M7U1-Grammar-and-usage牛津高中英语模块七第一单元语法

英语教学课件(N)选修7GrammarandusageUnit1TolearnthedifferencesbetweentransitiveverbsandintransitiveverbsTolearntheusagesoftransitiveverbsandintransitiveverbsindifferentsituationsObjectivesHaveALkLookatthefollowingsentences.1.WhenPollylefthomeatmorning,thecitywasalreadycoveredinagreymist.(Unit1,Book3)2.Thensheheardthesoundagain—softfootstepsbehindher.(Unit1,Book3)3.DoyouknowwhentheancientOlympicGamesbegan?(Unit2,Book4)4.Thisencouragedhimtobecomemoreconfidentaroundothers.(Unit3,Book4)5.I’msittingonaninvisiblebench,ofcourse.(Unit1,Book6)6.Peoplelightlargefiresoutside,andeveryonegathersaroundandhasaparty.(Unit3,Book6)ObservethesentencesfromP2-3:AnAmerican,PhiloFarnsworth,madeimportantbreakthroughsinthedevelopmentofTVinthelate1920sandearly1930s.Itwasnotuntiltheearly1950sthatmosttaperecordersbeganusingplastictapeastheydotoday.Whocanforeseewhatthefuturewillbring?4.Thiswillsoonmakerecords,cassetterecorders,CDs,DVDsandevenTVsthingsofthepast.5.TheyalsomakeTVaccessibletopeoplewholivefarawayfromcities.6.ThefirstpublicTVbroadcastswere

madeintheUSAin1925.7.Regularpublicbroadcastingfollowed

shortlyafterwards.8.ManydifferentpeoplecontributedtothedevelopmentofTV.GuessingGametotestyoursenseofobservationtotestyourabilityofshort-termmemorytotestyourabilitytohighlightthelanguagepointsGuessPointoutthewordsinredaretransitiveorintransitive.1.WhenPollylefthomeatmorning,thecitywasalreadycoveredinagreymist.2.Thensheheardthesoundagain—softfootstepsbehindher.

3.DoyouknowwhentheancientOlympicGamesbegan?transitivetransitivetransitivetransitiveintransitiveReady?Go!4.Thisencouragedhimtobecomemoreconfidentaroundothers.

5.I’msittingonaninvisiblebench,ofcourse.6.Peoplelightlargefiresoutside,andeveryonegathersaroundandhasaparty.transitiveintransitiveintransitivetransitive1.AnAmerican,PhiloFarnsworth,made

importantbreakthroughsinthedevelopmentofTVinthelate1920sandearly1930s.2.Itwasnotuntiltheearly1950sthatmosttaperecordersbegan

usingplastictapeastheydotoday.3.Whocanforesee

whatthefuturewillbring?transitivetransitivetransitiveThesentencesfromP2-3:4.Thiswillsoonmake

records,cassetterecorders,CDs,DVDsandevenTVs

thingsofthepast.5.TheyalsomakeTV

accessibletopeoplewholivefarawayfromcities.6.ThefirstpublicTVbroadcastsweremadeintheUSAin1925.7.Regularpublicbroadcastingfollowedshortlyafterwards.8.ManydifferentpeoplecontributedtothedevelopmentofTV.transitivetransitivetransitiveintransitiveintransitive判断以下标红的动词是否及物。Bobshutthedoorbehindhimselfonhiswayout.2.MybrothersentmealetterlastTuesday.3.Thenoiseoutsideinthestreetmadeitdifficultformetofalltosleep.4.MyfamilywentonatriptoLondonduringtheholiday.5.Youtalkedtoomuchatthedinnerparty.6.Awhite-hairedmansatonalowbench,makingshoes.transitivetransitivetransitiveintransitiveintransitiveintransitiveDoyouknowwhat‘vt.’and‘vi.’referto?‘vt’referstoatransitiveverb,and‘vi’referstoanintransitiveverb.英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成及物动词与不及物动词。及物动词(vt.)后必须跟有动作的对象〔即宾语〕，并且可直接跟宾语。不及物动词(vi.)后面不可直接接宾语，一般要加介词后再接宾语。及物动词可以带直接宾语、间接宾语或宾语补足语。可以用于：“主语+谓语+宾语”、“主语+谓语+双宾语”和“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中。例如：HereachedParisthedaybeforeyesterday.Pleasehandmethebookoverthere.Conclusionabouttransitiveverbs:Helikestogofishingwiththewholefamilyatweekends.Itwasnotuntiltheearly1950sthatmosttaperecordersbeganusingplastictapeastheydotoday.Itisdifficultformetobelievethathecanachievesuchgreatsuccessinsuchashorttime.(1)及物动词的宾语可以是名词、代词、不定式、动名词或者宾语从句。want,hope,wish,like,begin,start,agree,learn,mean,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,pretend,continue,ask,promise,expect,choose,preferThefollowingwordsareusuallyfollowedby‘todosth.’astheobject:admit,dislike,imagine,delay,consider,mind,suggest,avoid,enjoy,practise,finish,miss,keep,understand…Weuseaverb-ingformaftertheseverbs:Someverbscanbefollowedbyaverb-ingformor‘todosth.’,butwithsomedifferencesinmeaningsorusage.regrettodo:抱歉要做某事 regretdoing:懊悔做了某事eg.Iregrettotellyouthatyouarefired.我抱歉地告诉你你被解雇了。Iregrettellinghimthetruth.我懊悔告诉他真相。

forgettodo:忘记去做某事 forgetdoing:忘记做了某事eg.Heforgottoclosethedoorwhenheleft.他离开时忘了关门了。Iwillneverforgetwinningmyfirstgoldmedal.我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌的情况。remembertodo:记得要做某事rememberdoing:记得曾经做过的事eg.Remembertoposttheletterformeonyourwaytowork,OK?在你上班的路上记得帮我把信寄了，好吗？Irememberseeingthismansomewhere.我记得在哪儿见过这个人。meantodo:打算做某事 meandoing:意味着做某事eg.Imeantocomeearliertoday.我今天打算早点来。Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.错过这列火车意味着又要等一个小时。trytodo:努力做某事 trydoing:尝试做某事eg.Shetriedtofinishtheworkasquicklyasshecould.她努力地要尽快完成这项工作。Itrieddoingtheexerciseinadifferentway.我尝试用另一种方法解题。stoptodo:停下来做某事 stopdoing:停止做某事eg.Theworkersstoppedtohavearest.工人们停下来休息。Theworkersstoppedworkingandtookarest.工人们停止了手中的活，休息一下。(2)双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。一般情况下，直接宾语_______，间接宾语_______。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向〔对谁做〕或动作的目标〔为谁做〕。Pleaseshowmetheletter.(me=indirectobject;theletter=directobject)Canyoubuymeameal?IODO指物指人(3)动词的宾语补足语也可以是一个名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或是非谓语动词构成，用来对宾语进行补充说明。Shewantedmetogivehersomemoney.(O是代词；C是不定式)Ifoundtheoldmanlyingdeadontheroad.(O是名词；C是现在分词)Wesawtheroadcoveredwithsnow.(O是名词；C是过去分词)宾语与宾语补足语的逻辑关系：从这几个句子中的动词不定式和分词作宾语补足语来看，在逻辑上它们与其前的宾语具有主谓关系，其中现在分词表示动作的进行状态；过去分词表示动作的被动或完成状态；不定式那么含有将来的行为。Theyfoundthelittleboyinteresting.(O是名词；C是形容词)TheynamedthebabyJack.(O是名词；C是名词)Shealwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.(O是代词；C是介词短语)Hefoundhisteacheroutwhenhecalledonhim.(O是名词；C是副词)宾语与宾语补足语的逻辑关系：从以上几个句子中的名词、形容词、副词和介词短语作宾语补足语来看，在逻辑上它们与其前面的宾语形成了主表关系，用来表示宾语的身份、特征、状态等。(4)大多数的及物动词都可以用于______语态。在一个句子中，如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，那么用该语态。例如：孩子们热烈地欢送外宾。主动：Thechildrengavetheforeignguestsawarmwelcome.被动：Theforeignguestsweregivenawarmwelcomebythechildren.被动主动：Theyhavewarnedustobecarefulofrats.被动：Wehavebeenwarnedtobecarefulofratsbythem.他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。

主动：Peoplehavepiledplasticbagsfullofrubbishinstreets.被动:Plasticbagsfullofrubbishhavebeenpiledinstreets.人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。

