全球特大城市市场调研和分析报告（英文版）-2024年1月上传培训课件

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TRENDSGlobalmegacitiesCHAPTER

01UrbanpopulationgloballyToptwentycountriesworldwidewiththelargesturbanpopulationin2018(inmillions)Countrieswiththelargesturbanpopulationin2018Urbanpopulationsizeinmillions300

4000100200500600700800900ChinaIndia837460.8UnitedStatesofAmericaBrazil268.8182.5Indonesia147.6JapanRussianFederationMexico116.5107.2104.898.6NigeriaPakistanGermany73.663.6TurkeyIran(IslamicRepublicof)61.661.44Description:Thisstatisticshowsthetwentycountrieswiththelargesturbanpopulationsworldwidein2018.In2018,theurbanpopulationofChinawasaround837millionpeople.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2018Source(s):UNDESAToptwentycountriesworldwidewiththelargestprojectedurbanpopulationin2050(inmillions)Countrieswiththelargestprojectedurbanpopulationin2050Urbanpopulationsizeinmillions400

60002008001,0001,200China1,091.9India876.6UnitedStatesofAmerica347.3Nigeria287.1Indonesia234.1215.1BrazilPakistanMexico160.2144.9125.9DemocraticRepublicoftheCongoBangladesh117.8110.6RussianFederationJapan10393.5Philippines5Description:Thisstatisticshowsthetwentycountrieswiththeprojectedlargesturbanpopulationsworldwidein2050.ForecastsestimatethattheurbanpopulationofChinawillbe1.09billionpeoplein2050.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2018Source(s):UNDESAPopulationlivinginurbanareasworldwidefrom1975to2035,byurbanareasize(inmillions)Changeinurbanizationworldwide,byurbanareasize1975-203510millionormore5to10million1to5million500,000to1million300,000to500,000Fewerthan300,0002,5002,0001,5001,00050001975199520152035*6Description:Thisstatisticshowsthenumberofpeoplelivinginurbanareasworldwidefrom1975to2035.By2035,812.2millionpeopleworldwidewillliveinurbanareaswithpopulationsof10millionormore.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1975to2015;*Projectedfigurebasedoncalculationsmadein2018.ReadmoreSource(s):UNDESAPopulationlivinginurbanareasworldwidefrom1950to2050,byregion(inmillions)Changeinurbanizationworldwide,byregion1950-2050AfricaAsiaEuropeLatinAmericaandCaribbeanNorthernAmericaOceania4,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,000500019501970199020152030*2050*7Description:Thisstatisticshowsthenumberofpeoplelivinginurbanareasworldwidefrom1950to2050.By2050,roughly1.49billionpeopleinAfricawillbelivinginurbanareas.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1950-2018;*Projectedfiguresbasedoncalculationsmadein2018.ReadmoreSource(s):UNDESAToptencountriesworldwidewiththelargestprojectedincreaseintheurbanpopulationbetween2018and2050(inmillions)Countrieswithlargestincreaseinurbanpopulationuntil2050450415.840035030025020015010050254.9188.588.686.686.578.656.956.652.20IndiaChinaNigeriaDemocraticRepublicoftheCongoPakistanIndonesiaUnitedStates

BangladeshofAmericaUnitedRepublicofTanzaniaEthiopia8Description:Thisstatisticshowsthetencountrieswiththelargestincreaseinthesizeoftheurbanpopulationbetween2018and2050.Basedonforecastedpopulationfigures,theurbanpopulationofIndiaisprojectedtobearound416millionmorein2050thanitwasin2018.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2018Source(s):UNDESAProportionofpopulationincitiesworldwidefrom1985to2050Proportionofpopulationincitiesworldwideupto205070%62.5%60.4%58.3%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%56.2%53.9%51.7%49.2%46.7%44.8%43%41.2%19851990199520002005201020152020*2025*2030*2050*9Description:Thegraphshowstheproportionofpopulationincitiesworldwidefrom1985to2050.53.9percentoftheworld'spopulationlivedincitiesintheyearof2015.Thispercentageisforecastedtogrowto62.5percentintheyear2050.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;*Projectedfiguresbasedoncalculationsmadein2018.ReadmoreSource(s):UnitedNationsCHAPTER

