新编大学英语4-unit-6-risks

Unit6

risksPartOnePreparation1.WhatIsRisk?2.RisksinJobs3.WhichActivityIsRiskier?4.WhyWouldPeopleLiketoTakeRisks?PartOne:Preparation>>WhatIsRisk?1.WhatisRisk

istheprobabilityoflosingsomethingofvalue.RISK?PartOne:Preparation>>WhatIsRisk?ThegreatestriskformostpeopleistheriskofTheRiskofrelationshipsandhappinessdeathhealth,safety,money,property,PartOne:Preparation>>RisksinJobs2.RisksinJobsWorkinpairstoclassifythefollowinglistofjobsaccordingtotherisksinvolvedinthejobs.Somejobshavedifferenttypesofrisks.RisksinJobsTask1Directions:Manyjobsinvolverisks.Someevenhaveseveralrisks.Workinpairstoclassifythefollowinglistofjobs.coal-miner stockbroker policeman president fireman singer lawyer teacherbusinessman pilot model writer farmer factoryworker psychiatristchemicalengineer computerprogrammer

RisksinJobsPhysicalRisksFinancialRisksEmotionalRiskscoal-minerpolicemanteacherpilotfiremanwriterfactoryworkerchemicalengineercomputerprogrammer

businessmanstockbrokerfarmerwriterpsychiatristlawyerpresidentteachersingerpsychologistwritermodelTask1

RisksinJobsDirections:Thoughmanyjobsinvolvedifferenttypesofrisks,westillhavetodoit.Watchthevideoanddiscusswithyourgroupmembersthefollowingquestions.

Doyouthinkpeopleinthevideoaredoingariskyjob?Doyouwishtoruntherisk?Whatdoyouthinkisthemostriskyjob?Why?

Task1VideoTask1ClicktostopandclickagaintocontinueRisksinEntertainingActivitiesTask2Peoplenowadaysarenolongercontenttothosetraditionalholidayexperiences.Theyareseekingmorethrillingactivities.Watchtheflash,youwillseeakindofexcitingbutveryriskyactivity.幻灯放映后在画面上点右键选播放Task2Directions:Doyouliketheactivityintheflash?Thinkaboutthefollowingquestionsandtelltheclassyouranswers.RisksinEntertainingActivities

Listasmanyaspossibletheactivitiesyouthinkareexcitingandriskyaswell.Choosethemostriskyoneandtellwhyyouthinkso.Doyouprefermoretraditionaloneormorethrillingone?Riskactivities极限运动

X-Games,ExtremeGames

Parachute跳伞

BASEjump极限跳伞，定点跳伞自行车越野，小轮车运动

bicyclemotocross(BMX)Scubadiving潜水Surfing冲浪摩托车越野

motocross(MTX)攀岩

rockclimbing蹦极

bungeejumping滑板运动

skateboarding,skurfingRafting漂流Skiing滑雪TalkShowNowaninterestingnumberofstudentsinChinaareinterestedinriskysports,butaccidentshappensfromtimetotime.Peoplebegintoaskwhetheritisworthwhileforcollegestudentstodothosesports.Nowworkingroupstostageatalkshow,onememberactsasthehostandothermembertheguests,discussingtheproblem.Directions:

Readthefollowingquotesonriskandworkinpairstodiscusswhypeoplewouldliketotakerisks.

Mostpeoplecandoextraordinarythingsiftheyhavetheconfidenceortakethe

risks.Yetmostpeopledon’t.Theysitinfrontofthetellyandtreatlifeasifitgoesonforever.

—PhilipAndrewAdams

Howeverwellorganizedthefoundationsoflifemaybe,lifemustalwaysbefullofrisks.

