药学英语I智慧树知到期末考试答案章节答案2024年山东中医药大学

药学英语I智慧树知到期末考试答案+章节答案2024年山东中医药大学thenumberofnaturalproductsusedindrugsisstillsizable,comprisingnearlyallprescriptionswritten.（）

答案:错Reserpinandvincaleukoblastinerepresentthemostimportantplant-derivedmedicinalsintroducedintomedicinebyourgeneration.（）

答案:对Sincedifferentpartsofagivenplantmatureatdifferentseasons,collectingthemedicinalpartattherighttimerequiresnoattention.（）

答案:错Forphysicaldependence,oncethedrugiswithdrawn,unpleasantsymptomsandsignsofaphysicalnaturedevelopwhichmaylastforaperiodandwon’tdisappear.（）

答案:错Aswelooktothepast,morphineandquininerepresentclassicexamplesofearlyplant-derivedmedicinals.（）

答案:对Sincemanydrugplantshaverathercomplicatedchemicalcompositionsandanalyticaltechnologyhasnotbeenadequateindeterminingtheiridentitiesandqualitiesonceextractsaremadefromthem,adulteration,sophistication,orsubstitutionhasbeencommon.（）

答案:对Mostexpertsbelievethatanabroad-spectrumantibioticispreferabletonarrow-spectrumone.（）

答案:错Manyvarietiesofplantsaregrownthroughoutthecountryanduptothepresenttime,morethan2,000medicinalherbshavebeenidentifiedandcollected.（）

答案:对Fruitsandvegetablesarerichinvariousantioxidants,whichcankilloxygenfreeradicalsthoughttoinducecellcarcinogenesis.（）

答案:对Toxicologyisthataspectofpharmacologythatdealswiththeadverseeffectsofdrugs.（）

答案:对Organicchemistsandbiochemistsderivenaturalproductsfromplantandanimalsources.（）

答案:对Thosediseasesaboutwhichthesumofmedicalknowledgeisgreatestwillbemostcurable.（）

答案:对AcupunctureistheonlybranchofChinesetraditionalmedicine.（）

答案:错Carefulcontroloftheuseofantibioticscanalsohelpslowtheprogressofbacterialresistance.（）

答案:对Anyonewhowantstouseamedicineneedscertaininformationtoenablehimtouseittothebesteffectandtoeliminatetheriskofharm.（）

答案:错Cancerdevelopsoveralongtime,whichmeansthatyouhaveyears-typicallydecades-inwhichtohinderorpromoteit.Researchersfoundthatwhatyoueatmaynotinterferewithcancergrowthatanystages.（）

答案:错Salesrepresentativesofpharmaceuticalmanufacturershavereceivedspecialtrainingtopromoteanewproduct.（）

答案:对FDAtookactiononpetitionsandapplicationsforapprovalofdrugsandfoodadditives,notonmedicatedfeeds.（）

答案:错It’sironicthatmillionsofpeoplewhowouldn’tdreamofusingillegaldrugscould,byabusingaprescriptionmedicine,causeapublic-healthcrisisofharrowingproportions.（）

答案:对Seventyyearsago,adversereactionswereacceptedmorereadilythantheyaretoday.（）

答案:对WhatarethemeritsofHPLCorGCmethods?（）

答案:excellentprecisionandaccuracy###highspeed###goodspecificity###simplicityMostnaturalproductsareintheformof（）

答案:fixedoils###extracts###volatileoils###oleoresins（）areusedalmostexclusivelyforidentificationofunknownproducts.

答案:nuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy(NMR)###infraredspectroscopy(IR)###massspectroscopy(MS)Drugdevelopmentstrategiesinclude（）.

答案:Molecularroulette###Clinicalobservationofdrugactioninpractice###Minorstructuralchangesinexistingagents###Serendipity,luckandintuitionDrugdevelopmentaimstoproduceanoveltherapeuticagentwhichis（）?

