unit1-Art-Grammar市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

虚拟语气

SubjunctiveMoodGRAMMAR语法英语组吴荔华5/8/20241/70一.语气分类

英语动词普通可带三种不一样语气:陈说语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.不一样语气用动词不一样形式来表示。1.陈说语气(TheindicativeMood)用来陈说一个事实,或提出一个看法,有必定，否定，疑问或感叹等形式。Iamnotinterestedinwhatyousaid.

HaveyoueverbeentoFrance?Whatasplendidpalace!2.祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)用来表示请求，邀请，命令，警告或劝说等.Let’shaveatalk.

Don’tjumpinthequeue.2/703.虚拟语气(TheSubjunctiveMood)一是表示说话人所说话不是事实,而是一个假设,愿望,怀疑或推测(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人愿望、要求、命令、提议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。IfIwere

abird,Iwouldflyhigh.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotolabthisafternoon.5/8/20243/70SubjunctiveMood

虚拟语气

虚拟语气在‘if’条件句中使用方法（分四点）虚拟语气在名词性从句中使用方法（分四点）虚拟语气其它使用方法（分四点）4/70虚拟语气在if条件句中一、在条件句(叫虚拟条件句)中，表示与事实相反条件。分三种情况(以do为例)：表示与事实情况相反

条件从句谓语形式

主句谓语形式1.表示现在情况 过去式(did)(be惯用were)would/could/might/should+do2.表示过去情况 过去完成式(had+done) 4个情态动词+havedone3.表示未来情况 ①过去式(did)②should+do③weretodo 4个情态动词+do5/701）表示与现在事实相反

条件从句

主句

普通过去时（be多用于were)would/should/could/might＋动词原形eg.IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.假如我有空，我就去那儿。6/70What

would

youdoifyou

won

thelottery?IfI

wonthelottery,I

would…IfI

had

alotofmoneynow,I

would

travelaroundtheworld.7/70IfI

won

thelottery,I

wouldbuyanexpensivecar.

8/70IfI

had

alotofmoney

I

would

buyavilla.9/70a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.10/70c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)fortheteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask11/702）与过去事实相反

条件从句

主句

过去完成时

would/should/could/might＋havedone

eg.

Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldn´thavemissedthebus.假如你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。12/70Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

13/70IfI________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

14/70a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.15/70c.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone16/703）与未来事实可能相反条件从句

主句

普通过去时（be多用were）should+dowereto+do

would/should/could/might＋动词原形

eg.Ifhe

wereto

come,what

should

wesaytohim?假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？

17/70Ifhe

got

upearly,

he

wouldbe

ontime.18/70假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifhe

wereto

come,what

should

wesaytohim.假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifhe

should

seeme,he

would

knowme.19/70a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanks20/70c.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,here________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe21/70条件从句If从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在过去时(were)would/could/should/might+V.(原)Review:虚拟语气在条件状语从句中使用方法。22/70条件从句If从句谓语形式主句谓语形式过去过去完成时would/could/should/might+have+p.p.23/70条件从句If从句谓语形式主句谓语形式未来1.过去时2.should+V.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)24/70[例句]Ifyouhad

comeafewminutesearlier,youwould

havemethim.

要是你早来几分钟话，你就能见到他了。2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.

明天要是天气好话，我来看你。3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.

假如我是你话，我会马上走。25/70二、混合条件句:主句与从句动作发生在不一样时间,这时主从句位于动词虚拟语气形式因时间不一样而不一样。例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.26/70Ifthestaff

hadbeen

morecareful,

themall

wouldnotbe

onfirenow.27/70也称错综时间条件句Iftheyhadstudiedhard,theycoulddoiteasilynow.

假如他们以前努力学习话，现在干就会轻易些。

2.Ifhehadnottakenmyadvice,hewouldn'tdoitmuchbetterlikethis.