—HenryHavelockEllisWhywouldpeopleliketotakerisks?In-ClassReadingRisksandYouPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Workinpairstoanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatisrisk?Couldyouthinkofasmanyrisksasyoucaninourlife?SampleRiskistheprobabilitythatsomethingbadwillhappen.Lifeisfullofrisks.Forexample,peoplemayhurtthemselveswhenridingbicyclesbygettinginvolvedintrafficaccidents.Apassengermaybekilledinanaircrash,orevenachildwillbefacedwithsharptoysandpoorchildcare.Theremaybenaturaldisasterssuchashurricane,tsunami,infectiousdiseasesordangerousflood.Itseemsthelistcouldgoonandon.Whatshouldwedoinfaceofrisks?SampleWhenfacedwithrisks,weshouldstaycalmandtrytogethelp.Sometimeswecantakemeasurestoreducetheprobabilitiesofrisks.Forinstance,wecanreducethespeedwhenridingbicyclesormotors;we’dbetternotgoswimmingalone;weshouldn’ttrydangerousgameswithoutanyguidanceorprotection.Weshouldstopchildrenfromplayingdangerousandharmfulgames.What’sthedifferenceandsimilaritybetweenhypochondriaandanxietyaboutrisks?SampleHypochondria,fearofdiseaseandsuspiciousofbeingillislikeanxietyaboutrisksinsomeway.Botharetheresultofpartialinformation.Butthebigdifferenceisthatthehypochondriaccanusuallyturntoaphysiciantoclarifythewholesituation.Thenheknowsclearlywhetherhehasthesuspecteddiseaseornot.Astotherisksoflife,thesituationisnotthatsimple,forrisksarealmostalwaysamatterofprobabilityratherthancertainty.Risksarealwaysamatterofprobabilityratherthancertainty.

(Para.1-3)comparisonbetweenhypochondriaandanxietyabouttherisksoflife:SimilarityDifferenceHypochondriaAnxiety

abouttheRisksofLifeInbothcases,thefearoranxietyfeedsonpartialinformation.Thehypochondriaccanturntoaphysiciantogetadefinitiveclarificationofthesituation.Risksareamatterofprobabilityratherthancertainty.Wecaninformourselvesabouttherelevantrisksbeforeanydecision-makingbymeasuringthelevelofarisk.

(Para.4-7)Weshouldinformourselvesabouttherelevant

risksbeforemakinganydecision.(Para.4)Example1Weneedtoknowtherelativesafetyoflargecarsandsmallcarsbeforeourpurchase.(Para.5)ProblemHowdowemeasurethelevelofarisk?(Para.6)Example2Whichactivityisriskier,ridinginacarormining?

(Para.6)SolutionRisklevelscanbeexpressedinratiosorfractions.(Para.6-7)Example3Miningisfourtimesriskierthanridinginacar.(Para.7)Conclusion

(para.8)Commonsenseandrelevantinformationarekeystomanagingrisksinasensibleway.Shewasallowedtokeepthebookindefinitely.

indefinitely(adv.)

(Line10,Para.1)她被允许无限期保存那本书。Translation那个关键的商务谈判不能被无限期地推迟。Thatkeybusinesstalkshouldnotbepostponedindefinitely.

foraperiodoftimewithoutafixedlimit

无限期地definite–indefinite–indefinitely

definiteadj.clearlyknown,seen,orstated;withoutanyuncertainty明确的,一定的Exercise我们定一下下次比赛的确切日期吧。Let'sfix_____________forthenextmatch.adefinitedate受害者的父母要求一个明确的答复。Thevictim’sparentsdemanded_______________.adefiniteanswer请完成下面的句子。providingalastdecisionthatcannotbequestionedorchanged;conclusive

确定的，决定性的，有权威的definitive(adj.)

(Line13,Para.2)Exercise＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿bytheSupremeCourtisunlikelytobechanged.最高法院的最终决定是不太可能改变的。Thedefinitivedecision___________________ofthatbookhasbeenrevisedseveraltimes.那本书的最终版本已经经历了几次修改。Thedefinitiveedition请完成下面的句子。Thatdepartmentcouldprovideyouwith__________________________.那个部门能够给你出具一份权威的鉴定书(appraisal)。apieceofdefinitiveappraisalpartial(Line12,Para.2)adj.1)notcomplete部分的，不完全的Shecouldonlyenjoyapartialrecovery.她只是部分地恢复了健康（她还没有完全康复）。Translation在那座城堡的顶端可以欣赏到城市的部分景致。Apartialviewofthecitycanbeavailableatthetopofthecastle.

partialto

infml

havingastronglikingfor(非正式)过分喜欢，偏爱

MysisterisverypartialtoSuperGirlZhangLiangying.我妹妹非常偏爱超级女生张靓颖。Translation我非常喜欢吃甜食。I’mverypartialtosweetfood.

adj.3)unfairlysupportingonepersonoronegroupagainstanother

偏向一方的，偏袒的，不公正的ExerciseThereferee______________________Bayen

MunichinthatEuropeanChampionsLeaguematch.

