2023.06英语六级真题第2套

2023202362PAGE18页2023年6月英语六级真题第2套PartIWriting (30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence“Whenfacedwithdifferingopinions,weshouldtrytoreachagreementthroughfriendlydiscussionandreasonableargument.”Youcanmakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension (30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard,A)Sheisattractedtothebeautyofmodernbuildings.Sheispreoccupiedwithherdreamtobeanarchitect.Sheisinfluencedbyherfatherwhoteachesarchitecture.Sheisdrawntoitsintegrationofdesignandengineering.A)Throughhardwork. C)Bystudyingthesubjectonline.Withtheprofessor'shelp. D)Bytakingprerequisitecourses.A)Itisgroundbreaking.Itislong-lasting.Itisimmaterial.Itisimmortal.A)Economics. C)Computerscience.Philosophy. D)Westernart.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Hehasoccasionallybeenharassedbyhisfans.Hehasbeenguardedbyadiscreetassistant.Heiswellknowntothepublic.Heisafamousfootballcoach.A)Serveasapersonalassistant. C)Runcommondailychoresforthewoman.PlayakeyroleinRealMadrid. D)HelppromoteMr.Sanchez'spublicprofile.A)Heishonestandalwaystellsthetruth. C)Hecareslittleabouthisworkinghours.Heonceworkedpart-timeinuniversity. D)Hehaslittlepreviousworkexperience.A)Hehasastrongabilitytoconnectwithpeople.Hehasahighproficiencyinseverallanguages.Hehasasoundknowledgeofsportsconsultancy.Hehasanaturalcapacitytocooperatewithothers.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theybringmorebenefitstoyoungpeople.C)Theyaremoresuitabletoyoungpeople.Theyrequirelesssupervisionandtraining.D)Theyhavefewerrulesandpressures.A)Theypreventkidsfromenjoyingadventuresports.Theyhelpkidsguardagainstanypossibleinjuries.Theyrobkidsofthechancetocultivatetheircourage.Theydeprivekidsoftheopportunitytodevelopteamspirit.A)Helpthemtakeupthesesportswhentheyaremoremature.Letthemparticipateinsomelessriskyoutdooractivities.Askthemtotrysomeformsofindoorsports.Introducethemtothesesportsstepbystep.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Consumersoftenhaveacravingforthelatestmodel.Suchproductstendtocomprisepartsthatareirreplaceable.Techfirmsintentionallydesignproductstohaveshortlifespans.Manufacturersuseeffectivestrategiestopromotefancierproducts.A)Indicatethecompetitivenessoftheirproducts.Listarepairabilityscoreoftheirproducts.Specifythemajorpartsoftheirproducts.Detailthelifecycleoftheirproducts.A)Taketheinitiativetoreduceelectronicwaste.Takeduecautioninupgradingtheirproducts.Investinconstructingmorerecyclingfacilities.Substitutealltoxicsubstanceswithnon-toxicones.A)Itcanbesolved. C)Itwillbefixedbytechcompanies.Itiscertaintoworsen. D)Itisunavoidableinthelongrun.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassagesandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Howinternetmonitoringcanbeimplemented.C)Howcyberloafingaffectsoverallproductivity.Howtoencourageproductiveinternetsurfing.D)Howtopreventemployeesfromcyberloafing.A)Cyberloafingisasignofworkers'laziness.Cyberloafingmayrelieveemployeesofstress.Employeeengagementiscloselyrelatedtojobsatisfaction.Overuseofsocialmediamayleadtodeclineinproductivity.A)Takingmini-breaksmeansbetterjobperformance.Cyberloafinggenerallydoesmoreharmthangood.Workerturnoverislinkedtothetimeallowedforcyberloafing.Employeeswhoindulgeininternetsurfingaremostlikelytoquit.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard,A)Therewerenowoodenbuildings. C)Therewerenotrees.Therewereenvironmentalproblems. D)Therewerefewsettlers.A)HeservedaschairmanoftheNebraskaStateBoardofAgriculture.HeurgedthestatetostarttheNebraskaStateGardeningSociety.Heengagedhimselfinalargenumberofaestheticprojects.Hefoundedanewspaperandusedittopromotehisideas.A)AspecialprizewasawardedtoJuliusMorton.OnemilliontreeswereplantedthroughoutNebraska.ThestategovernmentdeclaredittheofficialArborDay.Nebraskaearnedthenickname"theTreePlantersState".Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)TheyspreadacrossEuropeandAsiainafewdecades.TheylivedmostlyinAfricaforabout200,000years.TheypreferredtoliveinEuroperatherthaninAsia.TheymovedoutofAfricaabout60,000yearsago.A)ThediscoveryoftwomodernhumanteethinChina.ThetracesofhumanmigrationoutofAfricatoAsia.ThehumanfossilsdiscoveredmostrecentlyinAfrica.TheLunacaveinGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.A)Theremusthavebeensomereasonforhumanmigration.Therehavebeenchangesinanimals'livingconditions.Humansadaptedthemselvestotheenvironmentthere.Humanshadaccesstoabundantfoodsourcesthere.A)HohumanssettleddownontheArabianPeninsula.WhenmodernhumansstartedtodisperseoutofAfrica.WhatpathmodernhumanstooktomigrateoutofAfrica.Whyfreshwaterissoimportantforhumansurvival.PartIIIReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Imaginesittingdowntoabigdinner:amassivesteak,alargeportionoffriedpotatoes,andcakefordessert.Aftereatingsomuch,youshouldbetoofulltoeatanotherbite.Butsomepeopleexperienceapowerfulurgetokeepeating,evenafter26inahugemeal,abehaviorthatmakeslittlesense,asmostadultsarewell-versedinthedangersofobesity,whichresearchershaveshowncorrelateswith27healthissuesandisevenlinkedtoincreased28risk.Butsomepeoplestillkeepeatinglongaftertheyshouldstop,aphenomenonDr.SusanThompsoncalls"insatiable(永不满足的)hunger."Itischaracterizedbytwomain29:notbeingsatisfiedbyeating,andhavingadesiretostaysedentary(久坐不动的).Thisisat30withhowhumansarebiologicallyprogrammed.Whentherewasagreatdealoffoodavailable,ancientpeoplewouldgorgeoncalories;thismassivecalorieintakewasaccompaniedbyanurgetogetactive.Humanswerealsoprogrammedforsomethingcalled"compensation,"whichisthebrain's31mechanismforpreventingtheaccumulationofexcessweight.Withcompensation,ifyoueatonelargemealinthemorning,youarenaturally32toeatlessfortherestoftheday.Butrecentstudiesshowthat70%ofAmericanadultshavelosttheabilitytonaturallycompensateforthecaloriestheyconsume;worse33,asignificantnumberofthemreport34hungerhalfwaythroughaneatingsession,but,bytheendofthemeal,theyfeelthesameorhigherlevelsofhungerthanwhentheysatdown.Dr.Thompsonarguesthatthemaincauseofthisphenomenonisthemoderndiet,whichis35offoodhighinsugar,carbohydratesandcalories.attributesattributescomprisedconcededconservationdiminishingfarinclinedindulginginnumerablemortalityoddsplightsregulatorystillunmatchableSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymakingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheproblemwithbeingperfectWhenpsychologistJessicaPryorlivednearaninternationallyrenowneduniversity,sheoncesawastudentwalkingintoalibraryholdingasleepingbagandacoffeemaker.Shehasheardofgraduatestudentsspending12to18hoursatatimeinthelab.Theirschedulesaremeanttobeliterallypunishing:Iftheyarescientists-in-training,theywon'tallowthemselvestowatchNetflixuntiltheirexperimentsstartgeneratingresults."Relationshipsbecomeestranged疏远的)-peoplestopinvitingthemtosocialgatheringsordinnerparties,whichleadsthemtospendevenmoretimeinthelab,"Pryortoldme.Alongwithothertherapists,Pryor,whoisnowwiththeFamilyInstituteatNorthwesternUniversity,istryingtosoundthealarmaboutatendencyamongyoungadultsandcollegestudentstostriveforperfectionintheirwork—sometimesatanycost.Thoughitisoftenportrayedasapositivetrait,Pryorandotherssayextremeperfectionismcanleadtodepression,anxiety,andevensuicide.What'smore,perfectionismseemstobeontherise.InastudyofthousandsofAmerican,Canadian,andBritishcollegestudentspublishedearlierthisyear,ThomasCurranoftheUniversityofBathandAndrewHillofYorkSt.JohnUniversityfoundthattoday'scollegestudentsreporthigherlevelsofperfectionismthancollegestudentsdidduringthe1990sorearly2000s.Theymeasuredthreetypesofperfectionism:self-oriented,oradesiretobeperfect;sociallyprescribed,oradesiretoliveuptoothers'expectations;andother-oriented,orholdingotherstounrealisticstandards.From1989to2016,theyfound,self-orientedperfectionismscoresincreasedby10percent,sociallyprescribedscoresroseby33percent,andother-orientedperfectionismincreasedby16percent.Apersonlivingwithanother-orientedperfectionistmightfeelcriticizedbytheperfectionistspousefornotdoinghouseholdchoresexactlythe"right"way."Oneofthemostcommonthingscouplesargueaboutistheproperwayofloadingthedishwasher,"saysAmyBach,apsychologistinProvidence,RhodeIsland.Currandescribessociallyprescribedperfectionismas"Myself-esteemiscontingentonwhatotherpeoplethink."Hisstudydidn'texaminethecausalreasonsforitsrise,butheassumesthattheriseofbothstandardizedtestingandsocialmediamightplayarole.Thesedays,LinkedInalertsuswhenourrivalgetsanewjob,andInstagramcanletusknowhowwell"liked"ourlivesarecomparedwithafriend's.Inanopinionpieceearlierthisyear,CurranandHillarguethatsocietyhasalsobecomemoredog-eat-dog."Overthelast50years,publicinterestandcivicresponsibilityhavebeenprogressivelyeroded,"theywrite,"replacedbyafocusonself-interestandcompetitioninasupposedlyfreeandopenmarketplace."Westriveforperfection,itseems,becausewefeelwemustinordertogetahead.MichaelBrustein,aclinicalpsychologistinManhattan,sayswhenhefirstbeganpracticingin2007,hewassurprisedbyhowprevalentperfectionismwasamonghisclients,despitehowlittlehisgraduatetraininghadfocusedonthephenomenon.Heseesperfectionismin,amongothers,clientswhoareentrepreneurs,artists,andtechemployees."You'reinNewYorkbecauseyou'reambitious,youhavethisneedtostrive,"hesays."Butthenyourwholeidentitygetswrappedintoagoal."Perfectionismcan,ofcourse,beapositiveforce.Thinkofprofessionalathletes,whotrainaggressivelyforever-higherlevelsofcompetition.Inwell-adjustedperfectionism,someonewhodoesn'tgetthegoldisabletoforgetthesetbackandmoveon.Inmaladaptive(不当的)perfectionism,meanwhile,peoplemakeanarchiveofalltheirfailures.Theyrevisitthesearchivesconstantly,thinking,asPryorputsit,"IneedtomakemyselffeelterriblesoIdon'tdothisagain."Thentheydoubledown,"raisingtheexpectationbarevenhigher,whichincreasesthelikelihoodofdefeat,whichmakesyouself-critical,soyouraisethebarhigher,workevenharder,"shesays.Nextcomesfailure,shame,andpushingyourselfevenhardertowardevenhigherandmoreimpossiblegoals.Meetingthembecomesan"allornothing"premise.Pryorofferedthisexample:"EvenifI'manincredibleattorney,ifIdon'tmakepartnerinthesamepacingasoneofmycolleagues,clearlythatmeansI'mafailure."Brusteinsayshisperfectionistclientstendtodevaluetheiraccomplishments,sothateverytimeagoalisachieved,thehighlastsonlyashorttime,like"agastankwithaholeinit."Ifthebosssaysyoudidagreatjob,it'sbecausehedoesn'tknowanything.Iftheaudiencelikesyourwork,that'sbecauseit'stoostupidtoknowwhatgoodartactuallyis.But,therapistssay,therearealsodifferentwaysperfectionismmanifests.Someperfectionistsarealwayspushingthemselvesforward.Butothersactuallyfallbehindonwork,unabletocompleteassignmentsunlesstheyare,well,perfect.Ortheymighthandicaptheirperformanceaheadoftime.They'retheonespartyinguntil2a.m.thenightbeforethefinal,sothatwhenthegradeCrollsin,there'sareadyexcuse.Whileeducatorsandparentshavesuccessfullyconvincedstudentsoftheneedtobehighperforminganddiligent,theexpertstoldme,theyhaven'tadequatelypreparedthemfortheinevitabilityoffailure.Insteadofpraiseslike"You'resosmart,"parentsandeducatorsshouldsaythingslike"Youreallystuckwithit,"Pryorsays,toemphasizethevalueofperseveranceoverintrinsictalent.Pryornotesthatmanyofherclientsarewaryshe'll"turnthemintosomedegeneratecouchpotatoandteachthemtobeokaywithit."Instead,shetriestohelpthemthinkthroughthepartsoftheirperfectionismthey'dliketokeep,andtolosethepartsthatareruiningtheirlives.Bach,whoseesmanystudentsfromBrownUniversity,sayssomeofthemdon'tevengooutonweekends,letaloneweekdays.Shetellsthem,"Aimhigh,butgetcomfortablewithgoodenough."Whentheydon'tgetsomeaward,sheencouragesthemtorememberthat"oneoutcomeisnotabasisforabroadconclusionabouttheperson'sintelligence,qualifications,orpotentialforthefuture."Thetreatmentforperfectionismmightbeassimpleashavingpatientskeeplogsofthingstheycanbeproudof,orhavingthembehaveimperfectlyinsmallways,justtoseehowitfeels."Wemighthavethemhangthetowelscrooked(不正的)orwearsomeclothinginsideout,"saysMartinAntony,aprofessorinthedepartmentofpsychologyatRyersonUniversityinToronto.Brusteinlikestogethisperfectionistclientstocreatevaluesthatareimportanttothem,thentrytoshifttheirfocustolivingaccordingtothosevaluesratherthanachievingspecificgoals.It'saplayonthe"Youreallystuckwithit"messageforkids.Inotherwords,itisn'taboutdoingaheadstandinyogaclass;it'saboutgoingtoyogaclassinthefirstplace,becauseyouliketobethekindofpersonwhotakescareofherself.Buthewarnsthatsomepeoplegointotherapyexpectingtoomuch-aninstanttransformationofthemselvesfromapathological(病态的)perfectionisttoa(stillhigh-achieving)non-perfectionist.Theytrytobeperfect,inotherwords,atnolongerbeingperfect.Sociallyprescribedperfectionismisdescribedasone'sself-esteemdependingonotherpeople'sopinion.JessicaPryorhaslearnedthatsomegraduatestudentsworksuchlonghoursinthelabthattheyhavelittletimeforentertainmentorsocializing.Theauthorbelievesperfectionismmaysometimesbeconstructive.Itisfoundthatperfectionismisgettingmoreandmoreprevalentamongcollegestudents.Someexpertssuggestparentsandeducatorsshouldpreparestudentsforfailures.Sometherapistswarnthatyoungadultstendtopursueperfectionintheirwork.PsychologistAmyBachencouragesherstudentstoaimhighbutbecontentwithsomethinglessthanperfect.Aclinicalpsychologistfindsperfectionismiswidespreadamonghisclients.Intryingtoovercomeperfectionism,somepeoplearestillpursuingperfection.Inpursuingperfection,someperfectionistsfailtocompletetheirtasksontime.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Howonearthdidwecometothis?Weprotectourchildrenobsessivelyfromeveryharm;wescrutinizeeverycarer,teacherordoctorwithwhomtheycomeintocontact.Yetdespiteallthis,onegroup,whichinnowayhastheirbestinterestsatheart,hasalmostunconstrainedaccess.Weseemtotakeitforgrantedthatadvertisersandmarketersareallowedtoconditioneventheyoungestchildren.Beforechildrenhaveevendevelopedapropersenseoftheirownidentity,orlearnedtohandlemoney,they'reencouragedtoassociatestatusandself-worthwithstuff,andtolooktoexternalthingssuchasfameandwealthforvalidation.We'returningoutlittleconsumersratherthanyoungcitizenswhowillvaluethemselvesforwhattheycontributetothesocietyinwhichtheylive.We'vereachedthispointsograduallythatmanyofushaveneverquestionedit.It'screptuponusinthe60yearssinceadvertisersstartedtotargettheyoungandfoundthattheycouldrecruitthemtoacommercialassaultontheirparents.We'vecometoknowitas"pesterpower"ortheabilityofchildrentopressureparentstomakecertainpurchases.Manypsychologists,childdevelopmentexpertsandeducatorspointtoresearchsuggestingthatthisemergingcradle-to-graveconsumerismiscontributingtogrowingratesoflowself-esteem,depressionandotherformsofmentalillness.Notallpsychologistsagree.There'replentyworkinghandinglovewitha￡12bn-a-yearindustrythathasturnedthemanipulationofadultemotionsanddesiresintoanartform-oftenliterally.It'salsoonethat'sforeverdevelopingnewwaystopersuadeourchildrentodesirematerialpossessions,andbecauseofadvertisements'viraleffecttheyonlyneedtoinfectafewtoreachthemany.Advertisingandmarketingcanserveausefulpurposeforchildren.Marketingmayhelpsocializechildrenasconsumers,informthemaboutproducts,andhelpthemcarveoutuniqueidentitiesastheyreachadulthood.Then,shouldwebanalladvertisingaimedatyoungchildren?Isayyes.Ofcoursethere'llbeplentyofobjectionstoanoutrightbanonadvertisingtotheunder-11s.There'llbethosewhoarguethatwouldbeabreachoffreedomofspeechandinfringetherightsofcorporationstobrainwashlittlechildrenintodemandingtheirproducts.Mostparentshatewhatadvertisingdoestotheirchildren,butwedohavethepowertoenditandletourchildrengrowupfreefrommanyofthepressuresofconsumerismuntilthey'reoldenoughtomaketheirowndecisions.Andthoughadvertisingisonlypartofanall-pervasive(无处不在的)marketingcultureweneedtomakeastartsomewhere.Let'sbanalladvertisingtargetingchildrenofprimaryschoolageandyoungernow.Whichgroupofpeopledoestheauthorsayhasalmostunrestrictedaccesstochildren?Advertisers. B)Carers. C)Teachers. D)Doctors.Whatkindofpeopleshouldweenablechildrentobecomeaccordingtotheauthor?Thosewholooktofameandwealthforexternalandultimatevalidation.Thosewhovaluethemselvesbecauseoftheircontributiontosociety.Thosewhoassociateself-worthwiththeabilitytohandlemoney.Thosewhohavedevelopedapropersenseoftheirownidentity.Manychilddevelopmentexpertsandeducatorscallattentiontoresearchthatsuggests .life-longconsumerismiscausingmoreandmorecasesofpsychologicalproblems.increasingcommercializationofeducationiserodingmanychildren'sself-esteem.thegrowingdesireforwealthiscontributingtoarisingrateofdepression.thecravingforpurchasingmaterialthingsisnurturedthroughoutone'slife.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheimpactofadvertising?Itisactuallyinfectioustomanyratherthanafew.Itisrootedinourdesireformaterialpossessions.Itiscomparabletothatofvirus.Itisliterallylimitedtochildren.Whatistheopponents'argumentagainstacompletebanonadvertisingtoyoungchildren?Itwoulddeprivethemofthechancetolearnaboutproducts.Itwouldrenderthemunabletocarveoutuniqueidentities.Itwouldbreachtheirfreedomaswould-beconsumers.Itwouldviolatetherightsendoweduponadvertisers.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manyopposeworkplacesurveillance,becauseoftheinherentdehumanizingeffectithasandtherelentlesspressureitbrings.Butit'sontherisearoundtheworldasfirmslooktobecomemoreefficientbysqueezingmoreproductivityfromtheirworkers.Morethanhalfofcompanieswithover$750minannualrevenueused"non-traditional”monitoringtechniquesonstafflastyear.Monitoringemployeeperformancegivesfirmstheabilitytoassesshowtheirstaffareperformingandinteracting,whichcanbegoodforboththefirmandemployeesthemselves.Agrowingnumberofanalyticscompaniesofferthisservice.Theygather"dataexhaust"leftbyemployees'emailandinstantmessagingapps,andusenamebadgesequippedwithradio-frequencyidentificationdevicesandmicrophones.Thesecancheckhowmuchtimeyouspendtalking,yourvolumeandtoneofvoice,evenifyoudonotdominateconversations.Whilethismaysoundintrusive,exponentsarguethatitcanalsoprotectemployeesagainstbullyingandsexualharassment.Someofthisdataanalysiscanproduceunexpectedresults.Forexample,itwasfoundthatpeoplewhosatat12-personlunchtablestendedtointeract,shareideasmoreandoutperformthosewhoregularlysatatfour-persontables,afactthatwouldprobablyhavegoneundetectedwithoutsuchdataanalysis.OverthelastfewyearsaStockholmco-workingspacecalledEpicenterhasgonemuchfurtherandholdspopular"chippingparties",wherepeoplecanhavemicrochipsimplantedintheirhands.Theycanusetheimplantstoaccesselectronically-controlleddoors,ormonitorhowtypingspeedcorrelateswithheartrate.Implantedchipsmayseemextreme,butitisarelativelysmallstepfromIDcardsandbiometricstosuchdevices.Aslongassuchschemesarevoluntary,therewillprobablybeagrowingnumberofconvenience-orientedusessothatasubstantialnumberofworkerswouldopttohaveachipinserted.Butifimplantedchipsareusedtoredu