翻译的八大常用技巧

1、. 作用与意义1. 重译法 ： 为了明确、为了强调、为了生动2. 增译法 ： 为了更忠实于原文的意思，而又更合乎译文的表达习惯3. 减译法 ： 源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法 4. 词类转移法 ：语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变，词序有时也随之变化5. 词序调整法 ：语言之间构成形式并非完全相同，做必不可少的词序改变6. 分译法 ： 主要用于长句的翻译，有时存在于词语语义的分译7. 正反翻译法 ：由于语言的习惯差异-正话反说，反话正说8. 语态变换法 ：主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换重译法（repetition） ：In the event of one

2、of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediate render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal.一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭，因而处于战争状态时，缔约国的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。We

3、 have to analyze and solve problems.我们要分析问题，解决问题。A large family has its difficulties.大（家庭）有大（家庭）的难处。Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold.这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具，当的当了，卖的卖了。Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.舟遥遥以轻扬，风飘飘而吹衣。Ridges of fields grow f

4、ew and far between,While far away some cottages are seen.梯田渐渐稀，村舍遥遥对。寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候，最将难息。Seek, seek; search, search;Cold, cold; bare, bare;Grief, grief; cruel, cruel grief.Now warm, then like the autumn cold again,How hard to calm the heart!增译法 (amplification)Reading makes a full man; confe

5、rence a ready man; and writing an exact man.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.他们的主人家，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上菜啊，又是切面包啊，又是扯谈啊，又是嬉笑啊，又是敬酒啊，没得歇停。三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。The

6、 magistrates are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps.交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。这样才能把工作做好。Before handling in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only thus can you do yo

7、ur work well. I am looking forward to the holidays.我在等待假日的到来。减译法（omission）A book is useful.书（是）有用（的）。These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources.这些发展中国家地大物博，人口众多。要推迟战争的爆发，就要反对那样的绥靖政策，不管是军事的、政治的、经济的绥靖，都要反对。To delay the outbreak of wa

8、r, it is necessary to oppose the policy of appeasement like that, militarily, politically and economically.If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.他会得寸进尺。质子带阳电，电子带阴电，而中子既不带阳电，也不带阴电。A proton has a positive charge and an electron has a negative charge, but a neutron has neither.词类转移法 (conversion)

9、The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries.贸易的剧增给两国带来了益处。( V+ adv adj + n )What kind of sailor are you?你晕不晕船？ （be a good/ bad sailor） ( adj+n v)Our age is witnessing a profound political change.我们的时代是深刻的政治变革的见证。 ( V N )一定要少说空话，多做工作。There must be less empty talk

10、 and more hard work. ( adv+VO adj + S )It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.生于社会，不能脱离社会。 ( AdjV )Saud was a frustrated man at that time.沙特那时已经受了打击。 （ adjV ）No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number people of the old generation back 36 years ago

11、.难怪老一辈的许多人见了这个就会想到36年前的往事。 ( N+ of structure VO )我们在20年间坐视原料价格下跌，工业品价格暴涨。For 20 years we were passive witness to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods. ( adj+n adv+V )词序调整法 (inversion) 短语层面：Mr. Stevenson 史蒂文森先生 Mr. President 总统

12、先生 Room 520 520房间 The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 中共中央 ill-tempered 性情乖戾的 East China 华东地区 Major-General Mohammed Khan, The First Brigade, The Sixth Division, Pakistan Army 巴基斯坦陆军第六师第一旅穆罕默德*汗少将 句子层面：They were sons of the men who had left their homes and taken to the mountains wi

13、th their broad swords by their sides.他们都是那些抛妻别子、扛着大刀（腰间别着大刀）进入深山的好汉们的后代。He drinks half of a bottle of beer with each of his meals.每餐他都要喝半瓶啤酒。Never have we seen so bright a future before us!我们从来没有见过这样光明的前途。这多大学现有计算机科学、高能物理、激光、地球物理、遥感技术、遗传工程六个专业。This university has six faculties, namely, Computer Scie

14、nce, High Energy Physics, Laser, Geo-physics, Remote Sensing and Genetic Engineering.分译法 (Division) She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own.她心地厚道，笑容可掬，温婉动人，气量又大，为人又乐观。Not that the parting speech caused Amelia to philosophize, or that it aimed her in any way with a c

15、almness, the result of argument, 倒并不是临别赠言让艾米利亚想得通丢的开，因此心平气和，镇静下来 。She treated that lady with every demonstration of cool respect, 他对那位夫人不冷不热，不错规矩。The Civil War, lasting four years and costing at least a million lives, civilian and military, was the most extensive war ever fought on the soil of the N

16、ew World, a war that proved to the planters in a revolutionary way that human beings in America could no longer be bought or sold, worked and killed at will to serve the profit of parasitic landowners.美国的南北战争历时四年之久，夺去了至少一百万军民的生命，是在新大陆进行的规模最大的一次战争，这次战争以革命的方式使种植园主意识到：在美国，再也不能为寄生的土地所有者的利益而把人任意买卖、任意驱使、任

17、意杀害了。It is in line with the Charter, which recognizes the value of regional efforts to solve problems and settle disputes.它符合宪章精神，因为宪章承认由地区进行排难解纷的作用。（试想，如若汉译版本的该句也采取类似于英文的定语，因而而进行前置或是多么的头重脚轻）It had been anticipated that results would now begin to show an increase in living standard in Russia. Instea

18、d, the necessity to greatly increase the direct expenditure on armaments and still further raise the already high percentage of the national income devoted to defense means further postponement of reward to the ordinary workers and consumers as a consequence of the great industrial effort since war.

19、 原来预料俄国的生活水平现在会因此而提高。可是不然，直接的军费需要大大的增加，在国民收入中已经占很大比例的国防费用还需要更加提高。这也就是说，由于战后工业方面的巨大努力，普通工人和消费者得到的好处的时间，又要推迟了。正反翻译法 (Negation) I dont think Tom is correct.我认为汤姆不对。A: Are you not going tomorrow? 甲：你明天不去吗？B: No, Im not going. 乙：是的，我不去。Africa is not kicking out Western imperialism in order to invite othe

20、r new masters.非洲不踢出西方帝国主义为了请进其他新的主子。 非洲踢出西方帝国主义，并不是为了请来其他新的主子。 That building is in a state of neglect.那座大楼处于无人管理的状态。That fellow is far from being honest.那家伙很不老实。All criminals are not murderers!罪犯并非全是杀人犯！Avoid operating the keys roughly.使用按键，切勿用力过猛。Live up to the expectation of 不辜负 。防弹衣、不冻港、无核区Bullet-proof , ice-free , nuclear-weapon-free 语态变换法 (the c