裁判在那场欧洲冠军联赛的比赛中明显偏袒德国的拜仁慕尼黑队。wasclearlypartialtowardYouareexpected_____________________________________________.你必须让自己的判断客观公正。tokeepyourjudgmentawayfrom请完成下面的句子。anypartialattitudes句型应用

Itismuchmoredifficultwhenanxietyaboutotherformsofriskisconcerned,becausewithmanyrisks,thesituationisnotassimple.

(Line15)when…sth.isconcerned:就……来说，就……而言；有时常用asfarassth.isconcerned表示。译

文Example谈到政策，我得说几句。As

far

as

policy

is

concerned,

I

have

to

say

something.就我们而言,你什么时候走都行。When

we’re

concerned,

you

can

go

whenever

youwant.

译

文

Itismuchmoredifficultwhenanxietyaboutotherformsofriskisconcerned,becausewithmanyrisks,thesituationisnotassimple.

(Line15)但当涉及到其它形式的风险时，事情就要困难得多，因为对许多风险来说，情况并不那么简单。句型应用

Butwhatifyougethitfromthesideandenduptrappedinsidethevehicle,unabletoescapebecauseofadamagedseatbeltmechanism?

(Line20)译

文whatif…？相当于

whatwouldhappenif…意为：“如果……那又怎么办呢？”

如果她改变主意不来怎么办?What

if

she

changes

her

mind

and

doesn’t

turn

up?要是他妈妈不喜欢这个女孩该怎么办？What

ifhismotherdoesn’tlikethegirl?Example如果我们对家人和朋友不忠怎么办？What

ifwearefaithlesstoourfriendsandfamilies?enduptrapped一句中trapped是过去分词表示伴随，本分句译为“最终被卡在车里”。他最后成了公司的主管。Heendedup(as)headofthefirm.Exampleendup,最后成为（处于），后面可接名词（短语）、形容词、现在分词、过去分词或介词短语作状语。你要继续行窃终归得进监狱。Ifyoucontinuetostealyou’ll

endupinprison.一开始我们并不喜欢它，可最后我们却为之欢呼。Wedidn’tlikeitfirst,butweendedupcheering.Example如果他继续那样开车的话，最后会送命的。Ifhecarriesondrivinglikethat,he’ll

endupdead.ExerciseTheparty_______________________ofAuldLangSyne.聚会在“友谊地久天长”的歌声中结束。endedupwiththesingingIfyoudon’tworkhard,_____________________.如果你不努力，终将一事无成。you’llendupnowhere请完成下面的句子。Hejumpedintotherivertosavethechildbut________________________________.他跳进河里去救那个小孩，结果却被水草缠住了。endeduptrappedbythewaterweeds译

文

Butwhatifyougethitfromthesideandenduptrappedinsidethevehicle,unabletoescapebecauseofadamagedseatbeltmechanism?

(Line20)倘若你的车侧面被撞，结果你被困在车里，又因安全带装置遭破坏而无法挣脱，那怎么办呢？accidentally(Line26,Para.3)adv.happeningbychance,notbyplanorintention偶然地，意外地ShemetwithpopsingerTianZhenattheairportaccidentally.她在机场意外地遇见了著名歌手田震。Translation他在一个偶然的机会被那位著名导演看中，因此有机会在一部偶像剧中扮演关键角色。Hewasaccidentallychosenbythatfamousdirectortoplayakeyroleinanidoldrama.ExerciseHis_______________discouragedthewholeteam.他的意外失利挫伤了整个队伍的士气。accidentalfailure______________________offamouskungfuactorJetLi(LiLianjie)madealltheaudiencequiteexcited.著名功夫明星李连杰的意外出现

让所有的观众兴奋不已。Theaccidentalappearance请完成下面的句子。形容词形式：

accidental

adj.happeningbychance,notbyplanor

intention意外的,偶然的inflate(Line27,Para.3)v.1)tofillwithairorgastomakebigger

（使）充满气体，（使）膨胀Thekidwastryingtoinflateaballoonbutfailedatlast.那个孩子想给气球充气，但最后失败了。Translation给那件救生衣(lifejacket)充气需要特殊的技巧。Inflatingthatlifejacketneedsspecialskills.2)toraise(aprice)byinflation使……通货膨胀TranslationThegovernmentofthatsmallcountryalwaysinflates

thepapercurrency.那个小国的政府总是滥发纸币。名词形式：

严重的通货膨胀使那个国家的贫困家庭的生活雪上加霜。Serious

inflationworsenedthelivingconditionsofthepoorfamiliesofthatcountry.Governmentshouldtakemeasurestocontrolinflation.政府应采取措施控制通货膨胀。inflation(n.)