02Populationdensity,disistributionoflargecities,andeconomyPopulationdensityworldwidein2021byregion(ininhabitantspersquarekm)Globalpopulationdensitybyregion202116014012010080149.760.76047.24020033.732.420.15.2AfricaAsiaEuropeLatinAmericaandthe

NorthernAmericaCaribbeanOceaniaWorld11Description:Asof2021,Asiawasthemostdenselypopulatedregionoftheworldwithnearly150inhabitantspersquarekilometer,whereasOceania'spopulationdensitywasjustoverfiveinhabitantspersquarekilometer.Worldwide,thepopulationdensitywas60peoplepersquarekilometer.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):UNDESA;UnitedNationsCountrieswiththehighestpopulationdensityworldwidein2021(ininhabitantspersquarekm)Highestpopulationdensitybycountry2021Populationdensityininhabitantspersquarekm10,000

15,00005,00020,00025,00030,000MonacoMacaoSARSingapore24,621.521,456.58,698.5HongKongSARGibraltar6,819.53,267BahrainMaldives1,868.81,738.21,672.2MaltaBangladeshSintMaarten(Dutchpart)Bermuda1,3011,295.41,188.61,162.5985.4HolySeeGuernsey12Description:Monacoledtherankingforcountrieswiththehighestpopulationdensityin2021,withnearly25,000residentspersquarekilometer.TheSpecialAdministrativeRegionMacaocameinsecond,followedbySingapore.Theworld`ssmallestcountrybyarea,theHolySee,camein13thwithcloseto1,200peoplepersquarekilometer.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):UnitedNationsCitieswiththehighestpopulationdensityworldwidein2023(ininhabitantspersquarekm)Citieswiththehighestpopulationdensityglobally2023Populationdensityininhabitantspersquarekm5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000025,00030,00035,000Mogadishu,SomaliaTanta,Egypt33,24431,36030,911Dhaka,BangladeshKutupalongRefugeecamp,BangladeshTshikapa,DRCongoKinshasa,DRCongoAl-Mahallah,Egypt28,95827,79926,04825,979Asansol,India25,54225,44624,430Mbuji-Mayi,DRCongoMuzaffarnagar,IndiaMumbai,India24,07323,96223,861Al-Mansurah,EgyptMacauSAR,ChinaHerat,AghanistanHyderabad,Pakistan23,26322,91113Description:MogadishuinSomalialedtherankingofcitieswiththehighestpopulationdensityin2023,with33,244residentspersquarekilometer.Whenitcomestocountries,Monacoisthemostpopulatedstateworldwide.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):WendellCoxConsultancyProjectedpopulationdensityofmostdenselypopulatedcountriesfrom2022to2050(ininhabitantspersquarekm)Projectedpopulationdensityofmostdenselypopulatedcountries2022-2050MonacoChina,MacaoSARSingaporeChina,HongKongSARGibraltar30,00025,00020,00015,00010,0005,000027,552.125,278.225,895.924,475.821,72424,458.124,195.322,56024,068.523,855.39,381.86,649.89,278.56,3479,153.76,811.58,749.26,814.38,915.96,824.23,264.93,274.33,277.13,233.33,135.62022202520302040205014/statistics/912425/global-population-density-by-select-countryAsofJuly2022,Monacoisthecountrywiththehighestpopulationdensityworldwidewithanestimatedpopulationofnearly24,500persquarekilometer.However,by2050,itisexpectedtobeovertakenbytheSpecialAdministrativeRegionofMacao.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):UNDESA;UnitedNationsDistributionofbuilt-upareaswithpopulationof500,000andoverworldwidein2023,byregionDistributionofurbanareasglobally2023,bycontinentSouthAmerica7.3%Oceania0.6%Africa12.3%Asia53.1%NorthAmerica12.7%Europe14%15Description:Morethanhalfoftheworld'sbuilt-upurbanareaswithpopulationof500,000andmorewerelocatedinAsiain2023.Europe,NorthAmerica,andEuropehadbetween12and14percentoftheurbanareaswithmorethan500,000inhabitants.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023;urbanareaswithpopulationof500,000andoverSource(s):WendellCoxConsultancyShareofbuilt-upareaswithpopulationof500,000andoverinselectedcountriesworldwidein2023Shareofurbanareasglobally2023,bycountryShareofurbanareas15%0%5%10%20%25%30%ChinaIndia25.5%10.6%UnitedStatesRussia7.1%3.7%3.3%3.2%BrazilMexicoNigeriaIndonesiaJapan2.4%2.3%1.6%UnitedKingdomTurkey1.6%1.5%1.4%GermanySpain1%16/statistics/1237352/share-urban-areas-countryIn2023,China'scitiesmadeuponefourthofthegloballandareaconsistedofbuilt-upurbanareaswithpopulationsof500,000andmore.India'surbanareasmadeupmorethan10percentofthelandareaclassifiedaslargeurbancitiesworldwide.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023;urbanareaswithpopulationof500,000andoverSource(s):WendellCoxConsultancyProjectionofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)worldwidein2030,byselectmegacity(inbillionU.S.dollars)Globalmegacities'GDPoutlook2030GDPinbillionU.S.dollars20

