高考英语学科阅读科普文关键问题与能力训练（一）

2024届高三毕业班英语学科阅读科普文关键问题与能力训练选送（一）1Thesteamengine,electriclighting,refrigeration.Ifyou'rewonderingwhatthesethingshaveincommon,they'reexamplesoftransformativetechnologiesthatliftedworkerproductivity.DoesgenerativeAIbelongonthatlist?Hardlyadaypasseswithoutsomenewsofthegreatthingsthatso-calledlargelanguagemodels(LLMs)cando—fromwritingacademicpaperstodesigningbuildings—alongwithprojectionsonhowmanyjobswillbewipedoutascompaniesfigureoutwaystoapplythenewtechnology.ButeconomistsaredividedonwhetherthelikesofOpenAI'sChatGPTorGoogle'sBardhavethepotentialtojump-startproductivitygrowthworldwide.ResearchersinaconsultingfirmprojectAIwilldeliver$4.4trillionineconomicbenefitsannuallytotheglobaleconomy,equalto4.4%ofglobaloutputin2022.HarvardprofessorNeeleylikensthebirthofgenerativeAItothearrivaloftheInternet."Itisexactlythatmomentwearefacingagain—thatvitalmomentthatforeverchangeshowwework,howweinteractwithoneanother,howwethink,howweproduce.Weareatthatmomentagain."Thereareplentyofreasonstobeskeptical,though.RobertGordon,aprofessoratNorthwesternUniversityandauthorofTheRiseandFallofAmericanGrowth,arguesthattheInternetandAIhaven'tbeenasrevolutionaryaswhateconomistscallgeneral-purposetechnologies,suchaselectricity.WorriesaboutAIreplacingworkershavebeenatthecenterofalabordisputeinHollywoodwritersandactors.AsurveybyMicrosoftfoundthat49%ofthepeoplesaythey'reworriedAIwillreplacetheirjobs.Ontheflipside,blue-collarworkerscouldbenefit."Itwon'tchangeblue-collarwork,butitwillchangewhocangetoutofblue-collarworkandgetintobetterjobs,"aneconomichistorianatCornellUniversitysays，"Wearelivingthroughoneofthoseturningpointsinhumanhistory."1.WhydoestheauthormentionOpenAI'sChatGPTandGoogle'sBard?A.Tointroduceadebate.B.Todefineaconcept.C.Tomakeaprediction.D.Toexplainatechnology.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"likens"meaninparagraph3?A.contributes.B.compares.C.attaches.D.changes.3.WhatcanweknowaboutRobertGordon?A.HeisinfavorofAI.B.HesuspectsAI'srevolutionaryrole.C.Heisaneconomistandauthor.D.Heactsasanelectricityprofessor.4.Whatdoestheeconomichistorianthinkaboutblue-collarworkintheAI-era?A.Doubtful.B.Worrying.C.Fascinating.D.Promising.[导语]本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了人工智能对整个社会的影响，并介绍了几位研究人员对人工智能的不同看法。一、答案：1.A2.B3.B4.D二、词块注析1.transformative有变革能力的2.generative有生产力的3.projection预测，推断4.divided有分歧的5.likes类似的人或物6.liftworkerproductivity提高工人生产力7.jump-start快速启动8.interactwith与…互动9.general-purposetechnology通用技术10.ontheflipside相反地，在另一方面三．长难句Hardlyadaypasseswithoutsomenewsofthegreatthingsthatso-calledlargelanguagemodelscando---fromwritingacademicpaperstodesigningbuildings---alongwithprojectionsonhowmanyjobswillbewipedoutascompaniesfigureoutwaystoapplythenewtechnology.几乎每天都有一些了不起新事物的消息，比如所谓的大型语言模型既能撰写学术论文，又能设计建筑。还有一些预测，关于伴随着公司研究出如何应用新技术，未来会有多少工作会消失。分析：主语是aday，谓语是passes，that引导定语从句修饰先行词thegreatthings，howmany引导宾语从句，as引导时间状语从句，Hardly、without双重否定表肯定。