充气，膨胀；通货膨胀,(物价)暴涨Translationotherwise(Line28,Para.3)我们原打算去野餐(picnic)，可是天很热，我们就决定干别的了。Weweregoingtopicnic,butitwassohotthatwedecidedtodootherwise.

Translation她认为那位年轻的参赛者会输，我的看法却不是这样。Shesaidthatyoungcontestantwouldlose,butIthoughtotherwise.

adv.1)inadifferentway;differently

不同地2)apartfromthat;inotherways

（在）其他方面请完成下面的句子。ExerciseItwasabitlong,but________________________.那影片是长了一点儿，其它方面倒还不错。Hisnephewisnoisy,but__________________.他的外甥爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是一个好孩子。otherwiseaniceboyotherwiseitwasagoodfilmconj.3)ifnot（在不同情况下）否则Translation你最好现在就走，否则你就赶不上火车了。You’dbettergonow,otherwise

you’llmissyourtrain.

我又多写了一页，不然的话已经完成了。I'vegotonemorepagetowrite;otherwiseI'vealreadyfinished.

reduce…to…(Line33,Para.4)Translation贪婪让他变成了阶下囚。

Itisgreedthatreduced

himtoaprisoner.因为吸毒，他从一个百万富翁沦为乞丐。

Hewasreducedfromamillionairetoabeggarasaresultoftakingdrugs.

bringsomeoneorsomethingto(alowerorweakerstate,conditionorrole)使某人陷入某种（通常指更坏的）状态或状况中2)change(something)to(itsparts);presentaproblemorsubjectin(asimplifiedform)

将某事物概括或简化成某种形式请完成下面的句子。ExerciseTheearthquake________________________.地震将房屋变成了瓦砾(rubble)。Thepresident’sspeechcan___________________________.总统的演讲可以被归纳为三点。bereducedtothreereducedthemainpointshousetorubbleaccordingly(Line34,Para.4)请完成下面的句子。ExercisePleaseinformusofyourdecisionand_____________________.请告知我们你的决定，我们将会采取相应的行动。wewillactHisfriendsallconsideredhimtheirleaderand____________________.他的朋友把他视做领袖并且用对待领袖的方式对待他。treatedhimaccordinglyadv.1)inawaythatisappropriatetothesituation相应地accordingly2)asaresultofsomething因此，从而超级女生李宇春有男孩子的气质，因此，她能够得到无数的女歌迷的支持。SuperGirlLiYuchunlooksratherboyish.Accordingly,shecouldgetcountlessgirlfans’support.Translation有无数的读者对于武侠小说如痴如醉。因此，金庸先生才能够在当今中国文坛享有很高的地位。Thereareagreatnumberofreaderswhoarecrazyformartialartsnovels.Accordingly,Mr.JinYongcouldenjoyahighstatusintoday’sChineseliterature.

assess(Line50,Para.6)

请完成下面的句子。ExerciseThevalueofthatChenYifei’spainting______________________.那幅陈逸飞的油画被估价为50万美元。wasTheywillgotoBeijingto____________________________________.他们将前往北京邀请几位专家来为那些古玩(curio)估价。inviteseveralexpertstov.1)calculatewhatsomethingcostsorisworth估价，估计assessedat$500,000assessthosecurios2)carefullyconsiderasituation,person,orprobleminordertomakeajudgment

评价，评定现在评价那部新法规的效果还为时尚早。It’stooearlytoassesstheeffectsofthatnewlegislation.Translation在评价别人的时候，不要有任何的偏见。

Don’tassessotherswithanyprejudice.名词形式：assessmentn.1)

