英语最后一课.ppt

1、2014考前指导,英 语,一、听力基本做法,1. 听前预读，有的放矢。考生拿到试卷后利用听之前的时间及题与题之间的间隙时间，快速抢读问题和选项，带着问题有目的的听录音能提高准确率。,2. 随听随记，无把握就猜。善于运用自己所获得的信息，根据读音或着上下文进行快速的判断和猜测，进行优化处理。,二、听力热点突破,、地点 涉及地点的对话可分为三类：对话双方在同一地点对话双方要去不同的地方对话双方的一方去了多个地方。通常涉及地点： 1. At hospital：examine，headache，cold and flu，pill，blood pressure， 2. At hotel：book a r

2、oom, a single/double room 3. At restaurant：menu, order, bill, beer, wine 4. In the library：book, magazine 5. In the bank：cash, check 6. At a shop：size, color, style, discount, 7. In a house： parents, kid, relative, food, housework,2. 时间 首先要明确时间的几种表达方式：hour、minute、 week、month、year、century、am、pm、half

3、past six、a quarter to ten、nine twenty、after、before、early、late、delay 当涉及的时间有多个时，一定弄清楚谁在什么时候做了什么，弄清楚时间的先后顺序，有时候时间也涉及简单的计算。 做题时首先浏览问题与选项，看题目要求通过动作或事件判断时间，还是通过时间选定动作或事件，这样正确率会很高。,3. 人物关系： doctorpatient waiter/waitresscustomer secretaryboss shop assistantcustomer driverpoliceman teacherstudent salesmancu

4、stomer husbandwife lawyerclient . doctor and patient：trouble、check、pain、sore、fever、heart、stomach、lungs、blood test、prescription、light diet、when did it start、open your mouth . husband and wife：dear、darling、sweetheart、my love、cook、picnic、TV、dinner 如果是上司跟下属之间的关系，语气一般较强硬，有命令的意味；如果是夫妻之间，则语气较为甜蜜，随意；朋友之间较亲切

5、；服务员对顾客一般较尊敬。,4. 数字 无论是哪种计算，其特点是计算都较简单， 1) 最好做简要的笔记，依笔记去区分或计算，计算速度很关键。 2) 这类题的特点是学生听到什么就选什么往往会错。 3) -teen结尾的数词与以-ty结尾的数词容易混，要正确分辨。 4) 以-th结尾的序数词容易与其对应的基数词相混。一 般在日期，周年楼层的层后用序数词；而价格，房号，时间等用基数词。,5. 逻辑推理,提问方式：,What does he/she mean? What does the man/woman imply? What is the most probable result of the

6、conversation? What can we learn from what the speaker said? What can we infer (conclude) from the conversation?,该类试题多为一个说话人提出问题，发出邀请或者表明观点等，另一个不做正面回答，而是说一些与表面上毫不相关的话，或用反问做答，或重复对方话语的一部分，通过语气，语调表明自己的态度。我们必须要听懂说话者的弦外之音，做出正确判断。 1捕捉“弦外之音“，如降调表示赞同肯定；升调 表示疑问否定。 2侧重but/however/though等词后的信息，这些词 后往往表转折。 3注意一些

7、语法结构的运用，如虚拟语气表示与事 实相反；否定比较级结构表示最高级；定语从句 对人和事进一步修饰。,单项填空 仔细看题干, 不要只读带空格的那一句. 要瞻前顾后, 上挂下连, 首尾呼应. 含两个空的题, 先确定有把握的那一个. 不好判断题可采用排除法. 单选的重点在动词, 应当特别注意时态,情态动词, 非谓语动词的使用及短语动词的辨析. 题目是疑问句, 可先变为陈述句, 被动的先变为主动, 省略的先还原成完整结构, 均有利于判断. 不可在此恋战, 10分钟内务必完成.,一、增强语境意识，提高分析语境的能力： 语境题包含语境信息。题干中的语境信息常是单词、短语或句子，有时甚至是一个标点符号 。

8、准确把握语境信息可以成功地解答单选题。 如：,1. - I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. - Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left 2. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considerin

9、g C. considered D. is going to consider,D,B,3. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told 4. -Would you tell me_ you want your coffee with sugar or milk? - Sugar, please. A. whether B. when C. what D. how,A,D,二. 参考命题意图，排除各种干扰 高考的选拨性决定了单

10、项填空题不会让所有的人顺利过关，命题人通常从以下角度设计干扰信息： （一）句型的转换引起的干扰： 对策：运用还原法,再现真面目 主要用来解决一些非正常语序的题目，如被动句、疑问句、感叹句、倒装句、省略句等，我们可以先将其复原为陈述语序再来做题.,1. Every minute is made full _ of _ our lessons. A. use; study B. useful; to study C. use; to study D. used; studying,还原为：We should make full _ of every minute _our lessons,C,2.