25051015303540454450NewYork,U.S.Tokyo,Japan40Beijing,China10Osaka,Japan1010Shanghai,ChinaSaoPaulo,BrazilBombay,IndiaGuangzhou,ChinaMexicoCity,MexicoDelhi,India8765417Description:Thisstatisticprovidesaprojectionofthegrossdomesticproduct(GDP)ofmajormegacitiesworldwidein2030.Asofthistime,itisprojectedthattheGDPofTokyo,Japanwillreach40billionU.S.dollars.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2018Source(s):BCG;ChinaDevelopmentResearchFoundation;MartinProsperityInstitute;OxfordUniversityPressCHAPTER

03PopulationofmegacitiesLargesturbanagglomerationsworldwidein2023,bypopulation(in1,000s)Globalmegacitypopulations2023Populationinthousands05,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,000Tokyo-Yokohama,JapanJakarta,IndonesiaDelhi,India37,78535,38631,190Guangzhou-Foshan,ChinaMumbai,India27,11925,189Manila,PhilippinesShanghai,China24,15624,042Seoul-Incheon,SouthKoreaCairo,Egypt23,22522,67921,905MexicoCity.MexicoKolkata,India21,74721,48621,396SaoPaulo,BrazilNewYork,U.S.19Description:Asof2023,Tokyo-YokohamainJapanwasthelargestworldurbanagglomeration,with37,8millionpeoplelivingthere.Jakartarankedsecondwith34million,withDelhiinthirdwith32millioninhabitants.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):WendellCoxConsultancyPopulationofthelargesturbanagglomerationsworldwidefrom1950to2020(inmillions)Historicalpopulationofglobalmegacities1950-2020City,

country19501960197023.33.536.057.628.83198028.555.59199032.539.38200034.4515.6914.2517.0118.4610.2813.6310.2916.1518.6617.81201036.8621.9920.3119.6620.1414.7316.92020*37.3930.2927.0622.0421.7821.0120.9Tokyo,Japan11.2716.68Delhi,IndiaShanghai,ChinaSãoPaulo,BrazilMexicoCity,MexicoDhaka,BangladeshCairo,Egypt4.292.333.376.873.975.485.938.6112.0913.0314.7815.646.622.493.683.95.584.437.355.379.29.89Beijing,China6.7916.4418.2619.3118.3720.4620.4119.1718.8Mumbai,IndiaOsaka,Japan3.097.014.416.4112.3618.3916.0910.6114.1615.2716.1917.0315.6NewYork-Newark,U.S.12.3420/statistics/911939/population-of-urban-agglomerations-worldwideThisstatisticshowsthepopulationofthelargesturbanagglomerationsintheworldfrom1950to2010,withprojectedfiguresfor2020.By2020,thepopulationoftheShanghaiagglomerationinChinaisprojectedtoberoughly27.06millionpeople.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1950to2015;*Figuresareprojectionsbasedoncalculationsmadein2018.HistoricalfiguresforDelhiandDhakawerenotavailable.ReadmoreSource(s):UNDESAPopulationofthelargesturbanagglomerationsworldwidein2035(in1,000s)Globalmegacitypopulationprojection2035Populationinthousands15,000

