跨文化交际Unit3市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

Unit3

CulturalDiversity1/21WarmUp

FriendshipsChina:Peoplearewillingtobeindebtedandtorepaythedebtmorethanowned.U.S.:Peoplevaluemoreindividualachievementandindependenceratherthanrelationshipwithoneanother,notwillingtoputthemselvesinothers’debt.2/21DifferentLands,DifferentFriendshipsIneverycountrypeoplevaluefriendship.Thedifficultyisnotalackofappreciationoffriendship,butdifferentexpectationsaboutwhatconstitutesfriendshipandhowitcomesintobeing.3/21Whoisafriend?WhatdoesaFrenchmanmeanwhenhesays:“Thisismygoodfriend.”“Thisismyfriend.”Whoisclosertohim?

Simpletranslationfromonelanguagetoanotherisdifficult.4/21FriendshipsincomparisonAmericanfriendships:superficial,casual,situationalordeepandenduringFrenchfriendships:areofthesamesex,basicallybetweenmen;demandsakeenawarenessoftheother’sintellect,temperamentandinterests;arecompartmentalize;notpartoffamilylifeGermanfriendships:moreamatteroffeeling,havemuchtodowithfamilyEnglishfriendships:basedonsharedactivities5/21CommonElementsinFriendshipsofDifferentStylesFriendship,incontrastwithkinship,isamatteroffreechoiceThesenseofbeingaspecialindividualInevitablyakindofequalityofgive-and-take6/21SomeToolsforComparingandContrastingCulturesKluckhohn&Strodtbeck’sModel(PP.85-89)Hofstede’sModel(PP.99-105)Hall’sHigh-Context&Low-ContextCultures(PP.110-115)7/21Kluckhohn&Strodtbeck’sModelFivebasicorientations:Humannature:good/evil?Relationshipofmantonature:Mansubjugatedbynature;Maninharmonywithnature;ManthemasterofnatureSenseoftime:past,present,orfuture-orientedActivity:being,growing,ordoingSocialrelationships:authoritarian,group-oriented,orindividualistic8/21Hofstede’sModelFivedimensions:IndividualismversuscollectivismUncertaintyavoidancePowerdistanceMasculinityversusfemininityLong-termversusshort-termorientation9/21IndividualismversuscollectivismThedegreetowhichaculturereliesonandhasallegiancetotheselforthegroupIndividualism:e.g.Australia,Belgium,theNetherland,andtheU.S.Collectivism:e.g.Guatemala,Indonesia,Pakistan,andChina10/21IndividualismIndividual:primarysourceofmotivationIndependence,privacy,self,andtheall-importantIHighlyindividualistic,believingthatpeopleareonlysupposedtotakecareofthemselves,andperhapstheirimmediatefamilyDecisionmaking:basedonwhatisgoodfortheindividual,notforthegroupDealingwithinterpersonalproblems:confrontationalstrategies11/21CollectivismGroup:themostimportantsocialunitsGroup-oriented,requiringanabsoluteloyaltytothegroupObligationstothegroup,dependenceoftheindividualonorganizationsandinstitutions,a“we”consciousness,andanemphasisonbelongingDecisionmaking:basedonwhatisbestforthegroupDealingwithinterpersonalproblems:avoidance,third-partyintermediaries,ortheotherface-savingtechniquesTheingroupandtheoutgroup12/21Hofstede’sModelUncertaintyavoidance:theextenttowhichtheculturefeelsthreatenedbyambiguous,uncertainsituationsandtriestoavoidthembyestablishingmorestructurePowerdistance:thedegreetowhichtheculturebelievesthatinstitutionalandorganizationalpowershouldbedistributedunequallyandthedecisionsofthepowerholdersshouldbechallengedoracceptedMasculinityversusfemininity(achievement-nurturance):thedegreetowhichaculturevaluessuchbehaviorsasassertivenessandtheacquisitionofwealthorcaringforothersandthequalityoflifeLong-termversusshort-termorientation:time-orientation,aperson’spointofreferenceaboutlifeandwork13/21Hall’sHigh-Context&Low-ContextCulturesHigh-ContextCultures/Communicatione.g.Japanese,Chinese,KoreanculturesLow-ContextCultures/Communicatione.g.German-Swiss,German,Scandinavian,Americancultures14/21High-ContextCommunicationorMessageMostoftheinformationisinthecontextorinternalizedintheperson;Verylittleisininthecoded,explicitpartofthemessage;Communicationpatternsofindirectverbalmode;Listeners“readbetweenthelines”toinfertheimplicitintentoftheverbalmessage;Listenersneedtoobservethenonverbalnuanccesandsubtletiesthataccompanyandenhancetheverbalmessage;Stresstheimportanceofmultilayeredcontexts15/21Low-ContextCommunicationorMessageMostoftheinformationisgivenintheexplicitcode;Thecontextorsituationplaysaminimalrole;Communicationpatternsofdirectverbalmode;Speakerssendclear,persuasivemessagethatlistenerscaneasilydecodeimplicitintentoftheverbalmessage;Stresstheimportanceofexplicitverbalmessagestoconveypersonalthoughts,opinions,andfeelings.16/21Hall’sHigh-Context&Low-ContextCultures“Iloveyou.Doyouloveme?”C:(blushing)Youguess…

A:(smiling)Iloveyoumore.你问我爱你有多深

我爱你有几分

你去想一想

你去看一看

月亮代表我心17/21CaseStudyANewProcedureMs.Cooper:Thenewtrackingprocedurehasn’tworked,hasit?Mr.Wong:Thereweresomesmallproblems.Ms.Cooper:Whoseideawasitanyway?Mr.Wong:Weneedtolearnfromthislesson.Ms.Cooper:Yes.ItcamefromMr.Tung’sdivision,didn’tit?Mr.Wong:Manypeopleworkedonthisproposal.18/21CaseStudy9HierarchicalstructureinJapan:Dependingmainlyonseniority,socialrolesandgenderPeopleinlowerpositionsshouldbeloyalandobedienttoauthorityAmericanculture:peopleareencouragedtochallengeauthorityandvoicetheirownopinions.19/21CaseStudy10Whatisacompany?ThecompanyinJapan:abigfamilyManagertakecareofemployeesandtheemployeesareexpectedtodevotethemselves(evensacrificetheirowninterests)tothedevelopmentofthecompanyThecompanyinFrance:aloosely-knitso