假如他不听取我提议，他就不会干得这么好。28/70三、if省略假如条件句中有were,had,should等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表示以if引导条件句相同意思。eg.Shoulditrain/wereittoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Hadheseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.29/70四、含蓄条件句

即用butfor(要不是),without,otherwise(不然),inthatcase(假如是那样话),表示含蓄条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气

eg.Without/Butforhishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.＝Iftherehadn’tbeen/wehadn’tgothishelp,wewouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.30/70Practice:Fillintheblankswithproperforms:He_________(tell)youifhe______(know),I’msure.2.IfI____(have)moretime,I___________(learn)anotherforeignlanguage.3.Ifhe______(be)here,he__________(show)ushowtoperformtheexperiment.4.IfI______(be)you,I_________(pay)moreattentiontoEnglishidioms.5.I___________(help)youifI______(can).6.IfI____________(receive)youre-mail,I____________________(answer)itlongago.wouldtellknewhadwouldlearnwerewerecouldwouldshowwouldpaywouldhelphadreceivedwouldhaveanswered31/707.Ifyou___________(start)theworkearlier,you___________________(finish)itbynow.8.Ifwe__________(notrely)onourownstreng-thwe________________(die)ofstarvation.9.IfI__________(know)youraddress,I____________________(write)toyouthen.10.IfI___________(notbe)busy,I____________(come)tohelp.11.Ifwe___________(start)outfiveminuteslater,we__________________(miss)thetrain.12.You_______________(meet)thefamousscientistifyou__________(come)yesterday.hadstartedwouldhavefinishedhadn’treliedwouldhavediedhadknownhadn’tbeenwouldhavemissedwouldwouldhavecomehadstartedhadcomewouldhavemethavewritten32/7013.IfI__________(tell)him,he__________(be)greatlysurprised.14.IfI__________(do)it,I______probably_____(do)itinthesameway.15.Ifhe_______________(be)heretomorrow,you___________(ask)himaboutityourself.16.We_________(be)verypleasedifyou______________(attend)thegatheringtonight.17.I___________(ask)himtoringyouupifI____________________________(see)him.18.Ifyou___________(canget)backnextweek,we_________(go)campingtogether.weretotellwouldbewouldwere/shouldbewerewouldaskcouldaskwouldbetoattendsaw/shouldsee/weretoseecouldgetwouldgoweretododo33/70真实条件句时态关系

句型:条件从句主句

普通现在时shall/will+动词原形eg.Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.a.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现,采取虚拟语气。

b.

真实条件句表示条件是真或有可能实现,采取陈说语气。34/70Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.

A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B真实条件句主句为未来时,从句用普通现在时。35/70注意：在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示未来,该用shall,will.(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.36/702)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用普通现在时动词形式。37/70虚拟语气在名词性从句中一、用于主语从句中:(1)用在Itissuggested/requested/demandedordered/desired/proposed/advised/insisted+that从句中,从句用(should)+动词原形:

eg:It’ssuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.Itwasorderedthatthewoundedsoldiers

besenttothefieldhospitalatonce.主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句38/70(2)用在Itisnecessary/important/strange/odd/natural/surprising/essential/best/vital/shocking/sad/regrettable/apity/ashame/nowonder+that从句中,从句经惯用(should)+动词原形

:

eg.Itisnecessarythatthecustomsofallnationalminoritiesberespected.Itisstrangethatheshouldhavesaidso.It’sapitythatIshoulddoitagain.Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesocareless.ItisnotsurprisingthatAlfredshouldhavemarriedAmy.39/70但(2)部分也可不用虚拟语气:

eg.Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.Itisstrangethathedidn’tcomeyesterday.40/70二.用于宾语从句中：（1）在动词wish后宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去事实相反,或对未来主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词普通用were)。41/70IwishI

were

astallasyou.42/70IwishI

were

abird.43/70Iwisheveryday

were

mybirthday.44/70Iwish/wishedI

hadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.2)表示对过去情况虚拟:从句动词惯用“had＋过去分词”。45/70Thepartywasterrible,IwishI

hadnevergonetoit.46/703)表示对未来主观愿望:从句动词形式为“would＋动词原形”。注意:主句主语与从句主语不能相同,因为主句主语所期望从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语态度或意愿(非动物名词除外)。希望你立刻来。Iwishyou

wouldcomesoon.47/70Iwishit

wouldraintomorrow.48/70eg.1.Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.

我希望她能站在我一边。

2.IwishIwere30yearsyounger.

我希望自己能年轻三十岁。3.Iwish(that)youwouldgetagoodjob.

我希望你能找到一个好职业。4.Hewishedhehadn'tdoneit.

