口腔修复学专业英语词汇整理

1、固定部分fixedfixed partialpartial denturesdentures局局部部固固定定义义齿齿retainerretainer固固位位体体ponticpontic桥桥体体connectorconnector连连接接体体rigidlyrigidly fixedfixed bridgebridge双双端端固固定定桥桥cantilevercantilever fixedfixed bridgebridge单单端端固固定定桥桥AntesAntes lawlawAnteAnte 法法则则crown-rootcrown-root ratioratio冠冠根根比比ridgeridge

2、laplap盖盖嵴嵴式式modifiedmodified ridgeridge laplap改改良良盖盖嵴嵴式式nono mucosalmucosal contactcontact悬悬空空式式桥桥体体toothtooth defectdefect牙牙体体缺缺损损inlayinlay嵌嵌体体partialpartial veneerveneer crowncrown部部分分冠冠laminatelaminate veneerveneer贴贴面面fullfull crowncrown全全冠冠post-and-corepost-and-core crowncrown桩桩核核冠冠 toothtooth

3、preparationpreparation牙牙体体预预备备体体pathpath ofof placementplacement就就位位道道retentionretention轴轴向向固固位位resistanceresistance非非轴轴向向固固位位hybridhybrid layerlayer混混合合层层smearsmear layerlayer玷玷污污层层tapertaper聚聚合合度度retentionretention固固位位strengthstrength 抗抗力力marginmargin边边缘缘finishfinish lineline终终止止线线（预预备备体体上上）gingiv

4、algingival marginmargin龈龈边边缘缘（修修复复体体上上）gingivalgingival retractionretraction排排龈龈chamferchamfer无无角角肩肩台台shouldershoulder有有角角肩肩台台shouldershoulder withwith bevelbevel有有斜斜面面的的有有角角肩肩台台marginalmarginal fitness/adaptationfitness/adaptation修修复复体体边边缘缘的的密密合合度度 huehue色色调调chromachroma饱饱和和度度valuevalue亮亮度度gingival

5、gingival displacementdisplacement排排龈龈impressionimpression makingmaking取取印印模模displacementdisplacement cordcord排排龈龈线线 provisionalprovisional crowncrown临临时时冠冠prefabricatedprefabricated crowncrown预预成成冠冠cementationcementation粘粘结结try-intry-in试试戴戴seatingseating就就位位proximalproximal contactcontact邻邻面面接接触触区区o

6、cclusalocclusal painpain咬咬合合痛痛foodfood impactionimpaction食食物物嵌嵌塞塞onlayonlay高高嵌嵌体体spruesprue铸铸道道castcast completecomplete crowncrown铸铸造造金金属属全全冠冠functionalfunctional cuspcusp levellevel功功能能尖尖斜斜面面guidingguiding groovegroove定定位位沟沟porcelainporcelain powderspowders瓷瓷粉粉 bodybody porcelainporcelain体体瓷瓷metal

7、-porcelainmetal-porcelain junctionjunction金金瓷瓷交交界界shadeshade selectionselection选选色色commercialcommercial shadeshade guideguide商商业业比比色色板板translucencytranslucency半半透透明明性性post-and-corepost-and-core crowncrown桩桩核核冠冠customcustom castcast postpost铸铸造造桩桩prefabricatedprefabricated postpost预预成成桩桩ferruleferrul

8、e牙牙本本质质肩肩领领biologicbiologic widthwidth生生物物学学宽宽度度crowncrown lengthinglengthing牙牙冠冠延延长长术术microleakagemicroleakage边边缘缘微微漏漏temporarytemporary restorationrestoration暂暂时时性性修修复复体体acidetchingacidetching酸酸蚀蚀interlockinginterlocking机机械械嵌嵌合合作作用用primerprimer前前处处理理剂剂dentindentin bondingbonding agentagent牙牙本本质质粘粘