估计，估算2)评估，评价ratio(Line54,Para.6)n.arelationshipbetweentwothingsexpressedbytwonumbersoramounts比，比率，比例20比10相当于2比1。Theratioof20to10is2to1.Translation那所小学的师生比例是1比30。Theratioofstudentstoteachersinthatelementaryschoolis30:1.这一地区，男子人数以三比一超过女子人数。Menoutnumberwomenintheratioofthreetoone

inthisregion.versus(Line56,Para.7)prep.(Abbr.v.orvs.)inoppositiontooragainstespeciallyinagameofsports（尤指在体育比赛中）……

对……，以

……为对手；与……相比本赛季的NBA总决赛将会在休斯敦火箭队和底特律活塞队之间展开。It’sgoingtobeTheHustonRocketsversusTheDetroitPistonsinthisseason’sNBAFinals.

Translation有必要对减税带来的好处与民众

消费增长所带来的好处进行对比。It’snecessarytoweighupthebenefitsoftaxcutsversusthoseofincreasedpublicspending.

句子分析Inthecasejustdiscussed,wewouldfindtherelativesafetyofcartravelandcoalminingbydividingthenumbersofliveslostineachbythenumberofpeopleparticipatingineach.(Line57)这是一个简单句，主干结构为wewouldfindtherelativesafety，of引起的介词短语作定语修饰前面的名词relativesafety，bydividing…ineach是句子的方式状语，句首的Inthecasejustdiscussed为状语，意思是

“在刚刚讨论的情况中”。结尾中出现了两个each都指的是eachactivity，“每一项活动”。译

文以6除30，答案为5。Ifyoudivide30by6,theansweris5.三十除以六等于五。Thirtydividedbysixisfive.Exampledivide…by…用……去除……译

文在刚才讨论的例子中，我们可以用每一项活动中死亡的人数除以参与该活动的总人数，从而找出汽车旅行与采煤的相对安全性。Inthecasejustdiscussed,wewouldfindtherelativesafetyofcartravelandcoalminingbydividingthenumbersofliveslostineachbythenumberofpeopleparticipatingineach.(Line57)句子分析Onceweunderstandthat

riskcanneverbetotallyeliminatedfromanysituationandthat,therefore,nothingiscompletelysafe,we

willthenseethattheissueisnotoneofavoidingrisksaltogetherbutratheroneofmanagingrisksinasensibleway.(Line68)

本句是一个主从复合句，从句Onceweunderstand…safe中，谓语

understand后有两个由that引导的并列宾语从句，主句wewillthensee…way中,动词see也带了一个由that引导的宾语从句，从句的主要结构为theissueisnot…butrather…。译

文Sense感觉；道理Makesense讲道理，说得通Nonsense废话；胡说八道Sensible明智的Sensitive敏感的Sentimental多愁善感的Once(conj.):一旦一旦打开书本学习，就不接电话、不看电视、不读报纸了。Oncethebooksareopen,phonecallsgounanswered,TVunwatchedandnewspapersunread.对环境一旦造成破坏，就要花很多年的时间才能使整个系统恢复。Onceenvironmentaldamageisdone,ittakesmanyyearsforthesystemtorecover.Example译

文一旦我们懂得在任何情况下都不能完全排除危险，因而任何事情都不是绝对安全的，我们就会明白问题不在于彻底避免危险而在于如何理智地对付危险。Onceweunderstandthat

riskcanneverbetotallyeliminatedfromanysituationandthat,therefore,nothingiscompletelysafe,we

willthenseethattheissueisnotoneofavoidingrisksaltogetherbutratheroneofmanagingrisksinasensibleway.(Line68)

Modernlifeisfullofallmannerofthreats.Risksarealmostalwaysamatterofprobabilitiesratherthancertainty.Ouruncertaintiesmultiplyindefinitely.现代生活中充满了诸多威胁。危险几乎总是一个可能而非确定。我们的疑虑无休止的增加。ShouldIwearaseatbelt?我应该系安全带吗？Nothingwedoiscompletelysafe.Thepointistoactaccordingly.我们做的事没一件是百分之百安全的。关键在于见机行事。Inthecasejustdiscussed从刚才讨论的情况看Thelatterturnsouttobefourtimesriskierthantheformer.后者其实比前者危险四倍。2)Heweighedtherelevant/relativeadvantagesofbuyingahouseandofrentinganapartment.PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingVocabulary1.