“RobertGordon,aprofessoratNorthwesternUniversityandauthorofTheRiseandFallofAmericanGrowth,arguesthattheInternetandAIhaven'tbeenasrevolutionaryaswhateconomistscallgeneral-purposetechnologies,suchaselectricity.西北大学教授、《美国经济增长的兴衰》一书的作者罗伯特·戈登认为，互联网和人工智能并不像经济学家所说的通用技术比如电力，那样具有革命性。分析：RobertGordonandauthorofTheRiseandFallofAmericanGrowth是主语，aprofessoratNorthwesternUniversity是同位语主语，谓语是argues，that引导宾语从句，what引导宾语从句并在从句中充当宾语成分。3.“Itisexactlythatmomentwearefacingagain-thatvitalmomentthatforeverchangeshowwework,howweinteractwithoneanother,howwethink,howweproduce.这正是我们再次面临的关键时刻，这个关键时刻将永远改变我们的工作方式、我们与他人的互动方式、我们的思考方式、我们的生产方式。分析：主语是It，谓语是is，exactlythatmoment充当表语，第一个that是限定词，第二个that也是限定词，第三个that引导定语从句修饰先行词thatvitalmoment，定语从句中how引导四个并列宾语从句。莆田五中高三备课组推送2Sometalkofbuildingsettlementsonthemoonormarstohelpmakesurehumanitysurviveslongintothefuture.Othershavetheirsightssetclosertohome:onfuturecitiesundertheocean."Technologicallyspeaking,itisabsolutelypossibletocolonizethebottomofthesea,"saysFabienCousteau,awell-knownoceanexplorerwhooncespent31dayslivinginwhatisnowtheworld'sonlyfunctioningunderseahabitat,Aquarius.It'saboutthesizeofaschoolbusandlocated62feetbelowtheoceansurfaceofftheFloridaKeys.Justasastronautstestwhatitwouldbeliketoliveinspace,aquanautstryoutundersealivingwithaneyeonthefuture.Escapingfromdisasterssuchasclimatechange,wars,orpandemicsisonereasontoliveunderthesea.Othersincludestudying,exploring,orappreciatingtheocean.It'scostlyandexpensivetoconstantlykeepupanoceanhabitatwhichmustpumpinormakeitsownair,electricity,andfreshwater.Inhabitantshavetodealwithhighpressure.Andinfectionscandeveloprapidlyduetohighhumidity.Despitethechallenges,severalnewoceanhabitatsandcitiesareunderconstruction.Aseriesofspacestation-likeundersealivingquartersforaquanautscalledProteusarescheduledtobecompletedby2025offCuracao,anislandnorthofVenezuelainSouthAmerica.AnunderseacolonycalledVenBaseAlphawillbebuiltnearahydrothermalvent,whichwouldsupplyitwithenergy.Meanwhile,anunderseacitycalledOceanSpiralinJapanwouldlinkitssurfacetothedeepsea,usingthedifferenceinpressuretogenerateenergyandproducefreshwater.Thissoundsamazing,butitwouldbeextremelyexpensiveandremainsjustadesign.Noteveryoneagreesthatbuildinghomesintheoceanisagoodidea.Thistypeofdevelopmentcouldplaceevenmorestrainonecosystemsthatarealreadystrugglingwithpollutionandclimatechange.It'simportanttomakesurethatanyconstructionisdonecarefully,saysSusanneMenden-Deuer,anoceanographerattheUniversityofRhodeIsland.Wildunderseahabitatsshouldbetreatedas"theprecious,irreplaceableresourcethattheyare,"shesays.28.WhatdoweknowaboutAquarius?A.Itisstillunderconstruction.B.Itfunctionsasanunderseaschoolbus.C.Itistheonlyoceanhabitatinoperation.D.Itonlyallowsapersontolivetherefor31days.29.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thepresentandfutureoflivingunderthesea.B.Thereasonsandchallengesoflivingunderthesea.C.Thepurposeandcostofbuildingunderseasettlements.D.Theproblemsandfindingsofbuildingunderseasettlements.30.Whatwouldbetheresultofbuildinghomesintheoceanaccordingtothetext?A.Rapiddevelopmentofunderseahabitats.B.Protectionofirreplaceableoceanresource.C.Negativeimpactsonunderseaecosystems.D.Struggleswithpollutionandclimatechange.31.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook.B.Anexampaper.C.Anacademicarticle.D.Asciencemagazine.解析：第28题