答案:causeslesssevereadverseeffects###superiorinefficacytoexistingremedies###causeslessfrequent###cheaperaddictive的中文意思是：（）

答案:上瘾的carcinogen的中文意思是：（）

答案:致癌物metabolism的中文意思是：（）

答案:新陈代谢Duringexperimentalpharmacology,whichoneofthefollowingattentionmustbepaidto?（）

答案:carcinogenicitybiologically-active（）

答案:生物活性的Fromtheresponsesasecondconsensusofminimuminformationwaspreparedforeachmedicine,together____draftsuggestionsforadditionalinformation.（）

答案:withtoxicologist的中文意思是：（）

答案:毒理学者Someofthefood,drug,andcosmeticingredientsarepurechemicals________fromplants,animalsormicrobes.（）

答案:isolatedMedicationsforfood-producinganimals,oftenmixedwithfeeds,areclosely___becauseremainingdrugresiduesintheanimaltissueareultimatelyconsumedatdinnertables.（）

答案:monitoredWhatweredrugsderivedfrominthepast？（）

答案:NaturalplantandanimalWhatisthefirststageofhumanevaluation?（）

答案:Asmallstudyofnormalvolunteersmolecularbiology（）

答案:分子生物学genetics的中文意思是：（）

答案:遗传的Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?（）

答案:lycopeneisnotanantioxidantthatinhibitstheoxygenfreeradicalsthattriggercancer.Howmanystagescanclinicalevaluationofanewdrugbedividedinto?（）

答案:fourWhichofthefollowingmodelsarenotemployedinexperimentalpharmacology?（）

答案:Pig_______themethodofmeasurement,theproceduremustbecarefullydesignedtoavoidchemicalinterferences.（）

答案:RegardlessofWhichofthefollowingtechniquesarenotusedforidentificationofunknownproducts?（）

答案:thinlayerchromatographyhypertension（）

答案:低血糖antimalarial的中文意思是：（）

答案:抗疟疾的hypoglycemia的中文意思是：（）

答案:低血糖Whatspeciescanbestudiedinorderthatchronictoxicitytestingismorerelevanttoclinicalapplications？（）

答案:DogandratInordertodetectsmallchangesreliablywithalimitednumberofreplicateassaysateachtimepoint,theanalysismustbe（）?

答案:freeof“drift”duetochangesininstruments,standards,operatorsInthepastthree___thebiologicalscienceshaveundergoneamajorredirectiontowardmolecularunderstandingofbiologicalsystems.（）

答案:decadesBelowtheselayersofprejudiceandignorance,thererunsamuchdeeperandmoreviolentobjectiontotheuseofherbswhichcanbesummedupinoneword:.（）

答案:unscientificForcenturiesthenativesofIndiachewedRauwolfiaforits__effect.（）

答案:valuablethedosecausing50maximumpharmacologicalresponseiscalled（）.

答案:ED50molecularstructures（）

答案:分子结构herbalmedicine的中文意思是：（）

答案:草药acidification的中文意思是：（）

答案:酸化Whoplaysavitalroleinunderstandingtheunderlyingbiologicalmechanisms?（）

答案:Biochemistsandphysiologists###Nutritionists###Microbiologists###Pharmacologists###EndocrinologistsMorphine,quinine,digitalis,ergotandatropinewerederivedfromplantsources,andtheirtherapeuticuseswerebasedonancientserendipitousdiscoveries.（）

答案:对Today’susefuldrugsarisefrom（）

答案:chemicalsynthesis###naturalproducts###combinationsofbothsourcesOrganicchemistsandbiochemistsderivenaturalproductsfrom（）.

答案:animal###microbial###plant###marineorganismsAstheabilitiesofchemiststosynthesize,isolate,andcharacterizenewcompoundsgrewandasbiologistslearnedmoreabouttheactionofdrugsandaboutbiologicalmechanismsinhealthanddisease,thesearchfornewdrugsgraduallytookonamorerationalbasis.（）

答案:对What’sthereasonforthesearchfornewdrugsgraduallytookonamorerationalbasis?（）

答案:biologistslearnedmoreabouttheactionofdrugs###theabilitiesofchemiststosynthesize,isolate,andcharacterizenewcompoundsgrew###biologistslearnedmoreaboutthebiologicalmechanismsinhealthanddiseaseInthepastthreedecadesthebiologicalscienceshaveundergoneamajorredirectiontowardmolecularunderstandingofbiologicalsystems.（）

答案:对Becauseoftheawesomecomplexityofbiologicalmacromolecules,progressinquantitativeunderstandingofphysicalorelectronicinteractionsofdrugswithkeybiologicalsystemshasbeenslowandtortuous.（）

答案:对Organicchemistsinthepharmaceuticalindustrysynthesizehundredsofnewcompoundseveryday.（）

答案:错Themainlimitationtotherationaldesignofnewdrugentitiesis（）.

