我国农业机械自动化技术与应用 中英文对照

OnthetechnologyandapplicationofourcountryagriculturemachineryautomationinChineseandEnglish.在我国常见的农业机械自动化的应用 当今各国都在大力发展农业机械自动化的研究,,许多成果已经达到实用化的阶段,下面 主要介绍我国自动化的应用现状。ResearchofapplicationinChina,1commonagriculturalmachineryautomationnowadaysallthecountriesinthedevelopmentofagriculturalmachineryautomation,manyachievementshavereachedthepracticalstage,thefollowingintroducestheapplicationstatusofChina'sautomation.1.1我国现已装置的农业机械自动化 我国目前已经装备的农业机械自动化技术主要是提高农业机械在作业性能和操作性能。Agriculturalmachineryautomationtechnologyhasequipmentofagriculturalmachineryautomation1.1Chinahasdeviceinourcountrymainlyistoimprovetheagriculturalmachineryintheoperationperformanceandoperationperformance.以下介绍一些在已经使用的自动Thefollowingaresomethathavebeenusedinautomatic化装置和正在研制的装置。Apparatusandequipmentaredeveloping.1)拖拉机。在农业领域中拖拉机是应用最为广泛的接卸装置 ,现已广泛装置了机械油压式三点连接控制系统。目前又开辟出了性能更为优越更完善的电子油压式三点连接控制系统。新的系统主要是改善机械油压式三点连接装置,才用了微机或者电磁操作控制阀和心阀来提高位调节和力调节的控制水平。水平控制系统可以减去拖拉机在不平衡路面上引起的摆布轮胎不平的影响,使旋耕机保持水平等。新型的拖拉机速度控制系统可以自动的设置机器的运转速度,可以有效的调节机器的速度以适应不同的作业环境,从而提高工作效率。1)tractor.Inthefieldofagriculturetractorunloadingdeviceisthemostwidelyused,isnowwidelydeviceofmechanicalhydraulictypethreeisconnectedwiththecontrolsystem.Atpresent,hasdevelopedamoresuperiorperformancemoreperfectelectronichydraulicpressurethreeconnectioncontrolsystem.Thenewsystemismainlytoimprovethemechanicalhydraulictypethreeconnectingdevice,onlywiththelevelofcontrolmicrocomputerorelectromagneticcontrolvalveandthevalvetoimprovethepositioncontrolandforcecontrol.Levelcontrolsystemcansubtracttractorintheinfluenceofimbalancecausedbytyreroadoruneven,sokeeplevelrotarycultivator.Thenewtractorspeedcontrolsystemcanautomaticallysetthemachinerunningspeed,canadjustthespeedofthemachinetoadapttodifferentworkenvironment,whichcanimprovetheworkefficiency.2)施肥播种机。根据机器行使的速度来检测撒播的种子或者给料来确定播种量是否符合播种要求的装置。2)fertilizationseeder.Accordingtothemachinespeedtodetecttheexercisesowseedorfeedtodeterminetheseedingquantityisinaccordancewiththerequirementsofthedeviceofsowing.3)移栽机。大蒜移栽机的运用,棉花移栽机目前也在新疆大规模的推广使用,辣椒移栽机等装置大大提高了工作效率。3)transplantingmachine.Useofgarlictransplantingmachine,cottontransplanterisalsoinXinjiangpromotetheuseoflargescale,peppertransplantingmachinedevicegreatlyimprovestheworkefficiency.4)插秧机。插秧机在转弯时自动减速和机体的水平控制装置等着。4)ricetransplanter.Levelcontroldevicefortransplantingmachineautomaticdecelerationduringcorneringandbodywith.5)喷雾机。自动根据农作物的高度控制喷洒物的高度装置 ,根据喷洒对象的大小自动调节喷雾量的装置等。5)sprayingmachine.Automaticallyaccordingtotheheightofthedevicetocontroltheheightofcropsprayingmaterial,accordingtoautomaticallyadjusttheamountofspraysprayobjectthesizeofthedevice.6)联合收割机。自动控制割茬高度的装置,自动控制脱粒机的喂入量装置,根据农作物的生长情况自动调节行进速度装置等。6)combineharvester.Automaticcontrolofstubbleheightofthedevice,theautomaticcontrolofthethreshingmachinefeedingdevice,accordingtothegrowthofcropsautomaticregulatingspeedunit.微灌自动控制技术。Automaticcontroltechnologyofthe2irrigation.在农业灌溉技术方面,我国研制和改进了微喷灌设备,微灌带,和旋转式微喷头等设备,并根据我国的国情总结出了一套微灌溉设计参数和计算方法。在国内建立了一批试验田。在一些地区彻底实现了自动化的灌溉系统,可以长期地自动启闭水泵和自动按一定的轮灌顺序 进行灌溉。