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Present
Perfect
Tense
(现在完成时)1一、现在完成时的概念和构成2I
have
cleaned
all
the
rooms.Now,
the
rooms
areclean.3I
have
eaten
up
all
the
food.Now,
there’s no
food.4I
have
finishedmy
work.我把工作做完了。She
has
readall
thesebooks.她把这些书都读完了。我已经没
有其他工
作要做了。她已经知道这些书的全部内容。5现在完成时用法表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。They
have
built
many
buildings
in
thiscity.用法6I
have
already
lost
the
key.表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。He
has
lived
in
Shanghai
for
fiveyears.肯定句主+have/has+done+其他.否定句主+haven’t/hasn’t+done+其他.一般疑问句Have/Has+主+done+其他?肯定答语Yes,主+have/has.否定答语No,主+haven’t/hasn’t.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+have/has+主+done+其他?7现在完成时结构Practice8Mary
has
already
read
Little
Women.(划线部分改特殊疑问句)Ihavedecidedtoread
TreasureIsland.(改一般疑问句)Tom’s
brother
has
finished
reading
Harry
Potter.(改否定句)David
hasn’t
read
Alice
in
Wonderland
yet.(改肯定句)Who
has
read
Little
Women
yet?9Have
you
decidedto
read
Treasure
Island?Tom’s
brother
hasn’t
finished
reading
Harry
Potter.David
has
already
read
Alice
in
Wonderland.1.
Alice
has
alreadyknown(know)
that
it
is
only
a
dream.Robinson
Crusoe
has
already
built
(build)
ahouse.Jim
has
already
found
(find)
anisland
fullof treasures.The
sisters
have
already
sent
(send)
breakfast
to
a poor
family.Tom
has
seen
(see)acaseof
murder(凶杀案).10A:
Would
you
like
something
todrink?B:
No,
thanks.
I’ve
just
drunk
some
tea
.(just/drink
some
tea)A:
I
heard
you
lost
your
key.Have
youfound
ityet
?(find)B:
No,
not
yet.A:
Do
you
know
when
Tom
isleaving?
B:
He
has
already
left.
(already/leave)P60
4a/4b114.
A:Is
yoursister
goingto
themovies
withustonight?A:When
did
he
leave
?
(leave)B:
This
morning.She
has
already
seen
the
filmB:No.
.(already/see
thefilm)5.A:hWavheant
odtotoylodurthpeamreynetts
thinkabout
our
plan?B:I
.
(not/tellthem/yet)12Sally
loves
(love)reading.Inthemorning,shereads
the
newspaper
and
in
the
evening
she
readsbooks.
She
has
already
read
(read)morethan100
different
books!
Her
favorite
kind
of
books
isscience
fiction.
She
is
interested
in
science
andtechnologyand
loves
to
imagine确认时间标志,用对时态结构!13read
them!14what
theworld
willbe
(be)like
in50years.She
finished
(finish)readingabookaboutrobotslastweekand
will
write
(write)
a
book
reportabout
it
next
week
for
her
French
class.
Every
timeshe
is
in
thelibrary,
Sally
looksat
the
manybooksshe
has
not
read
(not
read)
yet
andshe
can’t
waitto确认时间标志,用对时态结构!二、现在完成时时间状语15时间标志词:16justalreadyso
farlatelybeforeeveryetrecentlyneverstilloncesincein
the
past/lastfor+一段时间already一般用于肯定句。常放在have/has和done之间yet一般用于否定句或疑问句。常放在句尾。否定句:"还(没)"疑问句:"现在,已经"。not
yet常用在答语中,“尚未;还没有”。171.already
和yet在现在完成时中的用法2.ever
和never在现在完成时中的用法--
Have
you
ever
visited
the
Bird'sNest?--
No,
I
have
never
visited
it.ever“曾经”,一般用于疑问句和肯定句never“从来没有”,一般用于否定句你曾经去过新加坡吗?Have
you
ever
been
to
Singapore?我从来没有听过她唱歌。I
have
never
heard
her
sing
a
song.183.for
和since在现在完成时中的用法for+时间段since+(过去)时间点
since+从句(过去时态)for
two
yearssince
2008含有for或since引导的时间状语(从句)表示的一段时间的现在完成时肯定句的谓语只能用延续性动词。
I
have
learned
English
since
10
yearsago.She
has
lived
here
for
20
years.193.for
和since在现在完成时中的用法3.for
或since
引导的时间状语(从句)能与非延续性动词的否定式连用。Mr.