答案:lackofdetailedchemicalandphysicalunderstandingofcomplexbiologicalsystemsinhealthyanddiseasedstatesTherelativeemphasiswhichtheAgencyplacesonthevoluntaryrouteversustheenforcementroutevariesgreatlyfromtime-to-time.（）

答案:对Thisvoluntarycomplianceisencouragedbyaparallelprogramofregulatoryenforcementviaproductsampling,batchtesting,marketplacesurveys,plantinspections,andsoon.（）

答案:对FDA’sgoalinclude（）.

答案:alloftheseproductsarehonestlyandinformativelylabeled###drugs,biologicalproductsandmedicaldevicesaresafeandeffective###theuseofradiologicalproductsdoesnotresultinunnecessaryexposuretoradiation###foodissafeandwholesome###cosmeticsaresafeOnlypartoftheestablishmentsintheUnitedStatesareinspectedbyFDAatonetimeoranother.（）

答案:错weexpectthatthepoliceforcewillbehaveinamannerthatwarrantsthetrustandrespectofbothchildrenandadults.（）

答案:对AmongthemanyFederalregulatoryagencies,noothertouchestheday-to-daylifeofcitizenssodirectlyasFDA.（）

答案:对FDAhasresponsibilitytooverseethepurity,quality,identity,safety,usefulness,andrelatedcharacteristicsofthenation’sfood,drug,andcosmeticsupply.（）

答案:对FDAmustrelyonthevoluntarycomplianceofthosewhooperatewithintheprofessionsandindustriesthatareresponsiblefortheproductsoverwhichtheFDAhasjurisdiction.（）

答案:对TheFoodandDrugAdministrationhasbeendescribedastheprincipalconsumerprotectionagencyoftheFederalGovernment.（）

答案:对What’sthenatureandusesofAspirin？（）

答案:Forsymptomaticreliefofminorachesandpains,suchasheadache,menstrualpains,butnotforuseinstomachpainorindigestion.###Torelieveinflammationinrheumaticdisease.###Painrelieverandfeverreducer;alsoreducesinflammation.###Forsymptomaticreductionoftransientfever,asin“flu”.Fortheproject,theoutlineplaninclude（）.

答案:Natureandusesexcretion###Unwantedeffects###Dosageandadministration###KeepingqualitiesandstorageconditionsWhat’stheUnwantedeffectsofAspirin？（）

答案:stomachbleeding###heartburn###stomachdiscomfortNatureanduses:afewwordsaboutthenatureofthemedicine,thepurposesforwhichitissuitable,and(ifconsiderednecessary)certainpurposesforwhichitshouldnotbeused.Categoriesofpeoplewhoshouldnotuseitneednotbeincluded.（）

答案:错Whatinformationisessentialdependsprimarilyontheculturalsettingofitsuseandtheeducationalattainmentoftheuser.（）

答案:错Theminimum-informationapproachcouldhelpconsiderablyinattemptstodeveloppackageinsertsforpatients.（）

答案:对Noteveryonewantstouseamedicineneedscertaininformationtoenablehimtouseittothebesteffectandtominimisetheriskofharm.（）

答案:错Itishighlydesirablethatthesameorsimilarmedicinesavailableindifferentplacesshouldbeaccompaniedbythesameorsimilarinformation,whoeverthemanufacturermaybe.（）

答案:对Packageleafletsbewritteninmedicaljargonandmayputspecialemphasisonprotectingtheuserbywarninghimaboutallthepossibleharmfuleffects,includingnotonlythosethatareseriousorcommonbutalsothelessseriousandtherare.（）

答案:对Thisexercisewouldbesimilarinprinciplebutmoredifficultindetail,mainlybecausethedemarcationofresponsibilitiesbetweendoctorandpatientcanbeintricate,variesgreatly,andisoftenunclear.（）

答案:对thecorrelationofbiologicalactivitywithchemicalstructureisusuallyofinteresttothephysicianonlywhenitprovidesthebasisforsummarizingotherpharmacologicalinformation.（）

答案:对Structure-activityrelationshipsisaramificationofpharmacodynamics.（）

答案:对Pharmacokineticsdealswith（）ofdrugs.

