2018年考研英语(二)真题试卷及答案（含解析）

2018年考研英语(二)真题试卷及答案（含解析）SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto

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uncertainty,accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill

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tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill

3

.

Inaseriesofexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents'willingnessto

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themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone

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,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould

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anelectricshockwhenclicked.

Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified

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leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewthatwould

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.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,

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thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.

Thedriveto

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isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor

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orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct-itcan

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newscientificadvances,forinstance—butsometimessuch

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canbackfire.Theinsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo

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thingsisaprofoundone.

Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto

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,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedto

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howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto

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toseesuchanimage.Theseresultssuggestthatimaginingthe

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offollowingthroughonone'scuriosityaheadoftimecanhelpdetermine

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itisworththeendeavor."Thinkingaboutlong-term

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iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,"Hseesays.Inotherwords,don'treadonlinecomments.1、

A.ignore

B.protect

C.discuss

D.resolve2、

A.refuse

B.seek

C.wait

D.regret3、

A.rise

B.last

C.hurt

D.mislead4、

A.alert

B.expose

C.tie

D.treat5、

A.trial

B.message

C.review

D.concept6、

A.remove

B.deliver

C.weaken

D.interrupt7、

A.Unless

B.If

C.When

D.Though8、

A.change

B.continue

C.disappear

D.happen9、

A.suchas

B.ratherthan

C.regardlessof

D.owingto10、

A.disagree

B.forgive

C.discover

D.forget11、

A.pay

B.food

C.marriage

D.schooling12、

A.beginwith

B.reston

C.leadto

D.learnfrom13、

A.inquiry

B.withdrawal

C.persistence

D.diligence14、

A.serf-deceptive

B.self-reliant

C.serf-evident

D.serf-destructive15、

A.trace

B.define

C.replace

D.resist16、

A.conceal

B.overlook

C.design

D.predict17、

A.choose

B.remember

C.promise

D.pretend18、

A.relief

B.outcome

C.plan

D.duty19、

A.how

B.why

C.where

D.whether20、

A.limitations

B.investments

C.consequences

D.strategies

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text1ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.

Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanicalmemorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterlyoverwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?

AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingisnecessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuckwithgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometrybyassemblingabicycle.

Buthe'salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.Schoolinthefamilyofvocationaleducation"havethatstereotype...thatit'sforkidswhocan'tmakeitacademically,"hesays.

Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica'sevolution.Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.ThejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.Moreeducationisthenewprinciple.Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.

Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor'sdegreesforall—andthesubtledevaluingofanythingless—missesanimportantpoint:That'snottheonlythingtheAmericaneconomyneeds.Yes,abachelor'sdegreeopensmoredoors.Butevennow,54percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillmanufacturing.Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.

Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonitspoliticalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericaisvanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.Thereisagapinworking-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren'tequippedtodothem.Koziatek'sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.

Koziatek'sschoolisawake-upcall.Wheneducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation'sdiversityofgifts.21、

Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents'lackof______.

A.academictraining

B.practicalability

C.pioneeringspirit

D.mechanicalmemorization22、

Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho______.

A.haveastereotypedmind

B.havenocareermotivation

C.arefinanciallydisadvantaged

D.arenotacademicallysuccessful23、

WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates______.

A.usedtohavemorejobopportunities

B.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns

C.areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges

D.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing24、

Theheadlongpushintobachelor'sdegreesforall______.

A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs

B.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

C.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

D.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce25、

Theauthor'sattitudetowardKoziatek'sschoolcanbedescribedas______.

A.tolerant

B.cautious

C.supportive

D.disappointed

Text2Whilefossilfuels—coal,oil,gas—stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld'senergysupply,it'sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchaswindandsolar.Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.

Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinessestofundcleanerenergysources.Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.Thecostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepasteightyears.

Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentofhomes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedintheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.

PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathtoeconomicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasanunreliableenergysource.ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate'selectricitygeneration—andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbytheavailabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.

Thequestion"whathappenswhenthewinddoesn'tbloworthesundoesn'tshine?"hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestoragecapacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclockmorelikely.

Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbigbetsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincomingyears.

Whilethere'salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup—perhapsjustintimetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.WhatWashingtondoes—ordoesn'tdo—topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeofaglobalshiftinthought.26、

Theword"plummeting"(line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto______.

A.stabilizing

B.changing

C.falling

D.rising27、

AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica______.

A.isprogressingnotably

B.isasextensiveasinEurope

C.facesmanychallenges

D.hasprovedtobeimpractical28、

ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,______.

A.windisawidelyusedenergysource

B.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels

C.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy

D.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply29、

WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraph5&6?

A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.

B.Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.

C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.

D.Itssustainableexploitationwillremaindifficult.30、

Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy______.