这种灌溉系统中应用了灌水器、土壤水分传感器、温度传感器、压力传感器、水位传感器和雨量传感器等。Intheagriculturalirrigationtechnology,China'sdevelopmentandimprovementofthemicrosprinklerirrigationequipment,irrigation,andtherotarymicronozzlesandotherequipment,andaccordingtothesituationofourcountryandsummarizesasetofmicroirrigationdesignparametersandcalculationmethod.Theestablishmentofanumberofexperimentalfield.Insomeareas,thefullrealizationoftheautomationofirrigationsystem,canlongtimetoautomaticallyopenandclosethewaterpumpandtheautomaticaccordingtocertainirrigationsequenceforirrigation.Thistypeofirrigationsystemintheapplicationoftheemitter,soilmoisturesensor,temperaturesensor,pressuresensor,waterlevelsensorsandrainfallsensor.自动控制技术在精准农业中的应用。Applicationof3automaticcontroltechnologyinprecisionagriculture.现在农业正在向着精准农业发展,精准农业是在信息技术的支持下根据空间变异,利用GPS定位,按时按量的实行农业操作和管理。精准农业主要是根据农作物的生存土壤状况,调节对农作物的投入,他一方面需要查清田地内的土壤性状和生产力空间的变异,一方面确定农作物的生产目标,进行定位的科学管理,最优化的方案调动土壤生产能力,用至少的的投入达到最大的收益化,而且还可以改善环境,高效地利用各类农业资源美国竹柳,这样可以取的经济效益和环境效益的双重收入。Nowagricultureistowardthedevelopmentofprecisionagriculture,precisionagricultureissupportedbyinformationtechnologybasedonthespatialvariation,byusingGPS,theamountoftimetocarryoutagriculturaloperationandmanagement.Precisionagricultureisbasedmainlyonthesurvivalsoilconditions,crop,regulationofcropinputs,ononehandheneedstofindoutthevariationofsoilpropertiesandproductivityoflandwithinthespace,adeterminationofcropproductiontargetpositioning,scientificmanagement,optimizationproposaltomobilizesoilproductivity,achievethemaximumreturnwithminimumtheinvestment,butalsocanimprovetheenvironment,efficientuseofagriculturalresources,doubleincomethatcantaketheeconomicbenefitsandenvironmentalbenefits.精准农业是有十多个复杂的系统组成的 ,即网络化管理系统,农业专家系统,农田地理信息系统等组成,其核心是建立一个健全完善的农田地理信息系统。可以说是现代信息技术和农业结合的一种新型农业。精准农业强调的是农业收获效益,而不是过分强调的高产。精准农业将农业带入了信息化和数字时代,是农业发展的重要方向。Precisionagricultureiscomposedofmorethan10complexsystem,namelythenetworkmanagementsystem,agriculturalexpertsystem,composedofFarmlandGeographicinformationsystem,itscoreistheestablishmentofaperfectFarmlandGeographicInformationsystem.Canbesaidtobeanewtypeofagricultureandagriculturewithmoderninformationtechnology.Emphasisonprecisionagricultureisagriculturaleconomicbenefits,butnottoomuchemphasisonthehighyield.Precisionagricultureagricultureintoinformationanddigitalera,isanimportantdirectionofagriculturaldevelopment.传统农业的发展在很大程度上依赖于生物遗传育种技术,以及化肥、农药、矿物能源、机械动力等投入的大量增加而实现。由于化学物质的过量投入引起生态环境和农产品质量下降,高能耗的管理方式导致农业生产效益低下 ,资源日显短缺,在农产品国际市场竞争日益激烈的时代,这种管理模式显然不能适应农业持续发展的需要。Thedevelopmentoftraditionalagriculturelargelyreliesonthetechnologyofbiologicalgeneticbreeding,aswellasalargenumberofchemicalfertilizer,pesticide,mineralenergy,mechanicalpowerandtheincreaseofinputandrealization.Duetoexcessiveinputsofchemicalsubstancescausethedeclineofecologicalenvironmentandthequalityofagriculturalproducts,highenergyconsumptionmanagementmodeleadstotheagriculturalproductionefficiencyislow,resourcesshortage,inthecompetitionofagriculturalproductsintheinternationalmarketincreasinglycompetitiveera,thiskindofmanagementpatternobviouslycannotmeettheneedofagriculturalsustainabledevelopment.