C。细节理解题，根据文章，Aquarius是世界上唯一一个正在运行的海底栖息地，位于佛罗里达群岛附近的海洋表面以下62英尺处。第29题

B

。根据第三段，生活在海底的原因包括逃避气候变化、战争或大流行病等灾难，以及研究、探索或欣赏海洋。同时，生活在海底的挑战包括高昂的成本、高压环境以及由于高湿度而导致的感染问题。因此，第三段主要讲述了生活在海底的原因和挑战。第30题

C

。根据最后一段，文章提到建筑物在海洋中可能会给已经受污染和气候变化影响的生态系统增加更大的压力。因此，根据上下文，建筑物在海洋中的建设可能会对海洋生态系统产生负面影响。因此，选项C.Negativeimpactsonunderseaecosystems.（对海洋生态系统的负面影响。）是正确答案。第31题

D

。根据文章的风格和内容，最有可能的来源是一本科学杂志。文章讨论了建筑物在海洋中的可能性、挑战、目前的进展以及对生态系统的影响。词块：colonizevt.把…变为殖民地aquanautn.海底观察员；海底实验室工作人员infectionn.传染病humidityn.湿度pumpin大量注入generateenergy产生能量hydrothermalvent水热通道：位于海底裂隙中的热液喷口，特别是在中洋脊附近的喷口，从中喷出富含矿物质的超热水。place(v.)strainon带来压力oceanographern.海洋学家；海洋研究者irreplaceableresource不可取代的能源长难句："Technologicallyspeaking,itisabsolutelypossibletocolonizethebottomofthesea,"saysFabienCousteau,awell-knownoceanexplorerwhooncespent31dayslivinginwhatisnowtheworld'sonlyfunctioningunderseahabitat,Aquarius.“从技术上讲，在海底定居是完全可能的，”著名的海洋探险家法比安·库斯托(FabienCousteau)说，他曾经在现在世界上唯一一个正常运作的海底栖息地——宝瓶座(Aquarius)生活了31天。这个句子中awell-knownoceanexplorer为FabienCousteau的同位语，whooncespent31dayslivinginwhatisnowtheworld'sonlyfunctioningunderseahabitat,Aquarius.是这个同位语的定语从句。Aseriesofspacestation-likeundersealivingquartersforaquanautscalledProteusarescheduledtobecompletedby2025offCuracao,anislandnorthofVenezuelainSouthAmerica.一系列类似空间站的水下生活区被称为“普罗特斯”，计划于2025年在南美洲委内瑞拉北部的库拉索岛附近完工。这个句子主语较长是因为加了较多限定，其中calledProteus为过去分词做后置定语。anislandnorthofVenezuelainSouthAmerica做Curacao的同位语。Meanwhile,anunderseacitycalledOceanSpiralinJapanwouldlinkitssurfacetothedeepsea,usingthedifferenceinpressuretogenerateenergyandproducefreshwater.与此同时，日本一座名为“海洋螺旋”(OceanSpiral)的海底城市将把它的表面与深海连接起来，利用压力差来产生能量并生产淡水。这个句子里usingthedifferenceinpressuretogenerateenergyandproducefreshwater为分词做状语。莆田一中高三备课组推送3Theterm“metaverse”isthelatestbuzzword(流行术语)tocapturethetechindustry'simagination-somuchsothatoneofthebest-knownInternetplatformsisrebrandingitselftosignalitsembraceofthefuturisticidea.FacebookCEOMarkZuckerberg'sannouncementthathe'schanginghiscompany'snametoMetaPlatformsInc.mightbethebiggestthingtohappentothemetaversesincesciencefictionwriterNealStephensoncoinedthetermforhisnovel“SnowCrash”publishedin1992.ButZuckerbergandhisteamarehardlytheonlytechvisionarieswithideasonhowthemetaverse,whichwillemployamixofvirtualrealityandothertechnologies,shouldtakeshape.Whatisthemetaverse?Zuckerberghasdescribeditasa“virtualenvironment"youcangoinsideof-insteadofjustlookingatonascreen.Essentially,it'saworldofendless,interconnectedvirtualcommunitieswherepeoplecanmeet,workandplay,usingvirtualrealityheadsetsandglasses,smartphonesorotherdevices.Themetaversecouldalsobeagame-changerforthework-from-homeshiftamidthecoronaviruspandemic.Insteadofseeingco-workersonavideocall,employeescouldjointheminavirtualoffice.Zuckerberg'sembraceofthemetaverseinsomewayscontradictsacentraltenet(信条)ofitsbiggestenthusiasts.Theyenvisionthemetaverseasonlineculture'sliberationfromtechplatformslikeFacebookthatassumedownershipofpeople'saccounts,photos,postsandtradedonwhattheycollectedfromthatdata.