Smith
hasn't
come
to
China
for
three
years.I
have
never
bought
junk
food
since
last
year.4.对现在完成时的时间状语提问通常用howlong.How
long
have
you
lived
in
Beijing?204.have
been
to,have
gone
to,have
been
in的区别1.
My
uncle
has
been
to
Beijing
four
times.2.
Mr.
Yanghas
gone
to
Wuhan.
He
will
be
back
nextweek.3.
Betty
has
been
inLondon
for
two
days.去过去了待了多长时间have/has
been
to曾经去过某地,可接次数,如once,twice,three
times等,表示“去过几次”,也可以和just,never,ever等连用。have/has
gone
to去了(还没回来)have/has
been
in后接时间段,表示“在某地待了多长时间”21用have
gone
to,have
been
to,
have
been
in填空Bill
is
on
holiday
at
the
moment.
Heh_a_s_g_o_n_e__to___
Spain.“Where's
Lily?”
“She's
not
here.
I
think
she_h_as__g_o_n_e_t_othe
bank.”Hello,
Susan.
Where
_h_a_v_e_
you
_b_e_e_n?_H_a_v_e_
you
__b_e_en__to__
the
bank?Tim
is
in
hospital.
He
_h__as__b_e_e_n_i_n_
hospital
forfive
days.22三、延续性动词与非延续性动词23延续性动词:动作可以一直延续下去,可以和一段时间连用。非延续性动词:也叫瞬间动词或终止性动词,表示动作一经发生立即结束,不可以和一段时间连用。判断一个动词是否为非延续性动词,一般可将该动词在句型“I
am+动词的现在分词+from
8:00
to
12:00”中,看该句是否符合逻辑,若符合逻辑,则为延续性动词。I'm
finishing
reading
the
book
from
8:00
to
12:00.finish为非延续性动词24短暂性动词及对应的延续性动词25havekeepwearhave
a
cold第一类:用相应的延续性动词非延续性性动词对应的延续性动词buyborrowput
oncatch/get
a
coldcome/go/becomebe短暂性动词及对应的延续性动词26be
a
member
of
theclubbe
a
soldier第二类:转换成be+名词非延续性性动词对应的延续性动词join
the
clubjoin
the
armygo
toschoolbe
a
student短暂性动词及对应的延续性动词27be
in
school第三类:转换成be+介词短语非延续性性动词对应的延续性动词go
toschoolgo
tohospitalbe
in
hospital非延续性动词及对应的延续性动词28be
deadbe
closed
/
be
openbeasleepbe
away
frombe
overbe
on第四类:转换成be+形/副词非延续性动词对应的延续性动词dieclose
/openfall
asleepleavefinishbegin/startmarrybemarried将下列句子时态改为现在完成时1.
I
bought
the
book
two
days
ago.2.
He
borrowed
the
book
three
months
ago.3.
I
knew
Jane
two
years
ago.4.
He
left
his
hometown
five
years
ago.5.
The
movie
began
10
minutes
ago.I
have
had/owned
the
book
for
two
days.He
has
kept
the
book
since
three
months
ago.I
have
known
Jane
for
two
years.He
has
been
away
from
his
hometown
for
5
years.The
movie
has
been
on
for
10
minutes.29翻译下列句子301.
你来深圳多长时间了?10年了。2.
他已经生病两天了。3.
他2018年开始在这里工作。他从那时起一直在这里工作。How
long
have
you
been
in
Shenzhen?For
10
years.
(I
have
been
in
SZ
for
10years.)He
has
been
ill
for
two
days.He
began
to
work
here
in
2018.He
has
worked
here
since
then.4.
他们一小时前到达北京。他们已经到北京一个小时了。315.
他上个月借了我的自行车。他借了我的自行车一个月6.
我的猫三年前死了。他已经死了三年了。My
cat
died
three
years
ago.My
cat
has
been
dead
since
three
years
ago.He
borrowed
my
bike
last
month.He
has
kept
my
bike
for
a
month
.They
reached
Beijing
an
hourago.They
have
been
in
Beijing
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