词汇学练习词根练习

词汇学练习词根练习英语词汇词根练习01练习1.将左面A组的词根与右面B组的词根意义相匹配Aarch()vis()tele()lun()habit()cardi()chron()dict()hydro()rupt()sub()trans()retro()per()fore()post()ultra()sur()super()inter()Ba.sayb.heartc.dwelld.rulee.waterf.farg.seeh.breaki.timej.moonk.throughl.backm.acrossn.undero.betweenp.beforeq.abover.afters.beyondt.over练习2.选择同词根的词填空postscript,describe,inscribe,prescribe,subscribeWordscannot______thebeautyofthesceneinmyhometown.She_____herownnameontherock.nearthebeach.Hefailedtonoticethe______atthebackofthedocument.Heforgetto______hisnametothecontract,sohehadtorushbacktothecompany..Thedoctor______totalabstinencefromalcoholicdrinks.avert,controversial,convert,invert,subvertThisarticleputforward______standonhumanrightswhichevokedlargescaleddiscussion.TheChairmanoftheorganizationinsistedthateconomicassistancemust______theexistingfeudalortribalorder.Thepolicetellustrafficaccidentscan______bycarefuldriving.Shemanagedto______himtoheropinionofbuyingthevillainsuburbs.Thelittleboycaughttheinsectby______hiscupoverit.dentaldentitionedentulousinterdentalindentThe_____oldladysanganancientbutbeautifulsongtotheguests.Jordanrushedtothe______clinicforoneofhisfront-teethwasbrokeninthebasketballmatch.Inthepicturethedistantmountains______thehorizon.Iwaswonderingwhythe______ofmanisdifferentfromthatofthedog.InChinesewedon'thave______soundlike[θ],soIfinditdifficulttopronouncesomeEnglishwordslike“thank“,“that”.perdurableenduranceindurationnondurableendurantMyGrandmaoftentoldmethatIshoulddogoodbutbe_________ofevil.Ifyouwanttobealong-distancerunner,firstofallyoumusthave_________.Mostofthevegetablesliketomatoesare_________.Thatanti-Japaneseherolefthisname_________onthesoilofChina.MyfriendLucywasgreatlyshockedbythe_________ofherboy-friend.练习3.写出下列同根词的中文意思1.act=toactactivate:activator:actualist:actualize:interacttransact2.alt=highaltar:altitude:altimeter:exalt:3.am=toloveamatoryamiableamicableamityamoristamorous4.anim=life生命animate:disanimate:inanimate:animosity:unanimous:5.ann(enn)=yearanniversary:annual:annuity:centennial:perennial:superannuate:6.astro(aster)=starastrobiology:asteroid:astrology:astronomy:astronaut:astrospace:7.aut-(auto-)=selfautobiography:autocrat:autograph:automobile:autoalarm：autoanalysis:8.bio(bi)=life生命biography:biology:biometry:biotechnology:biothythmbiotelemetry9.cardi=heartcardiac:cardinal:cardiogram:cardiologist:10.ced(ceed,cess)=goaccede:accessible:antecedent:exceed:processsuccessive11.cert=certainascertain:certify:certificate:disconcert12.chron=timechronic:chronicle:synchronize:synchronous:13.circ(cyc)=ringbicycle:circle:circulate:circus:cycle:cyclone:14.cord=heartcordial:concordant:discordance:15.cosm(o)=worldcosmopolitan:cosmos:microcosm:macrocosm:16.cred=believecredible:credit:creditor:credo:credulous:creed:dentist:denture:edentulous:trident:18.dict=saycontradiction:dictation:dictator:diction:indict:vindicate:19.ego=selfegoist:egocentric:egomania:20.equ=equalequality:equator:equivalent:equivocal:21.flu=flowaffluent:confluent:effluent:refluent:fluent:22.gam=marriagebigamy:monogamy:polygamous:23.geo=earthgeography:geometry:geology:24.gram=writetelegram:diagram:grammar:gramophone:25.habit=dwell,tohavecohabit:habitant:habitual:26.hydro=waterdehydrate:hydrant:hydrate:hydroelectric:hydrogen:hydrology:27.junct=connectadjoin:adjunct:conjunct:disjunct:juncture:28.later=sidebilateral:lateralcollateral:quadrilateral:29.leg,legis=lawallege:allegiance:legal:legislate:legitimate:privilege:30.lingu=languagebilingual:collingual:lingual:linguist:multilingual:31.liter=letterliteral:literary:illiteracy:preliterate:32.loc=placelocal:locality:locate:allocate:collocate:dislocate:33.log=speakdialogue:monologue:apology:apologist:34.mar=seamarine:mariculture:mariner:maritime:submarine:ulteramarine:maternal:maternalism:maternity:matriarchy:matricide:matrilineal:36.mini=smallminify:minification:minim:minimum:miniature:minority:37.nov=newnovelty:innovate:renovate:novitiate:38.nutri=nourishnutrient:nutriment:nutrition:nutritious:nutritive:innutrition:39.port=carryportable:deportation:export:import:porter:40.pur=purepurify:purification:purism:puritan:puritanic:purity:41.rupt=breakabruption:bankrupt:corrupt:disrupt:eruption:incorrupt:42.scend(s)=climbascend:ascendant:descend:descendant:condescend:transcend:43.sect=cutbisect:dissect:intersection:sectionalismsegment:44.son=soundconsonant:dissonance:resonant:sonic:sonorous:stereosonic:45.spir=breatheaspiration:aspirant:conspire:expire:expiry:inspire:46.struct=buildconstruct:destructible:destruction:instruct:instructor:instrumental:47.tele=fartelescope:teleclasst:teleadjustingteleconferencetelecontroltelekinesis48.tract=drawabstract:attract:contract:contractile:detract:distract:49.vert=turndivert:convert:anniversary:controversial:introvert:extrovert:50.viv=liveconvivial:survive:revive:vitality:vivacious:vivid:练习4根据括号词根提示用合适词填空1.Unkindnessoften_______ontheunkindperson.(act)2.WeweremarriedonMay20th1954,andeveryyearwehaveapartyonour_______.(ann)3.Thisisamatterof_______significance.(cardi)4.Manyanimalsdisplay______instinctsonlywhiletheiroffspringareyoungandhelpless.(matr)5.Theagentoftheprivateenterprisehasstartedto______falsestoriesabouttheunion.(circ)6.Don't_______AustriawithAustralia.(fus)7.Themassmovementfortechnical________isvigorouslyforgingaheadinthefactory.(nov)8.Thecrimeofthecorruptofficialsmustbe_______withoutanyreserve.(pos)9.HisreportsaboutthewaraffairsintheMiddle-Eastareahavebeen_________becauseitisrealizedthatthereporterusedfalseinformation.(cred)10.Allhisattemptstounlockthecarwere_______,becausehewasusingthewrongkey."(fus)11.The______toprotectthepowerfulfromthediscomfortofpublicdisclosurefeedsfurtherabuseandneglect(pel)12.Abalanceddietprovides_______foryourbody.(nutri)13.Thissalthasbeen_______foruseinmedicine.(pur)14.Thebusinessmanwassenttoprisonfortryingto_______ataxofficialwithmoney.(rupt)15.Today'sbicyclesare______oftheearliervelocipede.(scend)16.Theexaminationwassorigidthatnearlyall______wereruledout.(spir)17.Wetriedto_______herwhenhermotherdiedbutitwasverydifficult.(sol)18.Trafficwasorderedto_______toanotherroadbecauseoftherepairofthemainroad.(vert)19.Shegavethepolicea_______descriptionoftheaccident.(viv)20.Cromwell_______thegrowingpowerofFranceagainstthedecliningpowerofSpain.(port)21.Thefiresoon________theoldwoodenbuildingsintheneighborhood.(sume)22.Everydaytheywantedto_______theirchildrenineveryactivitytheydid.(volve)23.Fortunatelyanalysisisnottheonlywaytoresolveinner______.Lifeitselfstillremainsaveryeffectivetherapist.(flict)24.Halfacenturyagoit'sdifficultto______oftravelingtothemoon.(ceive)25.Theland,inacertain,veryrealway,______themindsofthepeople.(pel)26.EventhoughtheRedCrosshad______alargesumforthereliefofthesufferersofthedisaster,manypeopleperished.(loc)27.Itwasnamedin1788byaBritishseacaptainwhowassearchingforthefabledRiveroftheWestandwas______whenhedidnotdiscoverawiderivermouth.(point)28.Thegenerallyacceptedprincipleintheconferenceisthattheminorityis______tothemajority.