的心理过程”,从aconstantmentalprocess(一个持续的心理过程)可推测,这里涉及到一个动脑的过程,而在做出interpretation(解释,阐述)之前自然需要评价或鉴定的环节,所以选择项assessment应该是最为接近的词义,C项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“参与”、B选项“欣赏”、D选项“展示”曲解原文。44.【选项释义】44.Accordingtothelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun“it”refersto“______”.44.根据第二段最后一句,代词“it”指的是“______”。A.fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriatelyA.使我们的行为与他人的行为相适应B.identificationofotherpeople’sstatusesB.对他人身份的认同C.selectingone’sownstatusesC.选择自己的身份D.constantmentalprocessD.持续的心理过程【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段最后一句“尽管有些人觉得这个任务(task)比其他人更难,但大多数人都毫不费力地完成了它(it)”,可知it指代的是前面的task,而根据上一句“这意味着,我们的行为符合他人的行为(thatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeople),这是基于一个持续的评估和解释的心理过程”,可看出task指的是上一句中的thatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeople(我们的行为符合他人的行为)。因此,A项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“对他人身份的认同”、C选项“选择自己的身份”、D选项“持续的心理过程”都指代错误,曲解原文。45.【选项释义】45.Bysayingthat“anAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostumeofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince”,thewritermeans______.45.作者说“美国人不能自由选择中国农民或印度王子的服装”,意思是______。A.differentpeoplehavedifferentstylesofclothesA.不同的人有不同风格的衣服B.ready-madeclothesmayneedalterationsB.现成的衣服可能需要修改C.statusescomereadymadejustlikeclothesC.身份就像衣服一样是现成的D.ourchoiceofstatusesislimitedD.我们对身份的选择是有限的【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章最后一段第二句“但是,美国人并不能自由选择中国农民或印度王子的服装”,根据第一句“身份被比作现成的衣服”,以及最后一句“在做了一些小的调整后,我们往往被限制在商店的选择是有限的”,可知,身份就像衣服一样,可以选择合适的衣服的商店是有限的,那么综合理解,“美国人不能自由选择中国农民或印度王子的服装”是说明身份的选择是受限制的。因此,该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“不同的人有不同风格的衣服”和B选项“现成的衣服可能需要修改”中的衣服在文中只是一个比喻,该两项曲解原文;C选项“身份就像衣服一样是现成的”不符合原文,曲解原文。12.【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A.nordoeshethinkhehasto他也不认为他有必要B.neitherhethinkshehasto他也不认为他有必要C.hethinkshehasnotto,either他认为他也没必要D.hedoesn’tthinkhehasto他认为他没必要【考查点】表否定的用法。【解题思路】由never可知,空格前半句表示否定的含义,所以如果后半部分表示“……也一样”应该用nor(也不是……);且nor也是否定词,放在句首要部分倒装,故把情态动词或者助动词提前,A项符合。【干扰项排除】B选项neither表示“两者中没有一个”,不符合句意,排除;C选项either一般用于肯定句中;D选项没有连接词and,不能与前面的主句构成一个句子。【句意】帕特里克从来没有学过一门外语,他也不认为他必须学。13.【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A.attention注意B.focus关注C.emphasis强调D.word词语【考查点】固定搭配【解题思路】结合选项推测,原句语义为“这个老师非常重视实践”,原文使用的表达为laidalotof____on。C选项emphasis“强调”符合搭配要求,其常用搭配为put/lay/placeemphasisonsth.“强调/重视某事”。【干扰项排除】A选项attention“注意”,常用搭配为pay/draw/attractattentionto,不符合原句搭配;B选项focus“关注”,常用搭配为thefocusof/onsth.,不符合原句搭配;D选项word“词语”,不用于原文搭配。【句意】这个老师非常重视实践。14.【答案】【参考译文】引导联合的是技术进步,技术的进步使信息更容易存储和迅速传输到家庭和办公室。例如,由细如发丝的玻璃纤维制成的光纤是一种非常高效的信息载体。通过玻璃纤维发的激光可以传输标准电话线25万倍的数据,或者每秒传输数万段这样的段落。这些技术极大地增加了数据传输的量和速度,可以与多车道高速公路比双车道高速公路允许更多的汽车以更快的速度移动的方式相比较——因此,信息高速公路由此得名。15.【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A.limp无生气的,无力的B.lame瘸的,没说服力的C.soft柔软的D.strong强壮的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】由主句“我认为这女孩身体不好(inbadhealth)”可推测,thehandshakewithher(和她的握手)应该是“无力的”。