Directions:

Workinpairstodecidewhichoftheitalicizedwordsfitsthesentencebest.Useyourdictionaryifnecessary.1)Shelistenstoyou,andIwishyou’dgivehersensible/sensitiveadvice._____________sensible:havingorshowinggoodsense;reasonablesensitive:easilyhurt,upsetoroffendedbythingsthatpeoplesayrelevant:directlyconnectedwiththesubjectorproblembeingdiscussedorconsideredsensitive:consideredinrelationorproportiontosomebody/somethingelse;comparatively3)Roytookthebackoffhisclockinordertoseethemachine/mechanismthatworkedthealarm.4)Thetoyrequires/requestsquiteabitofskilltooperateit._______________machine:机器mechanism:astructureorworkingpartsfunctioningtogethertoproduceaneffectrequire:needsomethingrequest:askforsomethingpolitelyorformallyPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-Reading5)Shewentthroughthetapescriptcarefully,toreduce/eliminatealltheerrors.6)Itwasreportedthat41peoplewerekilledinaplanecrash/collision.___________reduce:makesomethingsmallerinsize,number,degree,price,etc.eliminate:completelygetridofsomethingthatisunnecessaryorunwantedcrash:abreakingtopiecesespeciallybyorasifbycollisioncollision:anaccidentinwhichtwoormorepeopleorvehicleshiteachotherwhilemovingindifferentdirectionsPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingWeoftendiscoverthatthetrue__________ofmanyrisksisquitedifferentfromwhatwemighthaveimagined.Toooften,we_____________preparingourselvesfortheimpossibleriskwhilefailingtotakeprecautionsagainstmorelikelyones.Themedia,inparticular,haveahabitofselectingtwoorthreeriskseveryseasontopublicizewhileplayingdownothers.Newspapersoftenscreamaboutacancerriskassociatedwiththisorthat.2.Directions:

Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordorphrasefromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.characterriskysensibleinformrarelyallmannerofendupdefinitivelycasualcharacterendupPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-Reading_________,however,dowelearntherisklevel.Sucha______attitudetowardstherisklevelcertainlysellsnewspapers;becausevirtuallyeverythingis________,andthereare______________risksinourdailylife.Butordinarypeopleshould_________themselvesnotonlyaboutwhatisrisky,butalsoaboutwhattheleveloftheriskis,becauseignoringtherisklevelmakes__________riskmanagementimpossible.Indeedmygeneralruleisthis:Unlesssomeonecan__________tellyouwhatlevelofriskisassociatedwithaparticularactivity,doasyouwish.characterriskysensibleinformrarelyallmannerofendupdefinitivelycasualRarelycasualriskyallmannerofinformsensibledefinitivelyPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-Reading3.

Directions:

CompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseinbracketsintoEnglish._________________(基于)thosegrades,hewonthescholarshiptoSyracuseUniversity.2)Themarkethas_____________(各种各样)interestingthingsforsale.3)Faithdoesnot______________(由······滋润)thinairbutonfacts.4)Theteachertoldthegirlto_________anequation______(简化)itssimplestform.5)Keepondoingthatandyou’ll__________(最后以······结局)inserioustrouble.OnthestrengthofallmannersoffeedonreducetoendupPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-Reading6)Theenvironmentalproblemsareoften________________(和······有关系)nuclearwaste.7)Todaywearegoingto____________(把重点放在······)thequestionofhomelesspeople.8)Forassistance,they___________(向······求助)oneofthecity’smostinnovativemuseums.9)Everyoneintheclassisexpectedto____________actively_____(参加)thesediscussions.10)TheSouthernWeekendidentifiedatleasttwovillageofficialssaidtobe______________(卷入)thetrade.associatedwithfocusonturnedtoparticipateininvolvedinEndofIn-ClassReadingGotoAfter-ClassReadingPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingHealthRisksPassage1PartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIPre-ReadingQuestionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI1)Therearesomespecialtermsinthispassagesuchas“immediacy”and“YPLL”.Givedefinitiontothemafterreadingthepassageandexplaintherelationshipbetweenthem.Immediacyreferstothelikelytimelagbetweentakingariskandsufferingitsconsequences.YPLLrepresentsyearsofpotentiallifelost.YPLLisacommonlyusedmeasuretodealwith“immediacy”.PartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI3)WhatarethebiggestkillersinpresentAmerica?2)WhydidtheauthorsayAmericans’preoccupationwiththeirhealthis“slightlysurprising”?BecauseAmericans’preoccupationoccursintheperiodwhentheyarefarhealthierthantheyhaveeverbeen.