20,000

25,00005,00010,00030,00035,00040,00045,00050,000Delhi,IndiaTokyo,JapanShanghai,ChinaDhaka,BangladeshCairo,Egypt43,34536,01434,34131,23428,504Bombay,India27,34326,68225,41525,36624,49024,41923,128Kinshasa,DRCongoMexicoCity,MexicoBeijing,ChinaSãoPaulo,BrazilLagos,NigeriaKarachi,PakistanNewYork-Newark,U.S.20,81721Description:Thisstatisticshowstheprojectedpopulationofthelargesturbanagglomerationsworldwidein2035.Inthatyear,thepopulationoftheNewYork-NewarkagglomerationintheUnitedStatesisprojectedtobe20.8millionpeople.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2018;*Projectedbasedon2018calculations.ReadmoreSource(s):UNDESADevelopmentofthepopulationinselectedmetropolitanareasfrom1995to2035(inmillions)Developmentofpopulationinmetropolitanareasupto2035199520002005201020152020*2025*2030*2035*4035302520151050BeijingBerlinLondonMexicoCityMoscowMumbaiNewYorkParisSeoulTokyo22Description:Thestatisticsshowthedevelopmentofthepopulationofselectedmetropolitanareasfrom1995to2035.In1995,Moscowhadabout9.2millioninhabitants.Itispredictedthatby2035therewillbeabout12.82millioninhabitantsinMoscow.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1995-2015;*Projectedfiguresbasedoncalculationsmadein2018..Datahavebeenroundedforabetterunderstanding.

ReadmoreSource(s):UnitedNationsAverageannualgrowthrateforthelargesturbanagglomerationsworldwidefrom2000to2035Populationgrowthoflargestglobalmegacities2000-20352000

to

20052005

to

20100.68%3.25%3.5%2010

to

20150.21%3.25%2.9%2015

to

2020*0.07%3.16%2.84%0.41%1.08%1.1%Tokyo,Japan0.67%3.5%Delhi,IndiaShanghai,ChinaMexicoCity,MexicoSaoPaulo,BrazilMumbai,India3.6%0.87%1.44%1.33%0.31%4.67%2.15%3.63%0.87%1.45%1.13%0.31%4.71%2.15%3.56%1.16%1.21%1.13%0.31%2.27%2.15%3.56%NewYork,UnitedStatesBeijing,China0.17%2.1%Cairo,Egypt2.1%Dhaka,Bangladesh3.54%23Description:ThisstatisticshowsthepopulationgrowthrateofthetoptwentylargesturbanagglomerationsintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2030.Between2025and2030,theaverageannualpopulationgrowthrateoftheNewYork-Newarkagglomerationisprojectedtoberoughly0.82percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2000to2018;*Projectedfiguresbasedoncalculationsmadein2018.ReadmoreSource(s):UNDESADistributionofbuilt-upareaswithpopulationof500,000andoverworldwidein2023,byregionDistributionofurbanareasglobally2023,bycontinentSouthAmerica7.3%Oceania0.6%Africa12.3%Asia53.1%NorthAmerica12.7%Europe14%24Description:Morethanhalfoftheworld'sbuilt-upurbanareaswithpopulationof500,000andmorewerelocatedinAsiain2023.Europe,NorthAmerica,andEuropehadbetween12and14percentoftheurbanareaswithmorethan500,000inhabitants.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023;urbanareaswithpopulationof500,000andoverSource(s):WendellCoxConsultancyShareofbuilt-upareaswithpopulationof500,000andoverinselectedcountriesworldwidein2023Shareofurbanareasglobally2023,bycountryShareofurbanareas15%0%5%10%20%25%30%ChinaIndia25.5%10.6%UnitedStatesRussia7.1%3.7%3.3%3.2%BrazilMexicoNigeriaIndonesiaJapan2.4%2.3%1.6%UnitedKingdomTurkey1.6%1.5%1.4%GermanySpain1%25/statistics/1237352/share-urban-areas-countryIn2023,China'scitiesmadeuponefourthofthegloballandareaconsistedofbuilt-upurbanareaswithpopulationsof500,000andmore.India'surbanareasmadeupmorethan10percentofthelandareaclassifiedaslargeurbancitiesworldwide.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023;urbanareaswithpopulationof500,000andoverSource(s):WendellCoxConsultancyCHAPTER