“WewanttobeabletomovearoundtheInternetwithease,butwealsowanttobeabletomovearoundtheInternetinawaywe'renottrackedormonitored,"saidSteveJang,whofocusesoncryptocurrency(数字货币)technology.ThereisagrowingconcernaboutFacebooktryingtoleadthewayintoavirtualworldthatcouldrequireevenmorepersonaldataandoffergreaterpotentialforabuseandmisinformationwhenithasn'tfixedthoseproblemsinitscurrentplatforms.WhyisZuckerbergchangingthenameofhiscompany?Becauseheplanstoquithispresentbusiness.Becausehehasfoundedthemetaverse.Becausehewillengageinthemetaverse.Becausehewantstodrawpublicattention.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthecentralbeliefofmetaversefans?Usersshouldberesponsiblefortheirpersonaldata.Cryptocurrencytechnologyshouldbemonitored.Techplatformsshouldpossessusers'data.Themetaverseshouldbetracked.Whatcanpeopledointhemetaverse?Doeverythingintherealworld. Havemeetingsinthevirtualoffice. Defeatthepandemic. Seeco-workersonavideocall. WhatdosomepeoplethinkofZuckerberg'sdecision?Facebookwillgainpeople'strust.FacebookwillmaketheInternetabetterworld.Facebookmaynotabuseinformation.Facebookmaynotplayagoodleadingrole.【语篇内容】文章阐述了什么是元宇宙及元宇宙存在的个人数据安全隐患问题。C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...Zuckerberg’sannouncementthathe'schanginghiscompany'snametoMetaPlatformsInc.”和“ButZuckerbergandhisteamarehardlytheonlytechvisionarieswithideasonhowthemetaverse...shouldtakeshape.”可知,扎克伯格和他的团队将从事元宇宙技术方面的研究(engageinthemetaverse),转型元宇宙领域,故将公司改名为MetaPlatformsInc.。A推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Theyenvisionthemetaverseasonlineculture'sliberationfromtechplatformslikeFacebookthatassumedownershipofpeople'saccounts,photos,posts”可知,元宇宙就是要让网络用户从拥有人们的账户、照片、帖子等信息的Facebook等技术平台解放出来,由此推知用户应该对个人数据负责(Usersshouldberesponsiblefortheirpersonaldata.)。B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Insteadofseeingco-workersonavideocall,employeescouldjointheminavirtualoffice."可推知,在元宇宙中可以在虚拟办公室开会(Havemeetingsinthevirtualoffice.)。D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ThereisagrowingconcernaboutFacebooktryingtoleadthewayintoavirtualworldthatcouldrequireevenmorepersonaldataandoffergreaterpotentialforabuseandmisinformationwhenithasn'tfixedthoseproblemsinitscurrentplatforms.”可知,Facebook尚未解决个人数据安全方面的问题,扎克伯格进军元宇宙的决定可能会带来更大的问题,由此推知,Facebook可能不会起到很好的主导作用(maynotplayagoodleadingrole)。＊词块注析：cointheterm创造术语amixof混合virtualreality虚拟现实takeshape形成describe...as...把...描述成...insteadof而不是joinin加入envision...as...把...想象成...focuson专注于leadthewayinto引领进...＊长难句汉语翻译和结构分析：ButZuckerbergandhisteamarehardlytheonlytechvisionarieswithideasonhowthemetaverse,whichwillemployamixofvirtualrealityandothertechnologies,shouldtakeshape.但是，扎克伯格和他的团队并不是唯一对元宇宙应该如何形成有想法的科技梦想家，况且元宇宙是虚拟现实和其他技术相结合的。