9、接接剂剂活动+全口义齿removableremovable partialpartial denturedenture可可摘摘局局部部义义齿齿partialllypartiallly edentulousedentulous archesarches牙牙列列缺缺损损toothtooth borneborne RPDRPD牙牙支支持持式式可可摘摘局局部部义义齿齿fulcrumfulcrum lineline支支点点线线AxisAxis ofof Rotation,Rotation, ARAR转转动动轴轴RetainerRetainer固固位位体体dislodgingdislodging forc

10、eforce脱脱位位力力DirectDirect RetainerRetainer直直接接固固位位体体claspclasp卡卡环环claspclasp armarm卡卡环环臂臂retentiveretentive armarm固固位位臂臂stabilizingstabilizing， reciprocationreciprocation armarm稳稳定定对对抗抗臂臂undercutundercut倒倒凹凹surveysurvey lineline观观测测线线restrest支支托托occlusalocclusal restrest合合支支托托cingulumcingulum restres

11、t舌舌隆隆突突支支托托centralcentral stopstop垂垂直直终终止止点点minorminor connectorconnector小小连连接接体体proximalproximal plateplate邻邻面面板板castingcasting claspclasp铸铸造造卡卡环环wroughtwrought wirewire claspclasp弯弯制制卡卡环环simplesimple circumferentialcircumferential claspsclasps简简单单圆圆环环形形卡卡环环ringring claspsclasps圈圈形形卡卡环环backback act

12、ionaction claspclasp andand reversereverse backback claspclasp回回力力卡卡环环halfhalf andand halfhalf claspclasp对对半半卡卡环环caninecanine claspclasp尖尖牙牙卡卡环环rest-proximalrest-proximal plate-Iplate-I barbarRPIRPI卡卡环环组组rest-proximalrest-proximal plate-Akerplate-Aker claspclaspRPARPA卡卡环环组组functionalfunctional impre

13、ssionimpression功功能能性性印印模模indirectindirect retainersretainers间间接接固固位位体体majormajor connectorconnector大大连连接接体体minorminor connectorconnector小小连连接接体体linguallingual barbar下下颌颌舌舌杆杆连连接接体体linguoplatelinguoplate下下颌颌舌舌板板singlesingle palatalpalatal strapstrap上上颌颌腭腭带带连连接接体体anteria-posteriaanteria-posteria palata

14、lpalatal barbar上上颌颌前前- -后后腭腭杆杆连连接接体体anteriaanteria palatalpalatal barbar前前腭腭杆杆posteriaposteria palatalpalatal barbar后后腭腭杆杆laterallateral palatalpalatal barbar侧侧腭腭杆杆fullfull palatalpalatal plateplate上上颌颌全全腭腭板板连连接接体体finishingfinishing lineline终终止止线线tissuetissue stopsstops组组织织终终止止点点internalinternal fin

15、ishingfinishing lineline内内终终止止线线externalexternal finishingfinishing lineline外外终终止止线线guideguide plateplate导导平平面面板板guideguide planeplane导导平平面面proximalproximal plateplate邻邻面面板板relinereline重重衬衬surveysurvey模模型型观观测测non-undercutnon-undercut areaarea非非倒倒凹凹区区desirabledesirable undercutundercut可可利利用用倒倒凹凹dista

16、ldistal extensionextension下下颌颌后后牙牙游游离离缺缺失失withoutwithout distaldistal extensionextension下下颌颌后后牙牙非非游游离离缺缺失失tripodetripode三三点点定定位位defectivedefective prosthesesprostheses不不良良修修复复体体reducingreducing interferencesinterferences消消除除干干扰扰anatomicalanatomical impressionimpression解解剖剖式式印印模模arrangearrange dentur

17、edenture teethteeth排排牙牙delivery/initialdelivery/initial placementplacement义义齿齿初初戴戴rebasingrebasing重重制制completecomplete denturedenture全全口口义义齿齿edentulousedentulous jawjaw无无牙牙颌颌artificialartificial teethteeth人人工工牙牙denturedenture basebase 基基托托residualresidual ridgeridge 剩剩余余牙牙槽槽嵴嵴crestcrest ofof residua