04MegacitiesincountriesandregionsTop25citiesintheU.S.withthehighestresidentpopulationin2022(in1,000)MostpopulatedU.S.citiesin2022Numberofresidentpopulationin1,00001,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,000NewYorkcity,NewYorkLosAngelescity,CaliforniaChicagocity,Illinois8,335.93,822.242,665.04Houstoncity,Texas2,302.88Phoenixcity,ArizonaPhiladelphiacity,PennsylvaniaSanAntoniocity,TexasSanDiegocity,CaliforniaDallascity,Texas1,644.411,567.261,472.911,381.161,299.54Austincity,Texas974.45Jacksonvillecity,FloridaSanJosecity,CaliforniaFortWorthcity,Texas971.32971.23956.7127Description:Thisstatisticshowsthetop25citiesintheUnitedStateswiththehighestresidentpopulationasofJuly1,2022.Therewereabout8.34millionpeoplelivinginNewYorkCityasofJuly2022.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;AsofJuly1,2022Source(s):USCensusBureauLargesturbanagglomerationsinEuropein2020(inmillionsofinhabitants)LargestcitiesinEuropein2020Populationinmillions0246810121416Istanbul(Turkey)Moscow(Russia)Paris(France)15.1912.5411.02London(UK)9.3Madrid(Spain)6.62Barcelona(Spain)SaintPetersburg(Russia)Rome(Italy)5.595.474.26Berlin(Germany)Athens(Greece)Milan(Italy)3.563.153.14Kyiv(Ukraine)Lisbon(Portugal)2.992.9628Description:In2020IstanbulwasthelargestcityinEuropewithanestimatedurbanagglomerationof15.9millionpeople.TheRussiancapital,Moscowwasthesecondlargestcityin2020at12.5million,followedbythecapitalsofFranceandtheUnitedKingdom,withParisat11millionandLondonat9.3millionpeople.AlthoughbothRussiaandTurkeyhavemostoftheirterritoryinAsia,IstanbulandMoscowarelocatedwithinEurope,withIstanbulfamouslystraddlingbothcontinentsReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2018Source(s):UnitedNationsPopulationofthelargestcityintheAsia-Pacificregionin2020(inmillions),bycountryorterritoryPopulationoflargestcitiesAPAC2021,bycountryPopulationinlargestcityinmillions0510152025303540JapanIndia37.3431.18China27.8BangladeshPakistan21.7516.46PhilippinesIndonesiaThailandSouthKoreaVietnamMalaysiaHongKongSingapore14.1610.9110.729.978.848.217.65.9929Description:Japan`slargestcity,greaterTokyo,hadastaggering37.34millioninhabitantsin2021,makingitthemostpopulouscityacrosstheAsia-Pacificregion.IndiahadthesecondlargestcityafterJapanwithapopulationconsistingofapproximately31.18millioninhabitants.Contrastingly,approximately400thousandinhabitantspopulatedPapuaNewGuinea'slargestcityin2021.ReadmoreNote(s):Asia,APAC;2021Source(s):WorldBankLargestcitiesinAfricaasof2023,bynumberofinhabitants(in1,000s)LargestcitiesinAfrica2023,bynumberofinhabitantsNumberofinhabitantsinthousands01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,00010,000Lagos,NigeriaKinshasa,RepublicoftheCongoCairo,Egypt9,0007,7867,734.6Alexandria,EgyptAbidjan,IvoryCoastKano,Nigeria3,811.53,677.13,626Ibadan,Nigeria3,565.1CapeTown,SouthAfricaCasablanca,MoroccoDurban,SouthAfricaLuanda,Angola3,433.43,144.93,120.32,776.2AddisAbaba,EthiopiaNairobi,KenyaDaresSalaam,TanzaniaMogadishu,Somalia2,757.72,750.52,698.72,587.230Description:Lagos,inNigeria,rankedasthemostpopulatedcityinAfricaasof2023,withanestimatedpopulationofroughlyninemillioninhabitantslivinginthecityproper.Kinshasa,inCongo,andCairo,inEgypt,followedwithsome7.8millionand7.7milliondwellers.Amongthe15largestcitiesinthecontinent,anothertwo,Kano,andIbadan,werelocatedinNigeria,themostpopulatedcountryinAfrica.ReadmoreNote(s):Africa;2023Source(s):WorldPopulationReviewMostpopulatedcitiesinBrazilin2022(inmillioninhabitants)LargestcitiesinBrazilbypopulation2022Inhabitantsinmillions02468101214SãoPaulo(SP)RiodeJaneiro(RJ)Brasília(DF)11.456.212.82Fortaleza(CE)Salvador(BA)BeloHorizonte(MG)Manaus(AM)2.432.422.322.061.771.491.441.33Curitiba(PR)Recife(PE)Goiânia(GO)PortoAlegre(RS)Belém(PA)1.3Guarulhos(SP)1.2931/statistics/259227/largest-cities-in-brazilIn2022,approximately11.45millionpeoplelivedinSãoPaulo,makingitthelargestmunicipalityinBrazilandoneofthemostpopulouscitiesintheworld.ThehomonymousstateofSãoPaulowasalsothemostpopulousfederalentityinthecountry.ReadmoreNote(s):Brazil;2022;CensusSource(s):BrazilianInstituteofGeographyandStatisticsCHAPTER