howthemetaverse...shouldtakeplace是跟在介词on后面的宾语从句，且中间插入了一个定语从句whichwillemployamixofvirtualrealityandothertechnologies来修饰先行词metaverse。Essentially,it'saworldofendless,interconnectedvirtualcommunitieswherepeoplecanmeet,workandplay,usingvirtualrealityheadsetsandglasses,smartphonesorotherdevices.从本质上讲，这是一个没有尽头的、相互关联的虚拟世界，人们可以在这里使用虚拟现实耳机、眼镜、智能手机或其他设备一起见面、工作和娱乐。wherepeoplecanmeet,workandplay是修饰先行词communities的定语从句，usingvirtualrealityheadsetsandglasses,smartphonesorotherdevices是现在分词短语作状语。ThereisagrowingconcernaboutFacebooktryingtoleadthewayintoavirtualworldthatcouldrequireevenmorepersonaldataandoffergreaterpotentialforabuseandmisinformationwhenithasn'tfixedthoseproblemsinitscurrentplatforms.越来越多的人担心Facebook试图引领人们进入一个虚拟世界，这就需要更多的个人数据。但在这个平台目前还没有解决这些问题的情况下，它就具有更大的滥用信息和错误信息的可能性。tryingtoleadthewayintoavirtualworld是现在分词作状语，thatcouldrequireevenmorepersonaldataandoffergreaterpotentialforabuseandmisinformationwhenithasn'tfixedthoseproblemsinitscurrentplatforms为定语从句修饰先行词virtualworld,且定语从句中插入了when引导的时间状语从句。福建省仙游一中刘畅推荐4ThenonprofitorganizationTheClubofRomerecentlyconductedastudy.Itpredictsthattheworld'spopulation,whichiscurrently7.96billion,willpeakat8.6billioninthemiddleofthecenturybeforedecliningbynearly2billionbeforethecentury’send.Theforecastisbothgoodandbadnewsforhumanity:adecreasinghumanpopulationwillslightlyreduceEarth’senvironmentalproblems,butitisfarfrombeingthemostimportantfactorinsolvingthem.Andfallingpopulationswillmakehumanityolderasawholeandlowertheproportion(比例)ofworking-agepeople,placingevengreaterpressureontheyoungtopayforhealthcareandlife.TheresearchersfromEarth4All,whichismadeupofenvironmentalscientistsandeconomists,publishedtheirfindingsonMarch27inaworkingpaper.“Weknowrapideconomicdevelopmentinlow-incomecountrieshasahugeimpactonfertilityrates(生育率),”PerEspenStoknes,theprojectleadofEarth4All,saidinastatement.“Earth4Allalsostudiesotherfactorsaffectingfertilityrates,combiningsomechangingfactorsconnectedtotheenvironmentandtheeconomy.Theseincludeenergyenrichment,inequality,foodproduction,incomelevelsandtheimpactsoffutureglobalwarming.”Thisstudyisafollow-uptoTheClubofRome’s1972LimitstoGrowthstudy,whichwarnedtheworldofanupcoming“populationbomb”.Thenewresultisdifferentfromotherrecentpopulationforecasts.Forinstance,in2022,theUnitedNationsestimatedthattheworldpopulationwouldreach9.7billionby2050andriseto10.4billionby2100.Theteamofthenewstudyalsoinvestigatedtheconnectionbetweenpopulationsizesandtheplanet’sabilitytosupporthumanpopulations.Theyfoundthat,contrarytopopularMalthusiannarratives(马尔萨斯人口论),populationsizeisnotthekeyfactordrivingclimatechange.Instead.theyblamedtheworld'srichestindividualsfortheirhighlevelsofconsumptionwhichtheythoughtmustbereduced.“Humanity’smainproblemisluxurycarbonconsumption,notthepopulation,”JorgenRanders,amemberofEarth4Al1,saidinthestatement.1.Accordingtothenewstudy,howwilltheworld'spopulationchange?A.Increaseregularlyonceinawhile.B.Sufferabigdropfromaround2050.C.Meetarecordlowatthecentury'send.D.Achieveanequaldistributionaroundtheworld.2.Whatdoesthenewforecastindicate?A.Moreenergeticworkers.B.Heavierpressureontheyoung.C.Acompletesocialsecuritysystem.D.Anenvironmentallyfriendlyfuture.3.WhatdoPerEspenStoknes'wordsinParagraph3focuson?A.Whatmaycauselowincomes.B.Howtodealwithglobalwarming.C.Whatcontributetofertilityrates'decline.D.Howtoachieverapideconomicdevelopment.4.WhatmayMalthusiannarrativesshow?A.Climatechangeisimpossibletoavoid.B.Theearthisabletoholdhugepopulations.C.Highconsumptionpromoteseconomicgrowth.D.Climatechangemainlyresultsfromhugepopulations.答案：BBCD10个词块注析：1.nonprofitorganization非营利组织2.conductedastudy做了一项研究3.inthemiddleofthecentury在世纪中期4.environmentalproblems环境问题5.placegreaterpressureonsb.给某人施加更大的压力6.inaworkingpaper在初步的论文中7.rapideconomicdevelopment经济的快速增长8.hasahugeimpacton对...产生巨大影响9.afollow-upto...的后续10.contraryto与...相反3个长难句：Itpredictsthattheworld'spopulation,whichiscurrently7.96billion,willpeakat8.6billioninthemiddleofthecenturybeforedecliningbynearly2billionbeforethecentury’send.译文：当前世界人为79.6亿，据预测，本世纪中叶人口将达到86亿的峰值，在本世纪结束前人口将减少近20亿。解析：本句为复合句。predictsthat引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的先行词“worldpopulation”,“willpeak”是宾语从句中真正的谓语。Earth4Allalsostudiesotherfactorsaffectingfertilityrates,combiningsomechangingfactorsconnectedtotheenvironmentandtheeconomy.译文：Earth4All还研究了影响生育率的其他因素，将一些与环境和经济有关的不断变化的因素结合起来。解析：本句中,studies是谓语,affectingfertilityrates为分词短语做factors的后置定语,combining现在分词做伴随状语。Theyfoundthat,contrarytopopularMalthusiannarratives(马尔萨斯人口论),populationsizeisnotthekeyfactordrivingclimatechange.译文：他们发现，与马尔萨斯人口论的流行说法相反，人口数量并不是导致气候变化的关键因素。解析：本句contraryto...为插入语，foundthat引导宾语从句，populationsizeisnotthekeyfactordrivingclimatechange是found的宾语从句。莆田第六中学陈志祥推送5Duringdeepsleep,thebrainappearstowashawaywasteproductsthatincreasetheriskforAlzheimer’sdisease.Ahostofnewresearchstudiessuggestthatthisstageofsleep--whendreamsarerareandthebrainfollowsaslow,steadybeat--canhelpreducelevelsofbeta-amyloidandtauprotein,twocharacteristicsofthedisease.“Thereissomethingaboutthisdeepsleepthatishelpingprotectyou,”saysMatthewWalker,aprofessorofneuroscienceandpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Theresearchcomesafterdecadesofobservationslinkingpoorsleeptolong-termproblemswithmemoryandthinking,Walkersays.“WearenowlearningthatthereisasignificantrelationshipbetweensleepandAlzheimer’sdisease.”Thestrongestevidenceinvolvesdeepsleep,hesays.That’swhenbodytemperaturedropsandthebrainbeginstoproduceslow,rhythmicelectricalwaves.SoWalkerandateamofscientistssetouttoansweraquestion:“CanIlookintoyourfutureandcanIaccuratelyestimatehowmuchbeta-amyloidyou’regoingtoaccumulateoverthenexttwoyears,thenextfouryears,thenextsixyears,simplyonthebasisofyoursleeptonight?”Tofindout,Walker’steamstudied32peopleintheir70swhohadtakenpartinasleepstudythatlookedfortheslowelectricalwavesthatsignaldeepsleep.Noneoftheparticipantshadmemoryproblems.Thescientistsusedbrainscanstomonitorlevelsofbeta-amyloidineachparticipantforuptosixyears.Andtheresults,publishedintheNov.2issueofthejournalCurrentBiology,showedpeoplewhogotlessdeepsleephadmorebeta-amyloid.