A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries

B.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange

C.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

D.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost

Text3Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing—AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn'thaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers'friendshipsandsociallives.

FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay'senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.

Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon'tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem—andFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.

Theproductthey'resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidstorthehoneydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofourinboxes.Itdoesn'tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship,evenifbothsidesbenefit.31、

AccordingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits______.

A.digitalproducts

B.userinformation

C.physicalassets

D.qualityservice32、

LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay______.

A.worsenpoliticaldisputes

B.messupcustomerrecords

C.posearisktoFacebookusers

D.misleadtheEuropeancommission33、

Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw______.

A.shouldservethenewmarketpowers

B.mayworsentheeconomicinbalance

C.shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution

D.cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket34、

CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause______.

A.theyarenotdefinedascustomers

B.theyarenotfinanciallyreliable

C.theservicesaregenerallydigital

D.theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers35、

Theantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate______.

A.awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants

B.atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiants

C.thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants'customers

D.therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers

Text4Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorofDeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedWorlds,recommendsbuildingahabitof"deepwork"—theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.

Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork—beitlengthyretreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga"journalistic"approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.

Newportalsorecommends"deepscheduling"tocombatconstantinterruptionsandgetmoredoneinlesstime."Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduledforroughlythenextmonth.Onceonthecalendar,IprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor'sappointmentorimportantmeeting,"hewrites.

Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritiseyourday—inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.TimHarford,authorofMessy:ThePowerofDisordertoTrans-formOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.

Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddailyplansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcanreapthebestresults.

Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembracedowntime,orasNewportsuggests,"belazy."

"Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletothebrainasVitaminDistothebody...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessaiytogettinganyworkdone,"heargues.

SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybeduetothewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.

"Whatpeopledon'trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain,"saysPillay.36、

Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto______.

A.keeptoyourfocustime

B.listyourimmediatetasks

C.makespecificdailyplans

D.seizeeveryminutetowork37、

Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat______.

A.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiency

B.dailyschedulesareindispensabletostudying

C.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoals

D.detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected38、

AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis______.

A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeople

B.amayorcontributortophysicalhealth

C.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy

D.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork39、

Pillaybelievesthatourbrains'shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused______.

A.canresultinpsychologicalwell-being

B.canbringaboutgreaterefficiency

C.isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork

D.isdrivenbytaskurgency40、

Thistextismainlyabout______.

A.waystorelievethetensionofbusylife

B.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime

C.thekeytoeliminatingdistractions

D.thecauseofthelackoffocustime

PartBDirections:

ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA～Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41～45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.A.Justsayit

B.Bepresent

C.Payauniquecompliment

D.Name,places,things

E.Findthe"metoo"s

F.Skipthesmalltalk

G.Askforanopinion

Fivewaystomakeconversationwithanyone

Conversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanewpersonalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthenthelink.

Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleatworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink.

Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveandstartaconversationwithstrangers.

41

Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon'tknowandsomethingwithinyousays"Iwanttotalkwiththisperson"—thisissomethingthatmostlyhappenswithallofus.Youwantedtosaysomething—thefirstword—butitjustwon'tcomeout,itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere.Iknowthefeelingandhereismyadvice:justgetitout.

Justthink:whatistheworstthatcouldhappen?Theywon'ttalkwithyou?Well,theyarenottalkingwithyounow!

Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustnow.Sokeepitsimple:"Hi","Hey"or"Hello"—dothebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsay"Hi".

42

It'saproblemallofusface:youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyouwanttotalkandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable.

Honestly,ifwegotstuckintherutof"hi","hello","howareyou?"and"what'sgoingon?youwillfailtogivetheinitialjolttotheconversationthatcanmakeitsomemorable.

Sodon'tbeafraidtoaskmorepersonalquestions.Trustme,you'llbesurprisedtoseehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.

43

Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,makeanefforttofindthethingswhichyouandthatpersonhaveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthatpoint.Whenyoustartconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards,you'llfindallofasuddenthattheconversationbecomesaloteasier.

44

Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandtheyarejustbusyontheirphone,andifyouaskfortheirattentionyougettheresponse"Icanmultitask".

Sowhensomeonetriestocommunicatewithyou,justbeinthatcommunicationwholeheartedly.Makeeyecontact,youcanfeeltheconversation.

45

Youallcameintoaconversationwhereyoufirstmettheperson,butaftersometimeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirname.Isn'tthatawkward!

So,rememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith;perhapstheplacestheyhavebeento,theplacetheywanttogo,thethingstheylike,thethingstheyhate—whateveryoutalkabout.

Whenyouremembersuchthingyoucanautomaticallybecomeaninvestorintheirwellbeing.Sotheyfeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepthatrelationshipgoing.

That'sit.Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversationwithalmostanyone.Everypersonisareallygoodbooktoread,ortohaveaconversationwith!