18、lresidual ridgeridge牙牙槽槽嵴嵴顶顶hardhard plateplate硬硬腭腭medianmedian palatalpalatal suturesuture腭腭中中缝缝maxillarymaxillary labiallabial frenumfrenum 上上唇唇系系带带maxillarymaxillary buccalbuccal frenumfrenum上上颊颊系系带带labiallabial vestibulevestibule唇唇侧侧前前庭庭/ /前前弓弓区区buccalbuccal vestibulevestibule 颊颊侧侧前前庭庭/ /后后弓弓区区z

19、ygomaticzygomatic processprocess颧颧突突maxillarymaxillary tuberositytuberosity上上颌颌结结节节incisiveincisive papillapapilla切切牙牙乳乳突突palatalpalatal rugaerugae腭腭皱皱hardhard areaarea硬硬区区palatinepalatine foveafovea腭腭小小凹凹vibratingvibrating lineline颤颤动动线线posteriorposterior palatalpalatal sealseal areaarea后后缘缘封封闭闭区区p

20、ostpost damdam后后堤堤pterygomaxillarypterygomaxillary notchnotch翼翼上上颌颌切切迹迹pterygomaxillarypterygomaxillary rapheraphe翼翼下下颌颌韧韧带带mandibularmandibular labiallabial frenumfrenum下下唇唇系系带带mandibularmandibular buccalbuccal frenumfrenum下下颊颊系系带带buccalbuccal shelfshelf areaarea颊颊棚棚区区distaldistal buccalbuccal angl

21、esangles areaarea远远中中颊颊角角区区retromolarretromolar padpad磨磨牙牙后后垫垫linguallingual frenumfrenum 舌舌系系带带retromylohyoidretromylohyoid fossafossa下下颌颌舌舌骨骨后后窝窝resorptionresorption ofof residualresidual ridgeridge牙牙槽槽嵴嵴吸吸收收tissuetissue surfacesurface组组织织面面denturedenture bearingbearing areaarea义义齿齿承承托托区区polishing

22、polishing surfacesurface磨磨光光面面occlusalocclusal surfacesurface咬咬合合面面borderborder sealseal areaarea边边缘缘封封闭闭区区reliefrelief areaarea缓缓冲冲区区borderborder extentionextention ofof denturedenture basebase义义齿齿基基托托的的边边缘缘伸伸展展neutralneutral zonezone中中性性区区softsoft linerliner软软衬衬材材料料impressionimpression印印模模model/ca

23、stmodel/cast模模型型borderborder moldingmolding边边缘缘整整塑塑custom/individualcustom/individual impressionimpression traytray个个别别托托盘盘anatomicanatomic impressionimpression解解剖剖式式印印模模functionalfunctional impressionimpression功功能能性性印印模模jawjaw relationship/maxillomandibularrelationship/maxillomandibular relationshi

24、prelationship颌颌位位关关系系verticalvertical relationrelation垂垂直直关关系系horizontalhorizontal relationrelation水水平平关关系系verticalvertical dimensiondimension垂垂直直距距离离centriccentric occlusionocclusion正正中中牙牙合合intercuspalintercuspal positionposition牙牙尖尖交交错错位位verticalvertical dimensiondimension ofof occlusionocclusion咬

25、咬合合垂垂直直距距离离centriccentric relationrelation正正中中关关系系restrest positionposition息息止止颌颌位位interocclusalinterocclusal space/freewayspace/freeway spacespace息息止止颌颌间间隙隙occlusalocclusal rimrim蜡蜡牙牙合合堤堤ArticulatorArticulator牙牙合合架架faceface bowbow transfertransfer面面弓弓转转移移condylarcondylar pathpath髁髁道道condylarcondyla