“WehaveaspecificsleepsignaturerightnowthatseemstohelpusbetterunderstandwhereyoumaysitontheAlzheimer’srisktrackinthefuture”,Walkersays.Otherstudieshavefoundthatalackofdeepsleepisassociatedwithhigherlevelsoftauprotein,whichformsharmfulsubstancesinsidethebraincellsandcausesAlzheimer’sdisease.32.Whichofthefollowingisrelatedtodeepsleep?A.Disorderedheartbeat.B.Increasedwasteproducts.C.Decreasedbeta-amyloidandtauprotein.D.Highfrequencyofsweetdreams.33.Whatdothescientistsfindfromthestudy?A.Thereisalwaysabodytemperatureriseduringdeepsleep.B.Thelevelofbeta-amyloidremainsstableregardlessofsleepquality.DeepsleepreducesthepossibilityofdevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease.Peoplewithlesssleeparemorelikelytohavememoryproblems.HowdoestauproteinleadtoAlzheimer’sdisease?Byproducingdamagingmatter. Byinfluencingsleepquality.Byslowingelectricalwaves. Byreducingbrainactivity.35.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.GoodsleepcomesfromgoodlifestyleB.DeepsleeppreventsAlzheimer’sdiseaseC.ScientistsfoundouthowtohavedeepsleepD.Problemswithmemoryandthinkingcanbesolved答案：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在深度睡眠期间，大脑似乎会洗掉增加患阿尔茨海默病风险的废物，从而帮助预防阿尔茨海默病。32．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Ahostofnewresearchstudiessuggestthatthisstageofsleep--whendreamsarerareandthebrainfollowsaslow,steadybeat--canhelpreducelevelsofbeta-amyloidandtauprotein,twocharacteristicsofthedisease.(许多新的研究表明，这一睡眠阶段——很少做梦，大脑遵循缓慢而稳定的节奏——可以帮助降低β-淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白的水平，这是这种疾病的两个特征。)”可知，与深度睡眠有关的是β-淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白减少。故选C。33．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Ahostofnewresearchstudiessuggestthatthisstageofsleep--whendreamsarerareandthebrainfollowsaslow,steadybeat--canhelpreducelevelsofbeta-amyloidandtauprotein,twocharacteristicsofthedisease.(许多新的研究表明，这一睡眠阶段——很少做梦，大脑遵循缓慢而稳定的节奏——可以帮助降低β-淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白的水平，这是这种疾病的两个特征。)”和最后一段的“Otherstudieshavefoundthatalackofdeepsleepisassociatedwithhigherlevelsoftauprotein,whichformsharmfulsubstancesinsidethebraincellsandcausesAlzheimer’sdisease.(其他研究发现，深度睡眠不足与tau蛋白水平升高有关。tau蛋白会在脑细胞内形成有害物质，导致阿尔茨海默病。)”可知，科学家们从研究中发现深度睡眠可以降低患阿尔茨海默氏症的可能性，故选C。34．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Otherstudieshavefoundthatalackofdeepsleepisassociatedwithhigherlevelsoftauprotein,whichformsharmfulsubstancesinsidethebraincellsandcausesAlzheimer’sdisease.(其他研究发现，深度睡眠不足与tau蛋白水平升高有关。tau蛋白会在脑细胞内形成有害物质，导致阿尔茨海默病。)”可知，tau蛋白通过产生有害物质导致阿尔茨海默病，故选A。35．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Duringdeepsleep,thebrainappearstowashawaywasteproductsthatincreasetheriskforAlzheimer’sdisease.(在深度睡眠期间，大脑似乎会洗掉增加患阿尔茨海默病风险的废物。)”可知，本文主要讲的是在深度睡眠期间，大脑似乎会洗掉增加患阿尔茨海默病风险的废物，也就是深度睡眠可以预防阿尔茨海默病，因此最好的题目是B选项“DeepsleeppreventsAlzheimer’sdisease(深度睡眠可以预防老年痴呆症)”，故选B。词块注释：washaway冲走ahostof许多；很多3.link...to将...