05UrbanizationShareofurbanpopulationworldwidein2022,bycontinentDegreeofurbanization2022,bycontinentUrbanpopulationasshareoftotalpopulation0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%NorthernAmerica83%LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean81%EuropeOceaniaWorldwideAsia75%67%57%52%Africa44%33Description:In2022,thedegreeofurbanizationworldwidewasat57percent.NorthAmericawastheregionwiththehighestlevelofurbanization,withoverfourfifthsofthepopulationresidinginurbanareas.Thedegreeofurbanizationdefinestheshareofpopulationlivinginareasthataredefinedas"cities".Adefinitionofacitydiffersacrossvariousworldregions-somecountriescountsettlementswithonehundredhousesormoreasurban,whileothersonlyincludethecapitalofacountryor[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;September2022Source(s):PopulationReferenceBureauTopthirtymosturbanizedcountriesworldwidein2018Top30mosturbanizedcountriesworldwidein2018Urbanpercentageofpopulation0%20%40%60%80%100%120%China,HongKongSARChina,MacaoSARSingapore100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%99.6%KuwaitGibraltarHolySeeMonacoAnguillaCaymanIslandsSintMaarten(Dutchpart)BermudaNauruRéunion34Description:Thisstatisticshowsaforecastofthetopthirtymosturbanizedcountriesintheworldin2018.Asof2018,100percentofSingapore'spopulationlivedinurbanareas.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2018Source(s):PopulationReferenceBureauTop25mosturbanizedcountriesworldwidein2050Top25mosturbanizedcountriesworldwidein2050Urbanpercentageofpopulation0%20%40%60%80%100%120%China,HongKongSARChina,MacaoSARSingapore100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%100%99.9%KuwaitGibraltarHolySeeMonacoAnguillaCaymanIslandsSintMaarten(Dutchpart)BermudaNauruRéunion35Description:Thisstatisticshowsaforecastofthetoptenmosturbanizedcountriesintheworldin2050.By2050,98.9percentofBelgium'spopulationisforecastedtoliveinanurbanarea.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2018Source(s):UNDESADegreeofurbanizationinOECDcountriesin2018OECDcountrieswiththehighestdegreeofurbanizationasof2018Degreeofurbanization0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%110%BelgiumIceland98%93.8%92.4%IsraelJapan91.6%91.5%NetherlandsLuxembourgDenmarkChileSwedenNewZealandAustralia91%87.9%87.6%87.4%86.5%86%Finland85.4%UnitedKingdom83.4%36Description:ThestatisticshowsthedegreeofurbanizationinOECDcountriesin2018.In2018,BelgiumhadthehighestdegreeofurbanizationamongOECDcountrieswith98percentofthepopulationresidinginurbanareas.ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):UNDPPercentageofpopulationlivinginurbanareasworldwidefrom1950to2050,bycountryincomegroupsUrbanizationrateoftheworldwide,bydevelopmentstatus1950-2050High-incomecountriesUpper-middle-incomecountriesLower-middle-incomecountries80.9%Low-incomecountriesWorldtotal100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%88.4%82.6%83.9%74.8%74.4%68.7%36.6%68.4%59%64.1%53.9%60.4%58.5%29.6%50.2%47%4423.