11、 It was _ the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home Arepair Brepairing Cto repair Din repair,B,还原为：The old man spent the whole morning _ the old clock at home,（二)插入语干扰 这类题主要是利用插入语，增加句子的复杂 程度，从而达到干扰考生视线的目的。 对策： 去掉插入语,He believes in himself，_， in my opinion，is of the most importan

12、ce Athat Bwhich Cwhat Das,( ),B,2. The writer and professor，whom I often refer to at the meetings，_ famous for those works Ais Bare Cam Dwere . He will tell you _ he expects will win such a match Awhy Bwhom Cwhich Dwho,A,( ),D,(,),（三）标点符号干扰 标点符号在英语句式中的配合作用是不容忽视的，从英语的句型结构这一角度来看，它甚至是起着决定性的作用它决定着句子的单复形

13、式，决定着选词造句等 其他诸多问题。 对策：掌握英语中逗号的作用、常见句子结构及并列连词,1. Tom，_ sure to come tomorrow A is Bbe Cwas D would be 2. All the money_, John had to start looking for a job. A. was cost B. had cost C. having been spent D. having spent 3. _，I had to walk home A .There was no bus B. There being no bus C. There were no

14、 busesD. There was not a bus,B,C,B,（四）省略句干扰 对策：补充省略成分，确定正确选择,1. -What made you so happy ? -_. A. Because of my passing the exam. B. I passed the exam. C. Because I passed the exam. D. My passing the exam. 2. She is looking so forward as much to his return as he himself to _ her. A.have seen B. seein

15、g C. see D. having seen,(made me so happy),D,（改）She is looking so forward as much to his return as he himself (is looking forward) to _ her.,B,3. Tom is better at physics than Jack, but not _ at chemistry. A. good B. better C. as good D. too good 4. -I cant find Mr. Morris. Where did you meet him ye

16、sterday ? -It was in the hotel _ he stayed. A. where B. whichC. thatD. the one,改：Tom is better at physics than Jack, but not _ （as ）at chemistry.,C,(that I meet him yesterday),A,(五) 排除母语或文化差异的干扰 对策: 了解西方文化背景,风俗和思维习惯,-Id like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr. Smith. - _. A. Oh, no. Lets not.

17、 B. Id rather stay at home C. Im very sorry, but I have other plans D. Oh, no. Thatll be too much trouble.,C,接受邀请时用yes, I d love/like to 或yes, Id like that. 或yes, its very kind/nice of you; 在表示拒绝时, 一般用Im sorry, but / Im afraid, but/ Id like/ love to , but,- Its getting late. Im afraid I must be goin

18、g now. - OK. _. A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. So long 3. - Waiter! - _ - I cant eat this. Its too salty. A. Yes, sir? B. What? C. All right? D. Pardon?,D,A,(六）思维定势干拢 所谓定势思维，就是习惯性地遵循某一单一模式进行的思维,也就是从原有的知识经验出发，机械地套用老方法，按某种固定的思路去思考问题，轻而易举地得出 “正确答案”，结果错了。 对策：运用固定词组, 句子结构, 语法分析法,2. Dont l

19、et the child who is _ go to school. A. so young as to B. not old enough to C. too young to D. not old enough 3. They insisted that the cruel woman _ thrown into prison. A. refers to B. referred to be C. referred to beingD. refers to be 6. Here is so big a stone _ no one can move Athat Bwhich Cas Das

20、 to,( ),D,They insisted that the cruel woman (referred to ) (should)be thrown into prison.,B,C,( Here is so big a stone _ no one can move it.),A,完形填空,正确的答题步骤:,1. 浏览全文,掌握文章的中心及脉络; a. 应用阅读技能,进行缺词阅读. b. 注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句. 2. 分层落实,逐个填空; a. 先填上固定搭配与习惯表达,基本句型等较容易 的空格. b. 对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲, 力 争突破难点. 3. 通读

21、全文,检查核对.,灵活的解题技巧,1. 照应 ，瞻前顾后联系全文。,2. 积累，掌握 固定搭配的用法与同义词的辨析。,3. 分清逻辑关系，注意文中分类、对比、从属、并列等关系所用的词语。,4. 充分利用你的常识。,1. 照应： 充分利用文章的结构，上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。有时可能是同义词，有时可能是反义词。1） Travelling west, you set your clock 7 ; travelling east, you set it ahead Travelling 15 today becomes yesterday; travelling west it

22、is tomorrow. 7. A. behind B. forward C. back D. ahead 15. A. south B. east C. north D. west 2） So the slave was pardoned and 50. A. killed B. rich C. happy D. freed,2.积累： 固定搭配包括介词与动词的搭配、动词与宾语的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等。要根据内容选择正确的短语。 They spend millions of dollars yearly _ newspapers and magazines A. in B. to C.