26、r guidanceguidance髁髁导导arrangementarrangement ofof artificialartificial teethteeth排排列列人人工工牙牙balancedbalanced occlusionocclusion平平衡衡牙牙合合try-intry-in试试戴戴firstfirst insertioninsertion初初戴戴reliningrelining重重衬衬singlesingle completecomplete denturedenture单单颌颌全全口口义义齿齿immediateimmediate completecomplete dentu

27、redenture即即刻刻全全口口义义齿齿interiminterim denturedenture暂暂时时义义齿齿chapter 2 临床工作first visit初诊interview问诊complicantioncomplicantion并并发发症症accident意外情况informed consent知情同意书appointment复诊follow-up复查history taking病史采集chiefchief complaintcomplaint主主诉诉present history现病史phusical condition身体状况personality and psycholo

28、gical condition性格特征和精神心理状态social background社会背景past history既往史systemic medical history全身系统病史dental history口腔专科病史prosthodontic history修复治疗史restorative and endodontic history牙体牙髓治疗史periodontic history牙周病史orthodontic history正畸治疗史oral surgical history口腔外科治疗情况temporo-mandibular joint disorders history 颞下

29、颌关节紊乱病史radiographic history放射影像资料family history家族史oral examination口腔检查general oral examination口腔一般检查maxillofacial appearance examination口腔外部检查temporo-mandibular joint examination颞下颌关节区检查click弹想mandibular movement examination下颌运动检查mandibularmandibular openingopening开开口口度度pattens of mandibular opening

30、开口型intraoral examination口腔内部检查oral hygiene口腔卫生情况edentulous space examination缺牙部位的情况location，number and type of lose teeth缺牙的数目、部位、类型mesio-distal space近远中间隙occluso-gingivaloccluso-gingival spacespace牙牙合合龈龈间间隙隙examinationexamination ofof residualresidual ridgeridge剩剩余余牙牙槽槽嵴嵴情情况况high well-round residua

31、l ridge高圆形剩余牙槽嵴knife-edge residual ridge韧状牙槽嵴low well-round residual ridge低圆形牙槽嵴depressed residual ridge凹形牙槽嵴residual teeth examination余留牙的检查general condition一般情况proximal contact examtion邻面接触区的检查location of residual teeth余留牙的位置centriccentric occlusionocclusion 正正中中laterallateral occlusionocclusion侧侧

32、方方protrusiveprotrusive occlusionocclusion前前伸伸occlusionocclusion interferenceinterference牙牙合合干干扰扰prematurepremature contactcontact早早接接触触traumatic occlusion牙合创伤jaw bone and arch颌骨和颌弓关系existed restoration原有修复体roentgenographX线检查periapical film根尖片panoramic film曲面断层buried root tips残根存留unerupted tooth未萌出牙i

33、mpacted third molar第三磨牙阻生serial tomography系列断层摄影arthrography关节造影cephalometric radiogragh头颅侧位定位片studystudy castcast研研究究模模型型mountingmounting thethe articulatorarticulator上上牙牙合合架架occlusal force牙合力masticatory efficiency咀嚼效率electromyography肌电图diagnosis诊断prognosis预后treatment planning治疗计划clinical recording

34、病历记录preprosthetic oral preparation修复前的口腔准备unhealthyunhealthy prosthesesprostheses不不良良修修复复体体occlusalocclusal adjustmentadjustment oror grindinggrinding调调牙牙合合与与选选磨磨preprostheticpreprosthetic surgerysurgery修修复复前前的的外外科科处处理理labio-buccal sulcus extension 唇颊沟加深术vestibuloplasty前庭成形术reconstruction of atrophi

35、c residual ridge牙槽嵴重建术chapter 4 固定局部义齿fixedfixed partialpartial denturesdentures局局部部固固定定义义齿齿fixed bridge固定桥retainerretainer固固位位体体ponticpontic桥桥体体connectorconnector连连接接体体rigidlyrigidly fixedfixed bridgebridge双双端端固固定定桥桥semi-fixed bridge半固定桥cantilevercantilever fixedfixed bridgebridge单单端端固固定定桥桥compound