答案:excretion###distribution###absorption###biotransformation（）dealswiththeuseofdrugsinthepreventionandtreatmentofdisease.

答案:PharmacotherapeuticsFewerdrugsarenowobtainedfromnaturalsources,and,moreimportantly,mostofthesearehighlypurifiedorstandardizedanddifferlittlefromsyntheticchemicals.（）

答案:对Thepreparing,compounding,anddispensingofmedicinesatonetimelaywithintheprovinceofthephysician,butthisworkisnowdelegatedalmostcompletelytothepharmacist.（）

答案:对Adrugisbroadlydefinedasanychemicalagentthataffectslivingprocesses.（）

答案:对Pharmacologyinclude（）.

答案:biochemicalandphysiologicaleffects###mechanismsofaction,absorption,distribution,biotransformationandexcretion###therapeuticandotherusesofdrugs###theknowledgeofthehistory,source,physicalandchemicalproperties,compoundingTheclinicianisinterestedmainlyindrugsthatareusefulintheprevention,diagnosis,andtreatmentofhumandisease,notinthepreventionofpregnancy.（）

答案:错Pharmacokineticsstudyofthebiochemicalandphysiologicaleffectsofdrugsandtheirmechanismsofaction.（）

答案:错Towriteintelligentprescriptionorders,thephysicianmusthavesomeknowledgeof（）

答案:abasicfamiliaritywiththepracticeofpharmacy###thephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofdrugs###availabledosageformsofdrugs药理学英文拼写（）?

答案:pharmacodynamicsInSouthAfricatheleavesofthecocatreewhichcontaincocainearechewedbytheinhabitants.（）

答案:错Drugdependencemaybedefinedasastateresultingfromtheinteractionofapersonandadruginwhichthepersonhasacompulsiontocontinuetakingthedruginordertoexperiencepleasurablepsychiceffectsandsometimesavoiddiscomfortduetoitswithdrawal.（）

答案:对Cocainedependenceislargelypsychicandwithdrawalsymptomsaredepression,sleepinessandincreasedappetite.（）

答案:对Mostmembersoftheopiumgroupofdrugsaretoagreaterorlesserextentdrugsofdependence.（）

答案:对Heroinmaybeinjectedintravenously,takenorallyorsmoked.（）

答案:对Drugdependenceinclude（）

答案:Physicaldependence###PsychicdependenceFormanyyearsamphetamineswereusedasappetitesuppressorsandtotreatmilddepression.（）

答案:对Cannabisisavolatileoil,obtainedfromaplantwhichiswidelygrowninAmerica,AfricaandAsia,usuallysmokedbutcanbetakenbymouth.（）

答案:错Cocaineproducesafeelingofelationandappearstotemporarilyincreasephysicalcapacity.（）

答案:对Howtomanageopiumanditsderivatives？（）

答案:Addictsmustberegisteredandmaythenreceiveasupplyoftheirdrugfromapproveddoctors.###Alternatively,clonidinecanbeused.###Attemptscanbemadetostopthenarcotic###onemethodisthesubstitutionofmethadonewhichislessaddictiveandwhichcanbewithdrawnatalaterdate.Modifytheinterestsandattitudesofpersonsathighriskofusingdependence-producingdrugsinamannerlikelytobeassociatedwithpersonalandsocialproblems,soastoreducetheprobabilityofsuchuse.（）

答案:对Addictionisthebody’scontinuedneedfordrugsbecauseoftheirphysiologicaleffectsaftertheyarefirsttaken.（）

答案:对Injectionintoaveinisusuallythemostdirect,potentmeansofdrugadministration.（）

答案:对WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)means（）?

答案:世界卫生组织Eliminateignoranceandmisconceptionsaboutdrugeffectscouldn’tdecreasedrugabuse.（）

答案:对Strategiesworldwidetocontrolofdrugabuseinclude（）.

答案:increaseunderstandingamongtargetgroupsofcommunityleadersandothers###suppressillicitcultivation,production,manufacture,distribution,andinappropriatemannerofuseofdesignateddrugs###limittheavailabilityofspecifieddependence-producingdrugs###reducesocialacceptanceof,interestin,anddemandfordependence-producingdrugsThemajorityoflegaldrugsusednowandthenforminorillnesseswithoutmedicalprescriptionareprobablynotnecessary.（）

答案:对certainotherdrugsaffectthenervoussystemindifferentways,oftenproducingavarietyofpleasurablefeelings:amoodofjoy;drowsinessorsleep,orevenpleasurablevisionsorhallucinations.（）

答案:对Tolimittheavailabilityofspecifieddependence-producingdrugsisagoodstrategytocontrolofdrugabuse.（）

答案:对Certainmigrants,emotionallyorsociallydisadvantagedand/orunstablepersonsarehighriskgroupsofdrugabuse.（）

答案:对Phaseonestudiesdeterminewhetherthedrugcanbegiventomanwithoutserioussymptomsortoxicity,andwhetherithasthedesiredpharmacologicaleffects.（）

答案:对Phase2studiesinitiallymaybeopen,uncontrolled,dose-rangingexperimentsanddon’tincludecontrolledstudies.（）

答案:错Whendrugswithspecificactionsonenzymesorreceptorsarebeingstudied,relativelysimplecellfreesystemsorisolatedtissuepreparationscanbeused.（）

答案:对Onlyafteranimalstudieshaveprovedefficacy,andtoxicologicalstudieshaveprovidedameasureofthepossiblerisk,cannewdrugsbegiventohumans.（）

答案:对Phase2studiesdeterminewhetherthenewdrughasthedesiredeffectonpatientswiththeappropriatedisease.（）

答案:对Post-marketingsurveillanceisincreasinglyundertakentoassessefficacyandtoxicityofnewdrugsonalargerscale.（）

答案:对Phase3studiesdeterminehowthenewdrugcomparesinclinicalpracticewithexistingremedies,andtoestablishitsprofileofactionandfrequencyofadverseeffects.（）

答案:对Thephysicianneedsguidanceoncriticalassessmentofwhatrepresentsanimportantadvance.（）

答案:对Phase1involvessmallscalestudiesinnormalvolunteers.（）

答案:对Routinetoxicologytestingshouldbecanceledbecausethereisnorelevanceofsomeanimalcarcinogenicitystudiestoman.（）

答案:错Experimentalpharmacologydeterminewhetherthedrughasthedesiredprofileofactioninmodelsystems.（）

答案:对Duringexperimentalpharmacology,attentionmustbepaidto:（）

答案:Teratogeniceffects###Effectsonfertility###Mutagenicity###CarcinogenicityChronictoxicitytestingismorerelevanttoclinicalapplications.（）

答案:对Whichofthefollowingstrategieshavebeenusedinthedevelopmentofnewdrugs?（）

答案:randomchemicalsynthesis###Clinicalobservationofdrugactioninpractice###Programmedbasicresearchwithsynthesisofspecificchemical###Serendipity偶然,luckandintuitionUsuallytoxicitystudiesareundertakenoveraperiodof（）.

答案:4weekstoatleast1yearTheaimsofdrugdevelopmentare（）.

答案:causelessfrequent###produceanoveltherapeuticagentwhichissuperiorinefficacytoexistingremedies###causelesssevereadverseeffectsExtensiveformaltoxicologicaltestsarenowrequiredinmostcountriesbeforedrugscanbeusedonpatients.（）

答案:对Whichofthefollowingmodelsareusuallyemployedinexperimentalpharmacology?（）

答案:Cellculturesorbacteria###Intactanimalsfrommicetoprimates###Isolatedtissues###Partiallypurifiedenzymesorsubcellularparticles###PerfusedorgansThepurityvalueofthestandardmustbederivedfromabsolutemethods.（）

答案:对ThepreferredsolutiontotheproblemofquantitativecontrolassaysistouseHPLCorGCmethodswhichafford（）.

答案:simplicity###goodspecificity###excellentprecisionandaccuracy###highspeedPharmaceuticalanalysismeans（）?

答案:药物分析Controllimitsonboththepurityofthedrugsubstanceandthedrugcontentofthefinishedformulationareusuallyverytight,thusrequiringveryprecisequantitativeproceduresfortestingcompliance.（）

答案:对Whichofthefollowingtechniquesareusedforidentificationofunknownproducts?（）

答案:massspectroscopy(MS)###Elementalanalysis###nuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy(NMR)###infraredspectroscopy(IR)Thisseparationisfrequentlyaccomplishedbyextraction,solventpartitioning,filtration,orcolumnchromatography,butmanyothertechniquesfindoccasionalapplication.（）

答案:对Stabilitystudiesareespeciallydemandingofanalyticalprecisionandaccuracybecausechangesofafewpercentoveraperiodof3to5yearsaresignificantandmustbeaccuratelyquantitatted.（）

答案:对AreferencestandardisrequiredwheneverarelativetechniquesuchasGC,HPLC,ultraviolet,visibleorinfraredspectrophotometry,fluorometry,orpolarographyisusedfortheanalysis.（）

答案:对Whichofthefollowingtechniquesareusedtoseparatetraceimpurities?（）

答案:Gaschromatography(GC)###highpressureliquidchromatography(HPLC)###thinlayerchromatography(TLC)###solventextractionTheproceduresusedduringproductdevelopmentcannotbesimplified.（）

答案:错Theprimaryfunctionofinactiveingredientsistofacilitatetheultimateintakeorutilizationoftheactiveingredients.（）

答案:对SincetheadventoftheSyntheticEraseveraldecadesago,manynaturaldrugshavebeenreplacedbysyntheticones.（）

答案:对Anaturalproductisdefinedasaproductthatisderivedfrom（）throughphysicalprocessing.

答案:microbialsources###plant###animalNaturalflavorsandfragranceshavebeenduplicatedorsimulatedbymanufacturedchemicals.（）

答案:对Thepresenttrendpointstoanincreasinginterestintheuseofsyntheticproducts,particularlyinfoodsandcosmetics.（）

答案:错Physicalprocessingfornaturalproductincluding（）.

答案:ionexchange###saltformation###acidificationandbasification###microbialfermentation.naturalproductsitisgenerallymeantthatproductsarenotmadebychemicalsynthesis.（）

答案:对Inactiveingredientsaresubstanceswhichdonotexertphysiologicalactionswheningestedorappliedtothebody.（）

答案:对Whichoneisthefunctionofactiveingredients（）.

答案:serveasnutrients###causephysiologicalchanges###supplyenergytothebodyThepackagecontainingthedrugsistakenhomeandboiledinametalutensilforaspecifiedlengthoftimeinaprescribedamountofwater.（）

答案:错Acupunctureisatechniqueinwhichallofthepointswereelaboratedoveraperiodof2000years.（）

答案:错Whichbooksaidthatbloodflowsthroughthebloodvesselsinaregularcourseandthatthefunctionofthebloodistodistributenutrition?（）

答案:NeiJingPropercleaningmethodseliminateorreducetoxicity,thusenhancingtheefficacyandsafetyoftheproduct.（）

答案:对Chinesephysicianscontinuetotreatacuteappendicitiswithoutsurgery,usingtheancientprescriptions，becauseofeconomy.（）

答案:错ThegovernmentofChinaencouragesnotonlythecollectionofoldandnewherbsbutalsotheextendedcultivationofmedicinalplants.（）

答案:对Whatkindspartsofmedicinalplantscanbeusedfortherapeuticpurposes?（）

答案:thefruitsandthewholeplant###theroots###thestem###theflowers###theleavesDifferentmedicinalpartoftheplantcanbecollectedatthesametime.（）

答案:错Chinesetraditionalmedicinebelongtofolkmedicine.（）

答案:错Theprocessingofmedicinalplantsisn'tconcernedwiththeefficacyofthedrug.（）

答案:错Physiologymeans（）.

答案:生理学Extensiveactivestudiesledtoelucidationofmorphine’sstructure.（）

答案:错Quinineisthemodelforallantimalarials.（）

答案:对Phytochemicalmeans（）.

答案:植物化学的Digitalisisaveryimportantcardiacdrug.（）

答案:对（）ofprescribeddrugssoldinU.S.pharmaciescontainconstituentsderiveddirectlyfromrealgreenplants.

答案:OnequarterReserpinandvincaleukoblastine长春碱representthemostimportantplant-derivedmedicinalsintroducedintomedicinebyourgeneration.（）

答案:对ReserpinwasusedinprimitiveHindumedicineforavarietyofdiseases,includingsnakebite,hypertensionandinsomnia.（）

答案:对Herbalmedicineisdamnedbyassociationinmedicaleyesbecause（）.

答案:itispractisedbylay-