4)Accordingtothepassage,therearetwostandardstocomparehealthrisks.Whatarethey?Whichonewouldyouprefer?Heartdisease,cancer,strokes,andAIDS.ThetwostandardsarehowmanylivesariskclaimsandhowmanyYPLLsitinvolves.Ithinkwe’dbetterconsiderbothofthemcarefullybeforewetakearisk,thatistosay,weneedtoasknotonlyhowlargeariskisbutalsowhenitbecomespayable.OrganizationAnalysisPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIWhenweassesstheseriousnessofarisk,weneedtoconsidernotonlytherisklevelbutalsoitsimmediacy.PartOne

(Para.1-2)AlthoughAmericansarefarhealthierthantheyhaveeverbeen,healthremainsamajorconcern.PartTwo(Para.3-4)Healthrisksdiffergreatlyintheirimmediacy,andpeopletendtoignorelong-termrisksmorethanshort-termones.PartThree(Para.5-6)YPLL,awaytomeasureimmediacy,influencestosomeextentissuesinhealthcareeconomics.PartFour(Para.7)PartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIAIDSshortenedformforAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome“AIDS”是“首字母缩略词”

，即由各个词的第一个字母组成的词，例如：radar:radiodetectingandragingUFO:unidentifiedflyingobject此类词的读音有两种方法，一是按各个首字母发音，例如：VOA[‘vi:ou

‘ei]另一种按拼音方法读，如：OPEC[ou

‘pek]WordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIIDSbeconfrontedwith使（某人）面对（问题，任务，困难）(l.19)e.g.Shewasconfrontedwithseveremoneyproblems.她面对严峻的金钱问题。OnthefirstdayofatworkIwasconfrontedwiththetaskofchairingameeting.上班的第一天，我就面临要主持会议。[短语链接]confrontsb.withthe(clear)evidence/proof:

对证；以（确切）证据向某人对质e.g.Whenthepoliceconfrontedherwiththeevidence,sheadmittedeverything.当警察让她对证时，她承认了一切。WordsandExpressionsPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIThefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol.bring...undercontrolmakesth.workproperly控制住incontrol(of)

incommand,incharge

掌管/控制着

Heistherightpersonincontrolofthedepartment.inthecontrolof

controlledby

受······的控制或支配

Allthebeggarsareinthecontrolofthelocalgang.outofcontrol

inastateofnotbeingcontrolled

不受控制

Wemusttakeactionorthesituationwillbeoutofcontrol.MorephraseswithcontrolPartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIbearinmindremembertoconsider,keepremembering

记住1.Bearinmindthatyouhavetobehomeby11o’clock.2.Bearinmindtherulesofsafetywhenyouswim.Therearesixbasicthingstokeepinmindifyouwishtobeabletotalktoanyone,anytime,anywhere.Similarly:

keepinmindcf.

learn…byheartlearnbymemory

熟记，牢记

Theboylearnedmanypoemsbyheart.PartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageIKeySentencesPeoplearesurprisedtofindthatAmericanstodayfocusalltheirattentiononhealth,thoughtheyarenowmuchhealthierthaneverbefore.TranslationParaphrase1.Whatmakestoday’spreoccupationwithhealthslightlysurprisingisthatAmericansarefarhealthiernowthantheyhaveeverbeen.(l.3-4)

美国人现在对健康如此关注，是有点令人吃惊，因为他们目前比以往任何时候都要健康得多。PartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI2.Nonetheless,healthandthevariousthreatstoitremaineveryone’spermanentconcern.(l.8-9)

Translation然而，健康以及对健康的各种威胁，仍然是人们永久关注的问题。ParaphraseInspiteofthefactthatmanydeathlydiseaseshaveeitherbeengotridoforbroughtundercontrol,peoplearestilltroubledbyhealthproblemandvariousdiseases.CommentsNonetheless,similartonevertheless,however,means“inspiteofthat…,yet”.PartTwo:After-ClassReading>>PassageI3.Onemajorproblemwithanycomparisonofhealthrisks－especiallylife-threateningones－isthattheydifferenormouslyintheirimmediacy.(l.