故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合句子逻辑。【句意】我认为这女孩身体不好,因为与她的握手很无力。16.【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A.flows流动,飘垂(单数形式)B.flow流动,飘垂(原形)C.flowing流动,飘垂(现在分词)D.flowed流动,飘垂(过去分词)【考查点】独立主格结构。【解题思路】这个句子已经有主谓宾,所以空格处的动词只能以非谓语的形式出现;而空格处的逻辑主语与主句的逻辑主语不一致,所以后半部分应该为独立主格结构。独立主格结构的形式是:名词/代词+分词/不定式/介词短语/名词/副词,这里flow和hair之间是主动关系,所以用flowing,C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B选项不是非谓语形式,不符合句子语法结构;D选项表示被动,不符合语义逻辑。【句意】照片中的女孩笑容灿烂,波浪般的头发飘垂在肩上。17.【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A.werelying在撒谎,正处于B.werelaid被覆盖,被放置C.havinglaid覆盖,放置D.havinglain躺下,处于【考查点】语态和动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句子前半句意思“英格兰正在经历多年来最艰难的冬天”,可知,someareas(一些地区)是被大雪覆盖了,故用被动语态;而表示“覆盖”要用lay,所以werelaid正确。故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项都表述主动语态,排除。【句意】英格兰正在经历多年来最艰难的冬天,一些地区被埋在6英尺大雪下近两个月。18.【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A.muchmoretoread要读得更多B.muchlesstoread更不用说去读C.muchlessreading更不用说读D.stillmorereading仍然更多的阅读【考查点】比较级的用法。【解题思路】句子中谓语动词find的真正宾语是toread…,所以比较成分中同样要用to的不定式;而muchless为常见用法,表示“更不用说”,符合句子意思。故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A选项不符合句子意思,与主句语意相矛盾;C、D选项中的reading和主句中宾语成分结构不对等。【句意】事实上,几乎每一位科学家现在都发现,要读完与自己学科相关的所有著作是不可能的,更不用说广泛阅读学科之外的著作了。19.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】16.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一步定位到首尾两段中心句,第一段第一句话Everyprofessionortrade,everyart,andeverysciencehaditstechnicalvocabulary...(每一种职业或行业,每一种艺术,每一门科学都有自己的技术词汇……)第二段的第一句话Differentoccupations,however,differwidelyinthecharacteroftheirspecialvocabularies.(然而,不同的职业,其特殊词汇的特点有很大的不同)从这两句可知文章是在描述一种现象,所以答案选A选项“描述一个现象”。B选项“讨论一种信仰”,文章没有提到信仰,这里属于无中生有。C选项“提出建议”,文章没有抛出问题更没有提出解决方案,这里属于无中生有。D选项“刺激作用”,文章没有说要采取行动,这里属于无中生有。17.【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。第一步,寻找句内信息,定位到第二段倒数第六句Mostofthenewcoinagesareconfinedtospecialdiscussionsandseldomgetintogeneralliteratureorconversation.Yet,noprofessionisnowadays,asallprofessionsoncewere,aclosedguild.(大多数新造的词仅限于特殊的讨论,很少涉及一般文学或谈话。然而,现在没有职业像所有职业曾经那样是一个封闭的行会),从这可以看出现在的职业环境与以前有了很大的改变;第二步寻找上下文线索,定位到第二段倒数第四句Thelawyer,thephysician,themanofscience,andtheclericassociatesfreelywithhisfellowcreatures,anddoesnotmeettheminamerelyprofessionalway.(律师、医生、科学家和神职人员都可以自由地与他的同伴交往,而不仅仅是以职业的方式与他们打交道),从这里可知以前职业的交流是在一个封闭的小圈子,而现在圈子被打破了,人们不再只是职业往来,还有平时社交也有增强,所以答案选B选项“专业人士和其他人之间有更多的社会交往”。A选项“现在成为一名专业人士比过去容易得多”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。C选项“大众科学已经把它们的秘密告诉了世界”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。D选项“任何人现在都能理解职业中的任何事情”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。18.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。第一步,联系上下文,作者写这篇文章是向读者介绍专业术语的存在、使用、演变,并揭示其必然性和重要性,因此,如果他去研究某一新领域时,他一定会想到这个领域中的专业术语是什么,有何意义,以便于自己的研究,由此,可以推断出,他会注意专业术语,故C选项“仔细注意新领域的技术词汇”正确。A选项“请一位词典专家来”,定位到文章第二段第六句话Yet,everyvocationstillpossessesalargebodyoftechnicaltermsthatremainessentiallyforeign,even

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