36、 bridge复合固定桥AntesAntes lawlawAnteAnte 法法则则crown-rootcrown-root ratioratio冠冠根根比比root configuration根的结构tipped and migrated abutment基牙的倾斜与移位bone loss骨高度降低程度arch curvature牙弓弧度pier abutment中间基牙fulcrum支点线intraradicularly retained bridge根内固位体saddle鞍氏ridgeridge laplap盖盖嵴嵴式式modifiedmodified ridgeridge laplap

37、改改良良盖盖嵴嵴式式conical圆锥式ovate卵圆形nono mucosalmucosal contactcontact悬悬空空式式桥桥体体sanitary 卫生桥modified sanitary改良卫生桥体Chapter3 牙列缺损修复 总论toothtooth defectdefect牙牙体体缺缺损损non-carious cervical lesion楔状缺损inlayinlay嵌嵌体体partialpartial veneerveneer crowncrown部部分分冠冠three-quarter crown3/4冠seven-eighth crown 7/8冠laminatel

38、aminate veneerveneer贴贴面面fullfull crowncrown全全冠冠metal full crown金属全冠cast full crown铸造金属全冠non-metal full crown 非金属全冠plastic full crown塑料全冠porcelain full crown全瓷冠compound full crown混合全冠Porcelain fused to metal crown,PFMC 烤瓷融附金属全冠metal-resin crown金属树脂混合全冠post-and-corepost-and-core crowncrown桩桩核核冠冠 tooth

39、 preparing牙体预备toothtooth preparationpreparation牙牙体体预预备备体体pathpath ofof placementplacement就就位位道道retention form and resistance form固位形frictional force摩擦力retentionretention轴轴向向固固位位resistanceresistance非非轴轴向向固固位位adhesion粘结力cement/luting agent粘结水门汀zinc phosphate cement磷酸锌水门汀polycarboxylate cement聚羧酸锌水门汀gl

40、ass ionomer cement玻璃离子水门汀resin cement树脂水门汀resin modified glass ionomer cement 树脂改良玻璃离子水门汀componer复合体水门汀hybridhybrid layerlayer混混合合层层smearsmear layerlayer玷玷污污层层total-etching全酸蚀self-etching自酸蚀tapertaper聚聚合合度度mechanical interlock机械锁合retentionretention固固位位strengthstrength 抗抗力力strength form抗力形box form洞固位

41、形groove（轴）沟pin hole针道marginmargin边边缘缘finishfinish lineline终终止止线线（预预备备体体上上）gingivalgingival marginmargin龈龈边边缘缘（修修复复体体上上）supragingival margin龈上边缘subgingival margin龈下边缘gingivalgingival retractionretraction排排龈龈knife edge刃状边缘bevel斜面chamferchamfer无无角角肩肩台台heavy chamfer深无角肩台round end diamond bur圆头金刚砂车针torpe

42、do diamon bur鱼雷状金刚砂车针shouldershoulder有有角角肩肩台台internal line angle内线角shouldershoulder withwith bevelbevel有有斜斜面面的的有有角角肩肩台台marginalmarginal fitness/adaptationfitness/adaptation修修复复体体边边缘缘的的密密合合度度 huehue色色调调chromachroma饱饱和和度度valuevalue亮亮度度opalescence乳光现象gingivalgingival displacementdisplacement排排龈龈impress

43、ionimpression makingmaking取取印印模模displacementdisplacement cordcord排排龈龈线线 alginate藻酸盐agar琼脂silicone rubber硅橡胶condensation silicone缩合型硅橡胶addition/polyvinyl silicone加成型硅橡胶polyether rubber聚醚橡胶light body高流动型（硅橡胶印模材）medium body中流动型heavy body低流动型putty油泥型（腻子）base paste基质膏catalyst paste催化剂膏putty-wash techniqu