SectionⅢTranslationDirections:

ReadthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.46、

Afifthgradergetsahomeworkassignmenttoselecthisfuturecareerpathfromalistofoccupations.Heticks"astronaut"butquicklyadds"scientist"tothelistandselectsitaswell.Theboyisconvincedthatifhereadsenough,hecanexploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes.Andsohereads—everythingfromencyclopediastosciencefictionnovels.Hereadssopassionatelythathisparentshavetoinstitutea"noreadingpolicy"atthedinnertable.

ThatboywasBillGates,andhehasn'tstoppedreadingyet—notevenafterbecomingoneofthemostsuccessfulpeopleontheplanet.Nowadays,hisreadingmaterialhaschangedfromsciencefictionandreferencebooks:recently,herevealedthathereadsatleast50nonfictionbooksayear.Gateschoosesnonfictiontitlebecausetheyexplainhowtheworldworks."Eachbookopensupnewavenuesofknowledge,"Gatessays.

SectionⅣWriting

PartA47、

Directions:

SupposeyouhavetocancelyourtravelplanandwillnotbeabletovisitProfessorSmith.Writehimanemailto

(1)apologizeandexplainthesituation,and

(2)suggestafuturemeeting.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyourownname.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwriteyouraddress.

PartB48、

Directions:

Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyouressay,youshould

(1)interpretthechart,and

(2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

2017年某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素

答案:

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

1、D[解析]

空格处填入动词，与名词uncertainty“不确定的事，未知事物”构成搭配。由下一句可知该研究说明的是人有很强烈的求知欲(needtoknow)，因此对于“未知的事物”应该去了解、认识，故D项“解决，解答”正确。2、B[解析]

空格处填入动词，与to构成搭配，说明人类应怎样对待“满足好奇心”(satisfytheircuriosity)。由前半句可知，人类的求知欲很强(needtoknowissostrong)，第二段也有提到inanefforttosatisfycuriosity“努力满足好奇心”，seek填入文中“寻找方法满足好奇心”符合语义，故选B。3、C[解析]

空格位于evenwhen引导的让步状语从句中，句意为“即使结果明显会______，人们还是会满足好奇心”，由evenwhen“即使”来看，这个结果应该是负面的；而由首句willobviouslybepainful来看，为满足好奇，人是会做一些不愉快的事，C项hurt与painful是近义复现，故选C。4、B[解析]

空格处填入动词，构成...sb./oneselftosth.的结构，说明研究是要测试学生哪方面的意愿，且这样做的目的是满足好奇心(satisfycuriosity)。从下一段可知，在实验中学生要想知道哪些笔带电的话就得摁下笔受电击，这是对应第一段的“为了求知做一些不愉快的事(painful)”，B项填入文中指要满足好奇心，就会“遭受到”不愉快的刺激，符合上下文的逻辑。5、A[解析]

由空格所在句中的participant“参加者”，researcher“研究人员”及previousexperiment“之前的实验”可知，本句描述的是实验过程，是在描述段首提到的四个实验之一(Inaseriesoffourexperiments)。结合选项，trial指“试验”与此对应，故选A。6、B[解析]

空格处填入动词，与名词anelectricshock“电击”构成搭配。由下一段可知，有些笔是带电的(electrified)，摁下笔会发出电击(clicked...pensandincurred...shocks)，所以空格需要类似“产生电击、发出电击”的词义，B项deliver可与shock构成搭配，意为“给予、发送”，符合语义。7、C[解析]

空格处填入引导词，说明从句与主句之间的逻辑关系。空格后为过去分词结构leftalone，此处省略了主谓结构，实为studentswereleftalone“学生被单独留下”或“学生独自留在房间”，主句讲述的是参与实验的学生的具体行为，故此处需要的是表时间的逻辑词，表示“当学生独自留在房间时，他们会有怎么样的反应”，故选C。8、D[解析]

空格位于定语从句中，说明第一类学生的特点；空格所在处的主语that指代的是whichoneswouldshockthem，即“哪些笔是带电的”。本段首句提到，实验对象有两类学生，一类知道哪些笔是带电的，另一类只知道有些笔带电，但不知道具体是哪些笔。本句第一个who引导的定语从句指代了第二类学生，故空格所在处应指第一类学生，即知道哪些笔是带电的，故他们是知道“摁下笔被电”是会“发生”的，故选happen。9、A[解析]

空格填入介词短语，表明空格前后的逻辑关系。空格前的otherstimuli“其他刺激物”指类似“被电”这类不愉快的体验；而空格后的“指甲划过黑板的声音”和“令人作呕的昆虫照片”在逻辑上应属于这类不愉快体验的举例，故选suchas。10、C[解析]