他想要是他没这么做该多好。Summary:wish接宾语从句有三种情况：1)现在：用过去式2)过去：用过去完成式(haddone)3)未来：用情态动词(would/could)+do49/70(2)表示提议(suggest,advice,propose,recommend)，要求(demand,request,require,insist),命令(order,command)等动词后面接宾语从句用should+do组成,should能够省略。eg.Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.

他要求学生每七天都要自己洗衣服。50/70注意：insist/suggest各有两种意思,要用不一样语气insist表示“果断要求”时,用虚拟形式,即should+do;insist表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈说语气，表示事实。suggest表示“提议”时，用虚拟形式。suggest表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈说语气。eg.Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.

老师提议我们课后把黑板擦了。2)Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.

他坚持要我们大家想尽方法按时去那儿。

3)Heinsistedthathewasright.

51/70（3）would/hadrather(宁愿)引导宾语从句中

当从句表示现在或未来时间时,谓语动词要用普通过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词要用过去完成时。

eg.

Iwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.

Iwouldratheryouhadn’tdoneit.52/70(1)在advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion等后面表语从句中:eg.Myadviceisthathewaittillnextweek.Hersuggestionisthatweshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.(2)当asif,asthough引导表语从句时:eg.Helooksasifhewereanartist.

Theyappearasthoughtheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.三、用于表语从句中：53/70同位语从句先行词常是advice,demand,order,proposal,request,suggestion（表示说话人愿望、提议、要求、命令）等名词。eg.Thesuggestionthatstudents(should)learnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch.(值班)四、用于同位语从句中：54/70虚拟语气其它使用方法一、由asif(asthough)或eventhough(evenif)引导状语从句表示比较或方式时,从句谓语形式为动词过去式(be用were)或“had＋过去分词”。eg.ShetalksaboutRomeasthoughshe

hadbeenthereherself.HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.55/70Hebehavesasifhe

owned

thehouse.56/70注意:假如表示事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中谓语动词可用陈说语气。eg.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.

EvenifIhavetowalkalltheway,I’llgetthere.

57/70二、当incase,lest,forfearthat等引导状语从句时,从句用(should)+原形动词。eg.

Bequietincaseyoushouldwakethebaby.Ishallringyouuplestyou(should)forgettocome.Itookanumbrellaalongwithmeforfearthatitshould/mightrain.在这类情况中,incase引导状语从句也可不用虚拟语气,如:

eg.Takeyourumbrella,incaseitrains.

58/70三、ifonly意为：若是...那该多好啊表示现在情况,应用过去式;假如是过去情况,应用过去完成时态eg.

Ifonlyshedidn’tdrivesofast.

IfonlyIwereabird!IfonlyIhadarrivedintime!

IfonlyIhadn’tlostit!59/70四、在Itis(high)timethat句型中,定语从句谓语动词用过去时,或should+动词原形(should不能省略):eg.

Itis(high)timethatyouwenttoschool.

It’stimeyoudidsomethingaboutit.

Itis(high)timethatweshouldstartout.60/70虚拟语气高考链接1.——Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?——I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(NMET)A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did析:此题A、D显著不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为wouldhave则成立，能够了解为IwouldhavecomeifIhadn’thadanunexpectedvisitor.简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有wasgoingto可得体地表示“我原本打算去，不过有不速之客造访”这一意思。

61/702.Iftherewerenosubjunctive,English______mucheasier.(NMET)A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe析：观察题干，可知全句表示是与现在事实相反虚拟语气。故答案为D。

虚拟语气高考链接3.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody______therules.(NMET)A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey析：依据insist后宾语从句谓语要用(should)do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。62/70虚拟语气高考链接4.IwishI_____youyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee析：此题表与过去事实相反原望，答案应为C。

5.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.(NMET)A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述是与现在事实相反虚拟语气，故答案为D。

63/706.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlookasifit_____.(NMET)A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken析；放入水中铅笔看上去是断，但实际上并非如此，所以是与现在事实相反，这时asif从句谓语要用普通过去时，故答案为C。

虚拟语气高考链接64/707._____it_____foryourhelp,Icouldn

thavemadeanyprogress.A.Had;notbeenB.Should;notbeC.Did;notbeD.Not;be析：依据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用haddone形式，故应选A，Haditnotbeenforyourhelp＝Ifithad