(ordin)29.It'seasyto______peoplewhenyouspeakdifferentlanguages.(fus)30.Doyoubelievethatthere'sa______betweensmokingandheartdisease?(nect)附录：常用词根词缀总结ROOTaer(o)=air空气aerial空气的/aeroplane飞机alt=high高altitude高度anim=life生命animal动物/animate使…生机勃勃/unanimous一致的annu(enni)=year年anniversary周年纪念/annual年度的arch(y)=rule统治anarchy无政府状态/monarchy君主政体astro(aster)=star星astrology占星术/astronomy天文学audi(audit)=hear听audience听众/audit旁听、审计aut-(auto-)=self自我autocrat专制者/autograph亲笔/automobile汽车bio(bi)=life生命biology生物学/biotic生命的、生物的cardi=heart心cardiac心脏的/cardinal衷心的ced(ceed,cess)=go行走precede领先/exceed超过/process过程cert=certain确定的certify证实/certificate证明书chrom=colour颜色monochrome单色的/photochrome彩色照片circ=ring环形circus马戏场/circle圆圈/circulate流通、流传cosm(o)=world世界cosmos宇宙/microcosm微观世界/macrocosm宏观世界cred=believe相信credible可信的/credulous轻信的/credit信任cycl(o)=circle圆cycle圆/bicycle自行车/cyclone旋风dent=tooth牙齿dentist牙医/trident三叉戟dict=say说dictation口述、听写/dictator独裁者/predict预言duct=lead领导educate教育/introduce介绍/conductor（公交）售票员ego=I我egoist自我主义/egocentric自我中心的equ=equal相等的equality平等/equivalent相等的/equator赤道flu=flow流动fluent流利的、流畅的/influence影响/fluid液体（的）fus=pour灌注refuse回绝、拒绝/confuse使…糊涂、使混乱/profuse充沛的gam=marriage婚姻monogamy一夫一妻制/polygamy多配偶制geo=earth地geography地理/geometry几何/geology地质学gram=write,sthwritten写、画；文字、图形grammar语法/diagram图表/telegram电报graph=write;sthwritten;instrumentformakingrecords写，画；文字图形；用于文字图形的仪器photograph照片/telegraph电报机/graphics制图法habit=dwell居住habitant居住者/inhabit居住于hal=breathe呼吸inhale吸/exhale呼hydro=water水hydroelectric水电的/hydrology水文学ject=throw投掷project投掷；计划/inject注射/reject拒绝junct=connect连接junction结合（点）/conjunction连接词/adjunct附属的later=side边unilateral单方面的/bilateral双边的/lateral侧面的leg,legis=law法legal法律的/legislate立法lingu=language语言linguistic语言学/bilingual两种语言的/multilingual多语言的liter=letter文字literate识字的/literature文学/literal字面的loc=place地方local地方的/locate放置/dislocate脱位log=speak说dialogue对话/apology道歉/logic逻辑lun=moon月亮lunar月亮的/superlunary天上的/translunar/月球以外的mar=sea海marine海上的/submarine潜水艇/mariculture海水养殖metr=measuring测量geometry地理/barometer气压计/diameter直径mini=small小minify使缩小/minimum最小量/miniature微型物nov=new新的novel新奇的；小说/innovate创新/renovate革新nutri=nourish营养nutrition营养/malnutrition营养不良pel=push推propel推动/expel驱逐/repel反击port=carry运portable可携带的/import进口/porter搬运工pos=put放expose使暴露/compose编，创作/oppose反抗pur=pure纯净的purify净化/purity纯净/impurity不净rect=right正、直correct正确/rectify纠正/erect竖立rupt=break破interrupt打断/disrupt瓦解/erupt喷发scend(s)=climb攀爬ascend上升/descend下降/transcend超越scrib(pt)=write写describe描写/scripture手稿/subscribe订阅sect=cut切割insect昆虫/bisect二等分/dissect解剖sent(sens)=feel感觉sentiment感情/consent同意/sensation感觉sol=alone单独solo独唱/solitary单独的/desolate荒凉的son=sound声音sonic声音的/resonant回声的/stereosonic立体声的spir=breathe呼吸conspire同谋/inspire鼓舞/expire终止struct=build建造structure结构/construct建造/destruction破坏tele=far远telescope望远镜/telegram电报/television电视thermo=heat热thermos热水瓶/thermochemistry热化学tract=draw拉tractor拖拉机/attract吸引/contract合同vert=turn转subvert颠覆/divert转向/reverse翻转vis,vid=see看visible可见的/visit参观/advise建议/evident明显的viv=live活survive比…活得长/revive复活/vivid生动的前缀分为：加强意义；否定和肯定意义；数量意义等几类。1.具有加强的常用前缀有(包括改变词性的使成性前缀)：这一类前缀中有的仅仅加强词根的意义，如attract；有的使成性前缀则改变词根的词性，如assure则由原来的形容词sure加强转化而来。(变体有：ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap,ar-,at-，都是在原来的词根前面添加字母a或者再加上词根原来的首字母)，例如aloud大声地\account叙述\affirm申明\aggrieve使苦恼\announce宣布\appraise赞扬\arrange安排\assure使安心\attract吸引be-例如：befall降临\bethink思考co-(变体有com-\con-\cor-)，例如：commemorate纪念\condense压缩de-例如：delimit界定\design设计e-(变体有ef-\em-\en-\ex-)evaluate评价\embody体现\enchain用锁链锁住(变体有il-\im-\in-)，例如：illuminate照亮\illustrate阐明\impulse冲动\inflame着火2.