农业机械自动化的必要性Thenecessityof4agriculturalmachineryautomation4.1解决农村劳力不足问题Tosolvetheproblemoftheshortageoflaborforceinruralareas4.1当今社会经济全球化,信息透明化,社会变的越来越精彩,对人们的吸引力也越来越大,令无数的农村的青壮年憧憬,造成大量的农村劳动力离开农业生产。农村有知识有文化的大学生由于在学习的过程中就被城市生活吸引也偏爱经济发达地区和城市的机关或者企业。很少有人回到农村和僻静的山村。这就造成为了我国基层农业劳动力的减少和农业人材的流失。此外,我国人口老龄化问题也日益严重,一些地区相继进入老龄化社会,这些问题导致了农村人口结构的变化,农村剩余大量的老弱病残等人,上述这些问题导致农村人口结构的变化 ,从而将在更大程度上产生对农业机械自动化的需求,实现农业土工膜生产的自动化是必然的。 Intoday'seconomicglobalization,transparencyofinformation,thesocietybecomesmoreandmoreexciting,attractiveforcetopeopleisalsomoreandmorebig,makecountlessruralyoungpeopleaspireto,resultinginalargenumberofrurallaboroutofagricultureproduction.Ruralknowledgestudentsbecauseintheprocessoflearningisalsoprefercitylifeattracteconomicallydevelopedareasandthecityauthoritiesorenterprises.Fewpeoplebacktothevillageofruralandremote.Thiscausedtheagriculturallaborofourcountryagricultureisreducedandthelossoftalent.Inaddition,theproblemofagingpopulationinChinaisbecomingmoreandmoreserious,someareashaveenteredtheagingsociety,theseproblemsledtothechangeinruralpopulation,ruralsurpluslargeLaoruobingcanetal.,theseproblemsleadtothechangeoftheruralpopulationstructure,whichwillproducetotheautomationofagriculturalmachinerydemandtoagreaterextent,realizeautomationofagriculturalproductionisinevitable.4.2社会进步的需求4.2,thesocialprogressdemands随着社会的进步,科技的发展,人们的观念正逐渐发生着变化,现在人们已再也不满足于温饱问题,而是对生活提出了更高的要求,向着更营养,高品质的农业产品。从事农业的劳动者也对劳动生产率和和劳动的舒适性提出更高的要求。伴有着全球一体化,中国加入WTO,农产品也面临着开放进口和全球的市场竞争压力双重压力,在农业生产中惟独提高劳动生产率,降低生产成本,提高产品质量才干在竞争中立于不败之地复合土工膜。从这些新的需求看农业生产必向着高效,高精度的机械自动化发展。Alongwiththeprogressofthesociety,thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,people'sconceptisgraduallychanging,nowpeoplearenolongersatisfiedwiththeproblemoffoodandclothing,butalsoputforwardhigherrequirementsforlife,morenutrition,agriculturalproductquality.Agriculturalworkersalsoputforwardhigherrequirementsonlaborproductivityandlaborcomfort.Alongwiththeglobalintegration,China'saccessiontotheWTO,agriculturalproductsarefacingmarketcompetitionpressuretoopentheimportandglobal,onlyimprovelaborproductivityinagriculturalproduction,reduceproductioncosts,improveproductqualitytoremaininvincibleinthecompetition.Agriculturalproductionwillbetowardhighefficiencyfromthesenewrequirements,thedevelopmentofhighprecisionmachineryautomation.5结论5knottheory农业机械化不论在过去还是现在农业中都但当着主角,随着社会的发展,人们已不满足以前的农业机械看,对农业机械又提出了新的要求,即实现农业机械的自动化。农业机械自动化不仅能提高农业作业的效率,节约能源,降低在农业中的投资,还能提高产品的品质,增加农业产品的竞争力。农业机械自动化的实施势必是未来农业生产系统中的核心作用。但是,推动和实现农业的机械自动化是机械自动化技术工作者面HDPE土工膜临的课题和挑战。随着现在科技技术的发展,农业生产中的机械部份自动化转向无人操作的自动化。AgriculturalMechanizationinagricultureinthepastornowbutwhenleadingrole,withthedevelopmentofsociety,peoplehavenotsatisfiedtheagriculturalmachinerybefore,butalsoputsforwardnewrequirementsforagriculturalmachinery,namely,torealizetheautomationofagriculturalmachinery.Agriculturalmachineryautomationcannotonlyimprovetheefficiencyofagriculturalproduction,saveenergy,reducetheinvestment