和...联系起来4.setout出发，启程；开始（着手）5.lookinto朝...里面看；调查，研究；lookintothefuture展望未来6.takepartin参加，参与7.lookfor寻找；找寻8.beassociatedwith与...有联系9.onthebasisof,,,基于...；在...基础上=bebasedoninone’s70s在某人七十几岁时长难句分析:Ahostofnewresearchstudiessuggestthatthisstageofsleep--whendreamsarerareandthebrainfollowsaslow,steadybeat--canhelpreducelevelsofbeta-amyloidandtauprotein,twocharacteristicsofthedisease.许多新的研究表明，睡眠的这一阶段——做梦很少，大脑缓慢而稳定地跳动——可以帮助降低β淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白的水平，这是该疾病的两个特征。这是一个复合句，包含一个宾语从句。主句Ahostofnewresearchstudiessuggest和一个宾语从句thatthisstageofsleep--...canhelpreduce...。宾语从句中包含一个时间状语从句whendreamsarerareandthebrainfollowsaslow,steadybeat,和一个宾语同位语twocharacteristicsofthedisease。2.“CanIlookintoyourfutureandcanIaccuratelyestimatehowmuchbeta-amyloidyou’regoingtoaccumulateoverthenexttwoyears,thenextfouryears,thenextsixyears,simplyonthebasisofyoursleeptonight?”“我能展望你的未来吗？我能仅仅根据你今晚的睡眠情况，准确估计你在未来两年、四年、六年内会积累多少β淀粉样蛋白吗？”这各句子由并列连词and连接两个并列句组成的一般疑问句，其中第二个疑问句包含一个主句canIaccuratelyestimate和一个宾语从句howmuchbeta-amyloidyou’regoingtoaccumulate...thenextsixyears。而介词短语simplyonthebasisofyoursleeptonight单独逗号隔开作状语修饰主句canIaccuratelyestimate。3.Otherstudieshavefoundthatalackofdeepsleepisassociatedwithhigherlevelsoftauprotein,whichformsharmfulsubstancesinsidethebraincellsandcausesAlzheimer’sdisease.其他研究发现，缺乏深度睡眠与tau蛋白水平较高有关，tau蛋白在脑细胞内形成有害物质，并导致阿尔茨海默病。这是一个复合句，包含主句Otherstudieshavefound...和一个宾语从句thatalackofdeepsleepisassociatedwithhigherlevelsoftauprotein,whichforms...andcausesAlzheimer’sdisease.宾语从句中含有一个非限制性定语从句whichformsharmfulsubstancesinsidethebraincellsandcausesAlzheimer’sdisease.关系代词which指代前面先行词tauprotein。莆田第十中学陈建新推送6Personalizedmedicinechangesconventionalmedicinewhichtypicallyoffersblanketrecommendationsandofferstreatmentsdesignedtohelpmorepeoplethantheyharmbutthatmightnotworkforyou.Theapproachrecognizesweeachpossessuniquecharacteristics,andthattheyhaveanoutsizeimpactonourhealth.Aroundtheworld,researchersarecreatingprecisiontoolsunimaginablejustadecadeago:superfastDNAsequencing（测序），tissueengineering，cellreprogramming,geneediting,andmore.Thescienceandtechnologysoonwillmakeitpossibletopredictyourriskofcancer,heartdisease,andcountlessotherillnessesyearsbeforeyougetsick.Theworkalsooffersprospectsforchanginggenesinremovingsomediseases.Lastspring,researchersattheNationalCancerInstitutereportedthedramaticrecoveryofawomanwithbreastcancer,JudyPerkins.TheTeam,ledbyStevenRosenberg，animmune（免疫的）treatmentpioneer，hadsequencedhercancercells'DNAtoanalyzethechangesinthegeneticstructure.Theteamalsoextractedasamplingofimmunecellsandtestedthemtoseewhichonesrecognizedhercancercells'geneticfaults.ThescientistsreproducedthewinningimmunecellsbythebillionsandputthemintoPerkinstoattackhercancercells.Morethantwoyearslater,Perkins,aretiredengineerfromFlorida,showsnosignsofcancer.Thirtyyearsago,scientiststhoughtthatitwouldbeimpossibletounderstandourgeneticrulesandsequencethe3.2billionpairsofdifferentelementsinourDNA.“Itwaslikeyouweretalkingfairytales,"RazelleKurzroc