44、e二次印模法monophase单一印模法provisionalprovisional crowncrown临临时时冠冠prefabricatedprefabricated crowncrown预预成成冠冠polymethymethacrylate甲基丙烯酸甲酯塑料Bis-acryl composite丙烯酸树脂cementationcementation粘粘结结try-intry-in试试戴戴seatingseating就就位位proximalproximal contactcontact邻邻面面接接触触区区contact gauge邻面接触检查片hypersensitivity过敏性疼痛sp

45、ontaneous pain自发性疼痛occlusalocclusal painpain咬咬合合痛痛foodfood impactionimpaction食食物物嵌嵌塞塞loosening 松动perforation穿孔breakage破裂chapter 3 牙列缺损修复 各论proximal-occlusal inlay邻合嵌体cavo-surface angle洞缘斜面box form箱状pin hole钉洞grove沟onlayonlay高高嵌嵌体体base垫底working cast工作模型die代型dowel pin代型钉wax pattern蜡型investing包埋spruesp

46、rue铸铸道道polishing抛光castcast completecomplete crowncrown铸铸造造金金属属全全冠冠lost-wax casting失蜡铸造precious alloy贵金属gold-palladium alloy金钯合金Nickel-chromium alloy镍铬合金convergence聚合度functionalfunctional cuspcusp levellevel功功能能尖尖斜斜面面occlusoaxial line angle合轴面线角guidingguiding groovegroove定定位位沟沟porcelainporcelain powd

47、erspowders瓷瓷粉粉inertness惰性biocompatibility生物相容性oxide layer氧化层coefficient of thermal expansion热膨胀系数sag resistance挠曲强度chemical bonding化学结合full porcelain veneer全瓷覆盖mechanical interlocking机械锁结opaque不透明层 bodybody porcelainporcelain体体瓷瓷metal-porcelainmetal-porcelain junctionjunction金金瓷瓷交交界界butt-to-butt端对端i

48、ncisal reduction切端磨除lingual fossa preparation舌窝预备shadeshade selectionselection选选色色commercialcommercial shadeshade guideguide商商业业比比色色板板rubber cup磨光杯prophylaxis paste抛光膏die spacer间隙剂seperating agent分离剂cutback回切devesting开圈sandblasting喷砂glazing上釉translucencytranslucency半半透透明明性性depth orientation groove深度

49、指示沟lingual axial wall舌轴面compomer复合体resin modified glass ionomers树脂改良玻璃离子粘接剂porcelain jacket crowns, PJC瓷甲冠volume shrinkage体积收缩post-and-corepost-and-core crowncrown桩桩核核冠冠post桩core核customcustom castcast postpost铸铸造造桩桩prefabricatedprefabricated postpost预预成成桩桩ferruleferrule牙牙本本质质肩肩领领biologicbiologic wid

50、thwidth生生物物学学宽宽度度crowncrown lengthinglengthing牙牙冠冠延延长长术术multipiece post-and-core分裂桩microleakagemicroleakage边边缘缘微微漏漏direct veneer restoration直接法贴面修复indirect veneer restoration间接法贴面修复preformed/prefabricated veneer预成贴面laborato-manufactured veneer技工室制作的贴面composite veneer复合树脂贴面acrylic veneer丙烯酸树脂贴面procel

51、ain veneer/all ceramic veneer 全瓷贴面shear bonding strength剪切粘接强度impression taking印模制取temporarytemporary restorationrestoration暂暂时时性性修修复复体体working cast工作模型removable dies代型refractory dies耐火代型procelain layering堆瓷firing烧结staining上色try-in paste试色糊剂composite luting cement复合树脂封闭剂acidetchingacidetching酸酸蚀蚀int

52、erlockinginterlocking机机械械嵌嵌合合作作用用chemical bonding化学粘接primerprimer前前处处理理剂剂dentindentin bondingbonding agentagent牙牙本本质质粘粘接接剂剂ChapterChapter 6 6 可可摘摘局局部部义义齿齿removableremovable partialpartial denturedenture可可摘摘局局部部义义齿齿partialllypartiallly edentulousedentulous archesarches牙牙列列缺缺损损Framwork RPD铸造支架式可摘局部义齿p