Conclusionaboutintransitiveverbs:不及物动词没有宾语，也不能用于被动语态。但是不及物动词后面通常可接____词或者________。Regularpublicbroadcastingfollowedshortlyafterwards.Technologyisnowchangingfasterthanmostpeoplecankeeppacewith.MDstandsforMiniDisc.TheshipsetsailandheadedforShanghai.副介词短语英语中很多动词既可以做及物动词，又可以做不及物动词。我们需要视具体情况来判断。例如：Heisdrawinginthegarden.Heisdrawingapictureinthegarden.2.Helenraneveryweekendwhenshewasatcollege.Tom’sfatherrunsabigcompanyinhishometown.Choosethecorrectwordsorphrasestocompletethesentences.(P9B)

answer/answerfora.Hearingthebell,Janegotupfromherchairandwentto_________thedoor.b.Ifyoucontinuetobehavelikethis,you’llhaveto_____________yourbehavior.2.benefit/benefitfroma.Theprojecthas_________thecountryinmanyaspects.b.Itisexpectedthatbothcountrieswill____________thisagreement.answeranswerforbenefitedbenefitfrom3.decide/decideagainstHaveyou_______whattodoaftergraduation?Tooursurprise,they_____________theplanyesterdaywithoutanyexplanation.4.pay/payforHethankedtherepairmanand_____himtwentydollars.To___________theticketfortheconcert,mysisterdecidedtotakeapart-timejob.decideddecidedagainstpaidpayfor5.adjust/adjusttoI’mafraidwehaveto__________thedevelopmentofcomputertechnology.b.Themonitorneedstobe________sothateveryonecanreadwhatisonthescreen.adjusttoadjustedanswerforTheteachersmustanswerfortheirstudentsdisgustingbehaviourontheschooltrip.Thatyoungmanhasalottoanswerfor.I’msureJohnwillhelpus—Ican’tanswerfortheothers.Thisboxcananswerforachair.对……负责;(为……)担保;充当……,起……作用decideinfavourof/against1)选择/不选择〔某人或某物〕Afterlongdiscussiontheydecidedinfavouroftheyoungercandidate.Atthemeetingwedecidedagainstcarryingouttheplan.2)作出有利于/不利于〔某人的〕裁决Thejurydecidedagainsttheplaintiff(原告).Timeforreflection1.vt.=_________________;vi.=__________________.2.Canyoutellthedifferencesbetweentransitiveverbsandintransitiveverbs?transitiveverbintransitiveverb请点击word图标QuizI:Choosevt.orvi.Peter’ssituationhasimprovedwiththehelpofhisteachersandfriends.PeterhasimprovedhisEnglishwiththehelpofhisforeignfriends.2.Shedelayedformonthsbeforedecidingtogothere.ShedecidedtodelayhertripuntilAprilorMay.vt.vi.vi.vt.3.Whattimeisit?Iforgottowindmywatch.Makesurethethreadwindsevenlyaroundthebobbin(线轴).4.Thevolunteerscontributehugeamountoftheirowntimetotheproject.Variousfactorscontributedtohisdownfall.vt.vi.vt.vi.QuizII:Choosethebestanswer.1.Parents_____muchimportancetoeducation.Theywilldotheirbesttogivetheirchildrenthatpricelessgift.A.attachB.payC.linkD.apply2.—HowdidyoulikeNick’sperformancelastnight?—Tobehonest,hissingingdidn’t_____tomemuch.A.appealB.belongC.referD.occur3.Thenewmovie_______tobeoneofthebiggestmoney-makersofalltime.A.promisesB.agreesC.pretendsD.opposes4.—ShallIpickyouuptonight?—No,thanks.Don’t______tocome.Icantakeataxi.A.haveB.botherC.worryD.annoy5.TheSomalirobbers’frequentattacksontheseaurgedtheUnitedNationsto______allnationstotakeimmediateaction.A.fightforB.applyforC.callonD.waiton6.Thegoodthingaboutchildrenisthatthey_____veryeasilytonewenvironments.A.adaptB.appealC.attachD.apply7.Someonewholacksstayingpowerandperseveranceisunlikelyto______agoodteacher.A.makeB.turnC.getD.grow8.Thedoctorsaidjokinglythathisowninfectionofthevirus______thediscoveryofavaccine〔疫苗〕ofthedisease.A.stoodforB.calledforC.paidforD.contributedto1.Volunteeringgivesyouachance____lives,includingyourown.(2013安徽)A.change B.changing C.changed D.tochange2.Accordingtothelaw,allforeignershaveto_____withthelocalpolicewithintwoweeksofarrival.(2013湖北)A.associateB.disputeC.negotiateD.register

高考链接3.Shakespeare’swritingisstillpopulartoday.Ithasreally____thetestoftime.(2014安徽)A.failedB.stoodC.takenD.conducted4.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbe____intermsofoverallquality.(2014福建)A.supportedB.matchedC.evaluatedD.controlled5.Seeingthebigcrowdcomingtowardshim,hestartedtorundownthehill,but______andwentdownonhishandsandkneesinthemeltingsnow.(2014湖北)A.slipped B.skied C.signalled