具有否定意义（表示对词根反向的概念，另外包括外向概念、下概念、过度或不足概念等）的前缀有：（变体有ab-\an-）例如：asocial不好社交的\asexual无性别的\abuse滥用\abnormal不正常的\anarchism无政府主义anti-antiwar反战的\antitank反坦克的contra-contra-missile反导弹的\contradict矛盾的counter-counterrevolution反革命\counterattack反击de-demobilize复员\deforest砍伐森林\derail火车出轨\devalue贬值dif-diffuse散布dis-dislike厌恶\dishonest不诚实的\disability无能\disorganize解散\discolor使褪色\distract分散（注意力等）hyper-hypersensitive过度敏感的\hypersonic特超音速的il-(im-\in-\ir-)illegal非法的\immoral不道德的\irregular非经常的mal-maltreat虐待\malnutrition营养不良\malfunction功能失调mis-mistake错误\mistrust不信任non-nonsmoker不抽烟的人\nonproductive非生产性的\nonmetal非金属\nonout-outnumber在数量上超过\outflow流出\outlaw夺去法律上的权利over-overuse使用过度\overlook俯视；忽视\overthrow推翻re-reclaim收回\reverse反转的retro-retrogress倒退sub-subway地铁\subsonic亚音速的\subhead副标题super-(supra-)superpower超级大国\supersensitive过度敏感\supranational超国家的sur-surface表面\surplus多余的un-unreal虚假的\unconditional无条件的\unjust不公正的\unchanged未改变的\unlock开锁vice-vice-president副总统/vice-chairman副主席3.具有时间意义的前缀有：ante-=before:antecedent前事pre-post-4.具有地点、方向意义（包括上下、前后、来回、内外）的前缀有：ab-=awayfromabnormalcircum-=aroundcircumstance\circumscribecom-=with,togethercommitteede-=downfromdeceitdis-=awaydischargee-(ef-\ex-\exo-）=outevade流逸\export出口\exclude排除\ex-soldier退伍军人\ex-husband前夫\exobiology外太空生物学extra-=outsideextracurricular课外的\extraordinary格外的fore-=beforeforehead前额\foreground前景in-(im-\em-\en-)=inembed嵌入\embody体现\enroll入籍\import进口\immigrate移民\indoor室内\intake吸纳inter-=betweeninterfere干涉\interlude插曲intra-=insideintramural在城市或者建筑内的\intranet内部网络（区别Internet互联网）out-=outoutdoor户外\outflow流出para(pari-)-=around,nearparasite寄生虫\pericardial心脏周围的per-=throughperceivepost-=afterpostwar战后\posterity后代pre-=beforeprewar战前\prehistory史前pro-=forwardprotrude伸出\progress前进re-=backrecall回忆\retell复述retro-=backretrogress退步\retrograde倒退sub-=undersubway地铁\submarine海面以下的super-=abovesuperstructure上层建筑\superficial表面的sur-=oversurface表面\surmount攀登上山trans-=acrosstransatlantic横越大西洋的\transport运输under-=underunderground地下的\underwear内衣ultra-=beyondultraviolet紫外线5.具有数量意义的有：holo-holography全息照片mono-monoxide一氧化物\monotone单调pan-Pan-American泛美的omni-omnipresent无所不在的\omnipotent全能的uni-unicycleamphi-amphibian两栖动物bi-bilingual双语的di-dialogue\dioxide\twi-twotwilight黎明；黄昏demi-demigodhemi-hemispherequasi-halfquasi-official半官方的para-halfparamilitary准军事性的semi-halfsemicircle半圆tri-threetriangle三角形tetra-fourquadri-fourquadrangle四角形penta-fivepentagon五角形hexa-sixhexagon六角形sex-sixhepta-=sevenheptagon七角形sept-=sevenSeptember(古罗马七月)九月octa-=eightoctagon八角形deca-=tendecagon十角形deci-=onetenthdecimeterhecto-=hundredkilo-=thousandkilogram\kilowattmilli-=milligrammacro-=macrocosmmicro-=microcosmmini-=littleminibus\miniskirtmulti-=multiparty多党的poly-=manypolysyllable多音节词co-（变体有col-\com-\con-\cor-）cooperation\collaboration\compassion\contemporary\correspondre-=againrewrite\rebuild后缀1.最常见的形容词后缀有：1.-ble:包括：-able:readable\lovable\knowable\inflammable-ible:sensible\resistible\conductible名词一般是-ability\-ibility：inflammability\sensibility2.-al包括：-al:personal\national名词一般是-ality：personality\nationality-ial:presidential\dictatorial-ical:typical\symbolical\biological(一般由结尾为-y的名词派生而来)3.-an包括：-anrepublican\American-ean:European-ian:Egyptian\Canadian(名词和形容词同形)4.-ar包括：-ar:similar\solar-ular:globular5.-ed:colored\gifted\retired6.-ern:eastern\western7.-ese:Chinese\Japanese（名词和形容词同形）8.-fold:表示倍数twofold\manyfold9.-ful:useful\skillful10.-ic包括：-ic: