全球基础金属行业市场前景及投资研究报告-培训课件外文版2024.4

INDUSTRIES

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MARKETSBasemetalindustryworldwideCHAPTER

01OverviewMarketvalueofbasemetalsworldwidein2023,withaforecastfor2032(inbillionU.S.dollars)Globalmarketvalueofbasemetals2023-20321,4001,2001,0001,282.2866.1800600400200020232032*4Description:Themarketvalueofbasemetalsworldwide,includingcopper,silver,zinc,lead,nickel,aluminum,tin,andothers,amountedtoatotalofover866billionU.S.dollarsin2023.ItisforecastthattheglobalbasemetalsmarketsizewillexceedonetrillionU.S.dollarsin2032.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023;basemetalsincluding:Copper,silver,zinc,lead,nickel,aluminum,tin,andothers.Source(s):EMRMarketsizeofselectedmetalsworldwidein2022(inbillionU.S.dollars)Globalmarketsizeofselectedmetals2022MarketsizeinbillionU.S.dollars050100150200250300IronoreGold283196CopperAluminumNickel18315369Zinc31Silver20MolybdenumPalladiumLead139.59.25Description:Ironorehadthelargestglobalmarketsizeofallmetalsin2022,amountingtomorethan280billionU.S.dollars.Goldcameinsecond,withaglobalmarketvalueofnearly200billionU.S.dollars.Incomparison,theglobalmarketvalueofcrudeoilexceededtwotrillionU.S.dollarsthatyear,farovershadowingthevalueofcommoditymetals.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;Marketsizefigureshavebeencalculatedbymultiplyingthe2022productionvolumeswiththecommodityspotpricesasofJune7,2023Source(s):Cameco;FastMarkets;TradingEconomics;USGeologicalSurvey;VisualCapitalistMarketvolumeofbasemetalsworldwidein2023,withaforecastfor2032(inmillionmetrictons)Globalmarketvolumeofbasemetals2023-2032180160158.614012010080132.1360402002024*2029**6Description:Themarketvolumeofbasemetalsworldwide,includingcopper,zinc,lead,nickel,aluminum,andtin,amountedtoanestimatedtotalofover132millionmetrictonsasof2024.Itisforecastthatthetotalglobalvolumeofthebasemetalsmarketwillreachnearly159millionmetrictonsin2029.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021;basemetalsincluding:Copper,zinc,lead,nickel,aluminum,andtin;*EstimatedasofJanuary2024.**Forecastbasedonanexpectedcompoundannualgrowthrateof3.72percentduringtheforecastperiod2024-2029.

ReadmoreSource(s):MordorIntelligenceProductionvolumeofbasemetalsworldwidein2023,bycommodity(in1,000metrictons)Globalproductionvolumeofbasemetals2023,bycommodityProductionvolumeinthousandmetrictons30,000

40,000

50,000010,00020,00060,00070,00070,00080,000Aluminum*CopperZinc**22,00012,000Lead4,500Nickel3,600Tin

2907Description:Aluminumwasthemostvoluminouslyproducedofthebasemetalsin2023,amountingto70millionmetrictonsofsmelterproductiongloballythatyear.Copperproducedfromminesamountedto22millionmetrictonsworldwidethatyear,andwasthesecond-mostproducedbasemetalatthattime.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023;*Smelterproduction.**Zinccontentofconcentratesanddirectshippingores.

Allfiguresareestimatedandrounded.ReadmoreSource(s):USGeologicalSurveyCHAPTER

02TradeLeadingexportersofaluminumandaluminumproductsin2022,bycountry(inbillionU.S.dollars)Globalleadingaluminumexporters2022,bycountryExportvalueinbillionU.S.dollars051015202530354045ChinaGermanyUnitedStatesCanada42.1121.114.5114.14RussiaItalyIndia10.2810.19.6UnitedArabEmiratesNetherlandsMalaysia8.287.867.456.95FranceBahrainTurkey6.876.719Description:Chinawastheworld'sleadingexporterofaluminumandaluminumproductsasof2022.Inthatyear,China'saluminumexportswerevaluedatover42billionU.S.dollars,approximately21billionU.S.dollarsmorethanGermany,thesecond-largestaluminumexporterintheworldatthattime.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;aluminiumandarticlesthereofSource(s):TradeMap;UNComtradeLeadingimportersofaluminumandaluminumproductsworldwidein2022,bycountry(inbillionU.S.dollars)Globalleadingaluminumimporters2022,bycountryImportvalueinbillionU.S.dollars15

20051025303540UnitedStatesGermanyChina36.6626.5811.6911.6511.5MexicoItalyJapanSouthKoreaFranceNetherlandsTurkey10.659.759.669.117.687.347.236.76PolandIndiaUnitedKingdom10Description:In2022,approximately36.7billionU.S.dollars'worthofaluminumandaluminumproductswereimportedintotheUnitedStates,whichmadeittheleadingaluminumimportingnationintheworld.Thesecond-largestimporterofaluminumatthattimewasGermany,withanimportvalueofsome26.6billionU.S.dollars.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):TradeMap;UNComtradeLeadingexportersofcopperandcopperproductsworldwidein2022,bycountry(inbillionU.S.dollars)Globalleadingcopperexporters2022,bycountryExportvalueinbillionU.S.dollars1005152025Chile21.56DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo16.84GermanyJapan15.8812.57China10.68UnitedStatesZambia10.058.12Russia7.8SouthKoreaItaly76.13PolandBelgiumTaiwan5.54.944.9211Description:Chileistheworld'sleadingexporterofcopper,exportingalmost22billionU.S.dollars'worthofthemetalin2022.TheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongowasthesecond-largestcopperexportingcountrythatyear,atnearly17billionU.S.dollarsinexportvalue.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;CopperandarticlesthereofSource(s):TradeMap;UNComtradeLeadingimportersofcopperandcopperproductsworldwidein2022,bycountry(inbillionU.S.dollars)Globalleadingcopperimporters2022,bycountryImportvalueinbillionU.S.dollars30

400102050607080ChinaUnitedStatesGermany68.7115.5615.32Italy11.38SouthKoreaIndia8.647.546.586.185.51TaiwanThailandTurkeyBelgiumFrance5.044.93MalaysiaUnitedArabEmirates4.344.0712Description:Chinawastheworld'sleadingcopperimportingcountryasof2022byalargemargin,amountingtonearly69billionU.S.dollarsinvalue.TheU.S.cameinadistantsecondplacethatyear,withcopperandcopperarticleimportsamountingtoatotalvalueof15.6billionU.S.dollars.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;CopperandarticlesthereofSource(s):TradeMap;UNComtradeLeadingexportersofzincworldwidein2022,bycountry(inbillionU.S.dollars)Leadingglobalzincexportingcountries2022,basedonvalueExportvalueinbillionU.S.dollars1,00005001,5002,0002,500AustraliaBolivia2,1001,800UnitedStatesPeru1,6001,500SwedenTurkey584.3547.4BelgiumSouthAfricaRussia546.1531.8500.9Chile424MexicoPortugalKazakhstan399.1390.138313Description:In2022,Zincexportswereworthaglobaltotalof14.2billionU.S.dollars.TheleadingexportersthatyearwereAustralia,Bolivia,andtheUnitedStates,whoseexportsamountedto2.1billionU.S.dollars,1.8billionU.S.dollars,and1.6billionU.S.dollars,respectively.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):CIA(TheWorldFactbook);Forbes;TradeMap;Value.Today;WTExLeadingimportersofzincoresandzincconcentratesworldwidein2022,bycountry(inmillionU.S.dollars)Globalleadingzincimportingcountries2022,basedonvalueImportvalueinmillionU.S.dollars05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,0005,500ChinaSouthKoreaSpain4,771.862,356.261,348.83Canada1,267.221,135.16JapanFinland744.77Norway447.29400.22341.8302.57NetherlandsGermanyBrazil14Description:In2022,over4.7billionU.S.dollars'worthofzincoresandzincoresandconcentrateswereimportedintoChina,makingittheworld'sleadingimporterthatyear.Thesecond-largestimporterofzincatthattimewasSouthKorea,withanimportvalueofjustovertwobillionU.S.dollars.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;ZincoresandconcentratesSource(s):WITSLeadingleadexportingcountriesworldwidein2022,basedonvalue(inmillionU.S.dollars)Globalleadingleadexportingcountries2022,basedonvalueExportvalueinmillionU.S.dollars0100200300400500600700800900SouthKoreaAustraliaUnitedKingdomIndia805.4780613470.8CanadaBelgium388.4378.7GermanyChina377.6313.4MexicoPolandFranceBulgaria269.4249.7245.7235.6232.3217.9192.9MalaysiaSwedenUnitedStates15/statistics/1116840/global-lead-exports-by-countryIn2022,SouthKoreawastheworld'sleadingexporterofleadbasedonvalue,withexportsamountingtoover805millionU.S.dollars.Australiawasthesecond-largestleadexportingcountrythatyear,withexportsworth780millionU.S.dollars.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):CIA(WorldFactbook);TradeMap;WTExLeadingimportersofleadandleadproductsworldwidein2022,bycountry(inmillionU.S.dollars)Globalleadingleadimporters2022,bycountryImportvalueinmillionU.S.dollars02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,800UnitedStatesofAmericaIndia1,558.43763.28GermanyVietnam650.28543.01Turkey456.38450.94UnitedKingdomSouthKoreaCzechia399.74393.06ItalySpainPoland306.46281.78210.26FranceThailand178.33177.116Description:In2022,theUnitedStateswastheworld'slargestimporterofleadmetalandleadproductsbasedonvalue,at1.56billionU.S.dollars.Indiawasthesecond-largestleadimportingcountryatthattime,amountingto763millionU.S.dollars.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):TradeMap;UNComtradeLeadingexportersofnickelworldwidein2022,bycountry(inmillionU.S.dollars)Leadingnickelexportersworldwidebasedonvalue2022,bycountryExportvalueinmillionU.S.dollars600

80002004001,0001,2001,400PhilippinesNewCaledoniaRussia1,300907.5445.5FinlandUnitedStatesBrazil357.7328.7321.1AustraliaCanada232.3196.9Zambia119.288.460.1IvoryCoastGuatemalaZimbabweTurkey14.411.39.2TanzaniaGermany6.417Description:Astheworld'ssecond-largestnickelproducer,thePhilippineswastheworld'slargestnickelexportingnationin2022basedonvalue,whichamountedto1.3billionU.S.dollars.NewCaledoniacamesecondthatyear,withnickelexportsamountingtoatotalvalueofnearly908millionU.S.dollars.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;leadingnickelexportingcountriesbasedonvalueSource(s):CIA(WorldFactbook);Forbes;TheBalance;TradeMap;WTExLeadingimportersofnickeloreworldwidein2021,bycountry(inmillionU.S.dollars)Globalleadingnickeloreimporters2021,bycountryImportvalueinmillionU.S.dollars1,00005001,5002,0002,500ChinaCanadaSwitzerlandSouthKoreaJapan2,356.18402.84369.1303.56257.42244.75FinlandNorthMacedoniaUkraine98.0866.859.321.93MozambiqueCyprusUnitedKingdomGreece13.8213.165.524AustraliaGermanyDominicanRepublic2.2918/statistics/1116992/global-nickel-imports-by-countryChinawastheworld'sleadingnickeloreimportingcountrybasedonvaluein2021,withimportsamountingto2.36billionU.S.dollars.Thesecond-largestnickeloreimporterthatyearwasCanada,withadistant402millionU.S.dollarsworthofimports.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):TheObservatoryofEconomicComplexityCHAPTER

03ProductionLeadingcountriesbasedonmineproductionofbauxiteworldwidein2023(in1,000metrictons)Globalbauxitemineproduction2023,bycountryProductioninthousandmetrictons40,000

50,000

60,000010,00020,00030,00070,00080,00090,000100,000110,000AustraliaGuinea98,00097,000China93,000Brazil31,000India23,00020,000IndonesiaJamaica6,0005,8004,600RussiaSaudiArabiaKazakhstanVietnamTurkey4,3003,7002,0001,200GreeceOthercountries5,60020Description:Australiaistheworld'slargestproducerofbauxite,withanestimatedoutputamountingto98millionmetrictonsin2023.Accordingly,Australiaisalsohometosomeofthebiggestminesofbauxiteacrosstheglobe.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023;EstimatesSource(s):USGeologicalSurveyCountrieswiththelargestsmelterproductionofaluminumin2023(in1,000metrictons)Globalsmelteraluminumproductionbyleadingcountry2023Productioninthousandmetrictons15,000

20,000

25,00005,00010,00030,00035,00040,00045,000ChinaIndiaRussiaCanadaUnitedArabEmiratesBahrainAustraliaNorwayMalaysiaUnitedStatesIceland21Description:In2023,Chinahadatotalsmelterproductionofsome4.1millionmetrictonsofaluminum.Asthemostwidelyusednon-ferrousmetal,aluminumisusedtomanufacturealargevarietyofproductssuchasintheconstructionindustry,thetransportationindustry,thepackagingindustry,andmanymore.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023;FiguresareestimatedSource(s):USGeologicalSurveyMajorcountriesincoppermineproductionworldwidein2023(in1,000metrictons)Copperproductioninleadingcountries2023Productioninthousandmetrictons2,000

3,00001,0004,0005,0006,000ChilePeru5,0002,6002,500DRCongoChina1,700UnitedStatesRussia1,100910840IndonesiaAustraliaZambia810760750MexicoKazakhstanCanada600480400Poland22/statistics/264626/copper-production-by-countryIn2023,Peruproduced2.6millionmetrictonsofcopper.Thetenleadingcountriesinworldcopperproductionasof2022wereChile,Peru,theDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,China,theUnitedStates,Russia,Indonesia,Australia,Zambia,andMexico.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):USGeologicalSurveyMajorcountriesinleadmineproductionworldwidein2023(in1,000metrictons)Mineproductionofleadintheleadingcountriesworldwide2023Productioninthousandmetrictons800

1,00002004006001,2001,4001,6001,8002,000ChinaAustraliaUnitedStatesMexicoPeru1,900440270270250220200IndiaRussiaBolivia9070705050TurkeySwedenTajikistanIran23Description:In2023,Chineseleadminesproducedanestimated1.9millionmetrictonsoflead,makingChinatheworld'sleadingproducerofthisbasemetalfrommines.Australiawasthesecondleadingleadminerthatyear,withproductionamountingtoanestimated440,000metrictons.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2010to2023;allfiguresareestimatedSource(s):USGeologicalSurveyMajorcountriesinworldwidenickelmineproductionin2023(inmetrictons)Globalnickelmineproduction2023,bycountryProductioninmetrictons800,000

1,000,0000200,000400,000600,0001,200,0001,400,0001,600,0001,800,0002,000,000IndonesiaPhilippinesNewCaledonia**Russia1,800,000400,000230,000200,000Canada180,000160,000AustraliaChina110,00089,00017,000BrazilUnitedStatesRestofworld380,00024Description:In2023,Indonesia'sminesproducedanestimated1.8millionmetrictonsofnickel.ThisfiguremakesIndonesiatheleadingproducerofnickelfromminesworldwidebyalargemargin.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023Source(s):USGeologicalSurveyMajorcountriesinworldwidezincmineproductionin2023(in1,000metrictons)Globalzincproduction2023,byleadingcountryProductioninthousandmetrictons05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,500ChinaPeru4,0001,400AustraliaIndia1,100860UnitedStatesMexico750690Bolivia490KazakhstanRussia330310SouthAfricaSweden230220Restofworld1,80025Description:In2023,China'szincminesproducedapproximatelyfourmillionmetrictonsofzinc.Accordingly,Chinaistheworld'slargestproducerofthebasemetalzinc.PeruandAustraliawerethesecond-andthird-largestzincminingcountriesintheworldin2023,respectively.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2023;allfiguresareestimated;*Estimated.ReadmoreSource(s):USGeologicalSurveyCHAPTER

04CompaniesLeadingprimaryaluminumproducingcompaniesin2022,basedonproductionoutput(inmillionmetrictons)Leadingaluminumproducersworldwide2022,byproductionoutputProductionoutputinmillionmetrictons012345678Chinalco(China)*HongqiaoGroup(China)Rusal(Russia)7.163.8XinfaGroup(China)RioTinto(UK/Australia)EGA(UAE)3.632.7SPIC(China)2.5Vedanta(India)2.32.22.1EastHope(China)NorskHydro(Norway)27Description:Witharound7.1millionmetrictonsofaluminumproduced,Chinalcowastheworld'slargestaluminumproducingcompanyin2022.Hongqiao,Rusal,andXinfawerealsorankedamongthelargestaluminumproducersgloballyatthattime.Together,China-basedChinalcoandtheHongqiaoGrouprepresentedanoutputofover13millionmetrictonsin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;*Since2019,ChinalcoisconsolidatingproductionofYunnanAluminumCo.andChalco.ReadmoreSource(s):RUSAL;VarioussourcesLeadingcopperminingcompaniesworldwidein2022,byproductionoutput(in1,000metrictons)Leadingcopperproducersworldwide2022,byproductionoutputProductioninthousandmetrictonsCodelco(Chile)Freeport-McMoRan(U.S.)BHP(Australia)1,5521,2971,108Glencore(Switzerland)SouthernCopper(Mexico)FirstQuantumMinerals(Canada)ZijinMining(China)993895741677KGHMPolskaMiedz(Poland)RioTinto537521AngloAmerican(UK)46828Description:In2022,Codelcowasthecopperminingcompanywiththehighestoutputworldwide,producingsome1.55millionmetrictonsofthemetal.TheChileancompanywasfollowedbytheU.S.companyFreeport-McMoRan,withaproductionoutputofnearly1.3millionmetrictons.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;productiontotalsattributabletoproductionfromminesowneddirectlySource(s):MProductionvolumeofzincbyselectedminingcompaniesworldwidefromQ12022toQ32022(inmetrictons)Zincproductionofselectedleadingzincminers2022ProductioninthousandmetrictonsQ12022200,000Q22022300,000Q32022400,0000100,000500,000600,000700,000800,000Glencore(Switzerland)HindustanZinc(India)TeckResources(Canada)ZijinMiningGroup(China)IndustriasPeñoles(Mexico)NexaResourcesS.A.(Brazil)Boliden(Sweden)MMG(Australia)Newmont(U.S.)Lundin(Sweden)NewCenturyResources(Australia)BHP(Australia)29Description:GlencorePLCwastheworld'slargestzincproducingcompanythroughoutthefirstthreequartersof2022,althoughthecompany'szinc-in-concentrateproductionannouncementsdecreasedconsistentlyfromthefirstquarterof2022tothethirdquarter.HindustanZincwasconsistentlythesecond-largestzinccompanyduringthesametimeframe,withaproductionannouncementofnearly200,000metrictonsofzin-in-concentrateinthethirdquarterof2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;Q12022toQ32022;zinc-in-concentrateproductionannouncementsSource(s):S&PGlobalMarketIntelligenceMajorleadproducingcompaniesworldwidein2022,basedonproductionvolume(in1,000metrictons)Leadingleadproducersworldwide2022,byproductionoutputProductioninthousandmetrictons60

80

10002040120140160180200220Glencore(Switzerland/UK)HindustanZinc(India)Teck(Canada)191.619179.5BHP(Australia/UK)

0.6630Description:Glencorewastheleadingproducerofleadmetalintheworldin2022,atnearly192,000metrictons.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022Source(s):BHP;Glencore;HindustanZinc;TeckResourcesLeadingnickelcompaniesworldwidebasedonproductionvolumeinQ12021andQ12022(inmetrictons)LeadingcompaniesbasedonnickelproductionworldwideQ12021&Q12022ProductioninmetrictonsQ12022Q1202130,000010,00020,00040,00050,00060,00051,374NorilskNickelGlencore45,55830,70025,20028,273ValeSA31,60218,700BHP20,40013,82715,198ValeIndonesia31Description:RussianminingcompanyNorilskNickel,alsoknownasNornickel,wastheworld'slargestnickelproducerasofthefirstquarter(Q1)of2021andQ12022,with45,558metrictonsand51,374metrictonsproduced,respectively.Nornickelhaslongbeentheworld'slargestnickelproducer.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;Q12021andQ12022Source(s):S&PGlobalMarketIntelligence;Varioussources(Companydata)CHAPTER

05ConsumptionGlobalaluminumconsumptionprojectionsfrom2021to2029(inmillionmetrictons)Projectedaluminumconsumptionworldwide2021-2029908078.476.8474.8972.9971.1469.3467.5870605040302010065.8764.220212022202320242025202620272028202933Description:Thisstatisticrepresentstheglobalaluminumconsumptionforecastfrom2021to2029,atacompoundannualgrowthrateof2.6percent.In2021,globalaluminumconsumptionisprojectedtoamounttosome64.2millionmetrictons.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2020Source(s):FitchSolutions;IABSouthAfricaRefinedcopperusageworldwidefrom2010to2022(in1,000metrictons)Globalcopperusage2010-202230,00026,06925,20424,94524,46624,32125,00020,00015,00010,0005,000023,68623,48122,90623,04621,40820,47919,70919,1362010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022*34Description:In2022,globalrefinedcopperusagestoodatnearly26.1millionmetrictons.Thiswastherecordhighreportedsince2010,andanincreaseofroughlythreepercentfromthepreviousyear.From2010to2022,refinerycopperusageincreasedbysevenmillionmetrictons.Mostoftheworld'scopperisusedinelectricalapplications,butalsoinarchitecture,automotive,electrical,tube,pipeandfittings,fuelgas,industrial,marine,machinedproducts,andtelecommunications.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2010to2022;*Preliminaryfigure.ReadmoreSource(s):ICSGConsumptionvolumeofofrefinedzincworldwidefrom2005to2022(in1,000metrictons)Globalzincconsumption2005-202216,00014,00012,00010,0008,0006,0004,0002,000020052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202235Description:In2022,approximately13.52millionmetrictonsofrefinedzincwasconsumedworldwide.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2005to2022Source(s):ILZSGConsumptionvolumeofrefinedleadworldwidefrom2013to2023(in1,000metrictons)Globalrefinedleadconsumptionvolume2013-202314,00012,00012,65912,34612,29912,32612,15911,77811,68511,53811,21310,99811,04910,0008,0006,0004,0002,000020132014201520162017201820192020202120222023*36Description:In2022,thetotalglobalconsumptionofrefinedleadamountedtosome12.65millionmetrictons.BetweenJanuaryandNovember2023,theconsumptionvolumeofrefinedleadworldwidewas11.68millionmetrictons.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2013toOctober2023;*FiguresforJanuarytoNovember2023.Referredtoas'Metalusage'bythesource.Thisstatistichasbeenassembledusingseveraleditionsofthedatarelease.

ReadmoreSource(s):ILZSGConsumptionvolumeofnickelworldwidefrom2010to2022(in1,000metrictons)Globalnickelconsumption2010-20223,5003,0002,5003,0302,8512,4432,4412,3132,1402,0021,8902,0001,8701,7851,6681,6071,4651,5001,0005000201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202237Description:In2010,globalnickelconsumptionamountedtoapproximately1.5millionmetrictons.Sincethen,nickelconsumptionhasincreasedsubstantially,amountingtomorethan3.03millionmetrictonsin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2010to2022Source(s):NorilskNickel;Varioussources(Companydata)CHAPTER

06PricesAveragepricesforaluminumfrom2014to2025(innominalU.S.dollarspermt)Averagepricesforaluminumworldwide2014-20253,0002,5002,7052,4732,4002,3002,2002,1081,9682,0001,5001,0005001,8671,7941,7041,6651,60402014201520162017201820192020202120222023*2024*2025*39Description:In2022,theaveragepriceforaluminumstoodat2,705nominalU.S.dollarspermetricton.Thisstatisticdepictstheaverageannualpricesforaluminumfrom2014through2025.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2014to2025;*Forecasts.ReadmoreSource(s):WorldBankAveragepricesforcopperworldwidefrom2014to2025(innominalU.S.dollarspermetricton)Averagepricesforcopperworldwidefrom2014to202510,0009,0009,3178,8228,5008,2007,8008,0006,8637,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,00006,5306,1706,1746,0105,5104,8682014201520162017201820192020202120222023*2024*2025*40Description:Thisstatisticdepictstheaverageannualpricesforcopperfrom2014through2025*.In2022,theaveragepriceforcopperstoodat8,822nominalU.S.dollarspermetricton.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2014to2025*;*Forecasts.ReadmoreSource(s):WorldBankAveragepricesforleadworldwidefrom2014to2025(innominalU.S.dollarspermetricton)Averagepricesforleadworldwide2014-20252,5002,0952,3152,2402,2002,1512,1002,1002,0501,9972,0001,5001,0005001,8671,8251,78802014201520162017201820192020202120222023*2024*2025*41Description:In2022,theaveragepriceforleadstoodat2,151nominalU.S.dollarspermetricton.Itisforecastthatin2025thepriceofonemetrictonofleadwillamountto2,100nominalU.S.dollars.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2014to2025*;*Forecasts.ReadmoreSource(s):WorldBankAveragenickelpricesfrom1980to2022(inU.S.dollarspermetricton)Nickelprices1980-202230,00025,83425,00020,00015,00010,0005,000022,91021,80918,46517,54816,89315,03213,914

13,78713,14411,86310,4109,59520168,86419908,63820006,519198020102011201220132014201520172018201920202021202242Description:In2022,nickelhadanaveragepriceofapproximately25,834U.S.dollarspermetricton,anincreaseofmorethan7,000U.S.dollarscomparedtothepreviousyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1980to2022Source(s):WorldBankMonthlypricesfortinfromJanuary2014toJanuary2024(innominalU.S.dollarspertroyounce)MonthlypricesfortinworldwidefromJanuary2014toJanuary202450,00045,00040,00035,00030,0004

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