空格处填入动词，Thedriveto...指“对……的需求”，全文讨论的是求知欲(needtoknow)和满足好奇心(satisfycuriosity)，故此处应复现全文关键词，discover填入指“对探索、发现的需求”，符合题意，故选C。11、B[解析]

空格处填入名词，与shelter“住处，栖身之地”并列，都应为人类最基本的需求(basicdrives)，结合选项，food“食物”是最基本的需求，故选B。12、C[解析]

空格处填入动词短语，作句子的谓语，说明主语it(指代curiosity“好奇心”)与宾语newscientificadvances“新的科技进步”的关系。空格句是对“好奇心是好的(goodinstinct)”的举例，都应说明“好奇心”的好处，leadto填入文中指“好奇心可以促使科学进步”，符合题意，故选C。13、A[解析]

空格所在分句与前一分句是并列关系，但语义相反，sometimes与前半句的often对应；backfire“产生事与愿违的结果”则与前面agoodinstinct相反，故such...应指代前面的curiosity。结合选项，inquiry“查明，探究”和“好奇心”对应，故选A。14、D[解析]

采用排除法。空格处填入形容词，说明好奇心会驱使我们做什么事。从语篇逻辑来看，本句应该是对上一句后半句的补充说明，即说明好奇心可能会产生事与愿违的结果(backfire)，故空格填入的词，应含有消极意义，据此可排除含褒义的B项“自主的”及中性词C项“明显的”。结合上下文多处提到painful，unpleasant等词可推断，满足好奇心可能会“伤害自己”，而不是“欺骗自己”，排除A项。故选D。15、D[解析]

本句语序可理解为to______unhealthycuriosityispossible，故空格填入的动词与“不健康的好奇心”构成动宾搭配。从下一句实验的情况来看，如果参与者事先预测的话，他们选择看令人不悦的图片的可能性就会降低(lesslikely...toseesuchanimage)，而看这些图片就是为了满足好奇心，故不看这些图片实际上就是忍住不去满足好奇心，D项“忍住、按捺住(拥有某东西或做某事的欲望)”正确。16、D[解析]

空格处填入动词，说明在被鼓励做什么的参与者选择看令人不悦的图片可能性更低；空格动词的宾语是由how引导的从句，该从句内容为“他们在看到令人不悦的照片会有什么样的感觉”，而由下文的imagining“想象”和thinkingabout“思考”可知，参与者应该只是对看后的感觉进行“想象，假想”，空格填入的词应与imagine或thinkabout近义，故D项正确。17、A[解析]

空格处填入动词，与后面的toseesuchanimage构成“动词+todosth.”结构，其中suchanimage指代anunpleasantpicture，此处应该是说实验对象最终是否看图片的结果，A项“选择”正确，填入文中意为“这些人选择看这些图片的可能性更低”，语义逻辑合理。18、B[解析]

空格中填入名词，作imagining“想象”的宾语，且其后由offollowingthroughonone'scuriosity修饰，本句意为“事先想象刨根究底满足好奇心的______有助于决定……”，本句是对实验的总结，填入的名词应该是对howtheywouldfeelafter...的概括，实际上是对“后果，结果”的猜想，故B项正确。19、D[解析]

空格填入引导词，作determine的宾语，从句中it指代followingthroughonone'scuriosity，意为“刨根究底满足好奇心值得一试”。从实验结果来看，做过想象的人选择这样做的可能性更低，所以此处应该指“是否应这样做”，故D项正确。20、C[解析]

空格填入的名词作Thinkingabout的宾语，说明降低好奇心可能产生的负面影响的关键是什么。本题可结合第16题和第18题，从imagining和thinkingabout的对应关系来看，consequences符合题意，故C项正确。SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Text1

21、B[解析]brokenbikechain的例子出现在第二段第三句。该句为反问句，实际上指出学生的现状，能说得出美国第13任总统是谁，但却不会处理坏了的自行车链，而这现状却是人们普遍认同的(acceptedwisdom)。第二段前两句提到StephenKoziatek所在学校是开创性的(pioneering，暗示其做法与普遍做法不同)，学生学到的是实用知识(practical)，故普遍的情况是，学生应该是缺乏这类实用知识，也正是brokenbikechain所对应的，故选B。22、D[解析]

题干问的prejudice出现在第四段首句。接着两句具体解释“偏见”是什么。前一句说的是动手类的工作(Workingwithyourhands)被认为是低人一等的(inferiority)；后一句则说有一种固定思维(stereotype)认为，职业教育是为那些在学术上不成功的孩子(forkidswhocan'tmakeitacademically)，其中的makeit意为“在某方向取得成功”，D项与原文can'tmakeitacademically同义，故选D。23、A[解析]

第五段第三句提到以往(once)美国经济可以给中学毕业生提供工作保障(jobsecurity)，而现在这种保障已基本消失了(haslargelyevaporated)。言下之意即是过去中学毕业生基本能