9%%39.2%30.9%38.3%32.2%30%22.6%15.7%22.8%22.1%17.2%9.3%19501970199020152030*205037Description:Thisstatisticshowstheshareofthepopulationlivinginurbanareasworldwidefrom1950to2050,bydevelopmentstatusdeterminedbyincomelevel.High-incomecountriesareprojectedtohave88.4percentoftheirpopulationslivinginurbanareasby2050.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1950-2018;*Projectedfiguresbasedoncalculationsmadein2018.ReadmoreSource(s):UNDESAMajorurbanareasworldwidein2023,bylandarea(insquarekilometers)Largestmegacitiesworldwide2023,bylandareaLandareainsquarekilometers02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,000NewYork,U.S.Boston-Providence,U.S.Tokyo-Yokohama,JapanAtlanta,U.S.11,3448,8478,7757,402LosAngeles,U.S.Moscow,Russia6,9186,6436,532Chicago,U.S.Washington-Baltimore,U.S.Houston,U.S.Dallas-FortWorth,U.S.Philadelphia,U.S.Guangzhou-Foshan,ChinaShanghai,China5,6005,3905,3074,9164,5434,33338Description:In2023,NewYorkledtherankingofthelargestbuilt-upurbanareasworldwide,withalandareaof11,300squarekilometers.Boston-ProvidenceandTokyo-Yokohamawerethesecondandthirdlargestmegacitiesgloballythatyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):WendellCoxConsultancyCHAPTER

06CostsoflivingCostoflivinginselectedcitiesworldwidein2022,bypriceindexCostoflivinginselectedcitiesworldwide2022,bypriceindexPriceindex(NewYork=100)020406080100100100999898120SingaporeNewYorkTelAvivHongKongLosAngelesZurich94Geneva91SanFranciscoParis85848383CopenhagenSydney40Description:SingaporeandNewYorkwererankedasthemostexpensivecitiesworldwidewithanindexof100outofapossible100.Threeofthe11mostexpensivecitieswereintheUnitedStates,whereastwowereinSwitzerland.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;August16toSeptember16,2022;172citiesSource(s):EconomistIntelligenceUnit;WorldEconomicForumCostoflivingintheleastexpensivecitiesworldwidein2022,bypriceindexCostoflivingintheleastexpensivecitiesworldwide2022,bypriceindexPriceindex(NewYork=100)0510152025303540Damascus,SyriaTripoli,Libya1122Tehran,Iran23Tunis,Tunisia30Tashkent,UzbekistanKarachi,PakistanAlmaty,KazakhstanAhmedabad,IndiaChennai,India3132343537Algiers,Algeria383838Bangalore,IndiaColombo,SriLanka41Description:DamascusinSyriawasrankedastheleastexpensivecityworldwidein2022,withanindexscoreof11outof100.Thecountryhasbeenmarredbycivilwaroverthelastdecade,hittingthecountry'seconomyhard.OthercitiesintheMiddleEastandNorthAfricasuchasTehran,Tripoli,Tunis,andAlgiersarealsopresentonthelist.Ontheotherhand,NewYorkandSingaporewererank