53、lastic RPD塑料胶连式可摘局部义齿Full metal RPD全金属可摘局部义齿toothtooth borneborne RPDRPD牙牙支支持持式式可可摘摘局局部部义义齿齿tooth-tissue-borne RPD牙与粘膜混合支持式tooth-mucosa bornedento-alveolar & muco-osseous supportmucosa borne粘膜支持式muco-osseous supportKennedys Classification牙列缺损的Kennedy分类saddle鞍基distal extension远中游离端fulcrumfulcrum

54、lineline支支点点线线AxisAxis ofof Rotation,Rotation, ARAR转转动动轴轴Retention固位RetainerRetainer固固位位体体dislodging脱位dislodgingdislodging forceforce脱脱位位力力DirectDirect RetainerRetainer直直接接固固位位体体intra-coronal retainer冠内固位体intracoronal attachment冠内附着体precision attachments精密附着体extra-coronal retainer冠外固位体claspclasp卡卡环环

55、telescopic crown retainer套筒冠固位体extracoronal attachment冠外附着体claspclasp armarm卡卡环环臂臂retentiveretentive armarm固固位位臂臂stabilizingstabilizing， reciprocationreciprocation armarm稳稳定定对对抗抗臂臂shoulder of circumferential retentive clasp arm卡环肩角retentive tip of clasp arm固位臂尖undercutundercut倒倒凹凹surveysurvey lineli

56、ne观观测测线线restrest支支托托occlusalocclusal restrest合合支支托托cingulumcingulum restrest舌舌隆隆突突支支托托incisal rest切支托overlay rest合垫rest seat支托凹centralcentral stopstop垂垂直直终终止止点点clasp body卡环体minorminor connectorconnector小小连连接接体体proximalproximal plateplate邻邻面面板板bracing卡抱作用stabilizing， reciprocation稳定对抗作用passivity被动作用c

57、astingcasting claspclasp铸铸造造卡卡环环wroughtwrought wirewire claspclasp弯弯制制卡卡环环circumferential clasps圆环形卡环bar clasps杆型卡环suprabulge clasps凸点上型卡环simplesimple circumferentialcircumferential claspsclasps简简单单圆圆环环形形卡卡环环ringring claspsclasps圈圈形形卡卡环环backback actionaction claspclasp andand reversereverse backback

58、 claspclasp回回力力卡卡环环halfhalf andand halfhalf claspclasp对对半半卡卡环环combined clasp联合卡环extension clasp延伸卡环continuous clasp连续卡环reverse hook clasp倒钩卡环reverse action clasphairpin claspcaninecanine claspclasp尖尖牙牙卡卡环环I-barI形杆式卡环T-bar T形杆式卡环modified T-bar改良T形杆式卡环Y-barY形杆式卡环U-barU形杆式卡环rest-proximalrest-proximal p

59、late-Iplate-I barbarRPIRPI卡卡环环组组rest-proximalrest-proximal plate-Akerplate-Aker claspclaspRPARPA卡卡环环组组swing lock clasp 悬索卡环casting labial bar铸造唇杆retention finger固位指functionalfunctional impressionimpression功功能能性性印印模模indirectindirect retainersretainers间间接接固固位位体体rotation旋转tissueward movement 下沉majormaj

60、or connectorconnector大大连连接接体体minorminor connectorconnector小小连连接接体体linguallingual barbar下下颌颌舌舌杆杆连连接接体体sagittal section矢状断面half-pear shape半梨形linguoplatelinguoplate下下颌颌舌舌板板lingual bar with continuous bar retainer下颌双舌杆连接体labial bar下颌唇（颊）侧杆连接体（唇杆、颊杆）singlesingle palatalpalatal strapstrap上上颌颌腭腭带带连连接接体体anteria