23、 on D.for Tom told what he saw to the man and it wasnt long _ the police caught the thief. A. that B.before C. until D. then Some people in India do not eat meat or fish _. A. after all B. in the end C. at all D. no longer,3.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项。 1) and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying th

24、at the mushrooms had a very strange _ quite pleasant taste. A. besides B. but C. and D. or 2) A transistor radio is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry _, radio broadcasts are better for blind people.A. Besides B. However C. Yet D. Sometimes,1) , because the earth _ twenty-four time zones

25、, one hour apart. A. gives B. is C. is divided into D. shows 2) There ，1350 feet above the street, a _ figure was walking on air. A. great B. strange C. public D. tinny,4.充分利用生活常识以及相关知识。,为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?,没有严格遵循答题步骤: 多数同学考试时担心时间紧,在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题.事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到12-15分钟.切记:一定要用2-3分钟时间进行

26、缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空. 2. 不注意积累答题技巧: a.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系; b.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱 碰运气的心理随意作出选择. 3. 需培养五种意识: 词汇语法意识，上下文意识，主题思想意识，社会生活体验意识，跨文化意识,阅读理解,1事实细节题 2主旨大意题 3猜测词义题 4推理判断题 5识别图形题 6理解作者的意图和态度题,任务型阅读,2014年考纲要求考生认真阅读短文，并根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。 注意：每空只填一个单词，补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求。,表格型 (table-shape

27、d) 树状型 (Tree shaped),题型(types),表格型 table-shaped,Change in Todays Children,树状型 Tree shaped,The Internet,Sub-topic,Sub-topic,Necessary Skills,主题明确 Obvious topic sentence 文章脉络结构清楚 Clear structure,文章特点,解题步骤一,浏览表格，理清脉络； 通读全文，掌握大意,标题先看、易题先做,解题步骤二,划分段落，对照表格 确认细节，找出关键词(句),易题先做,解题步骤三,整合信息，填写表格 确保形式、语法正确,根据表格

28、填词：对比表格信息Words filled based on the form,similarities advantages strengths directly,differences,disadvantages,weaknesses,indirectly,常见概括性词,significance importance meaning,advantages disadvantages,differences similarities,优劣,异同,意义,观点,opinion view attitude,reason cause,result effect consequence,measure

29、 solution way method,原因,方法,结果,目的,aim purpose goal,强项弱项,strengths weaknesses,信息归纳题,解题技巧：,Rules for different types of passages,Title Theme / Topic Present / Current situation A common phenomenon / Problems with Different attitudes to/towards an issue Supporting details/detailed information Ways/Measu

30、res to solve the problem Approaches to solving Solution to the problem Suggestions / advice / tips offered / given Conclusion,议论文,Rules for different types of passages,Name Age Sex Birthplace Nationality Education Life stories / experiences Contributions / Achievements Influence,人物介绍,Location (be lo

31、cated / situated in / lie in) Origin (be originally called) Size (cover an area of) Population (with a growing/an increasing population of) Fame (be famous for / historic sites / scenic spots / places of interest / tourist attraction / tourist destination) History Development (economy / culture) Inf

32、luence Future,城市、机构、建筑物等,Rules for different types of passages,Brand Type Characteristics/features Functions Advantages (over other products) Benefits (be beneficial to),产品介绍,平均分： 峰值：,约13分(08),1718分,书面表达是提高分数最大的潜力股,书面表达,高考阅卷特点： 1.阅卷的速度快； 2. 阅卷时间长； 3.阅卷老师的心理状态：,给分中庸,影响给分的四大因素：,一. 作文的卷面；,二. 文中所采用的语言材料

33、的层次；,三. 行文的流畅度；,四. 文章的思想性；,一. 作文的卷面；,漂亮的书写是写作得分的亮点,认真练习练书法；可改变,建议 I：,二. 文中所采用的语言材料的层次；,人靠衣装，文靠词装,A. 词汇的选择灵活新颖；,B. 句型结构运用灵活多变;,C. 勿忘稳妥,good 2. think 3. in my opinion,perfect. excellent. outstanding promising favorable ,hold the view that it is widely shared that it is universally acknowledged that ,f

34、rom my point of view,4. more and more 5. remember 6. helpful,have in mind,an increasing number of a growing number of,beneficial, rewarding,三. 行文的流畅度,上下贯通、一气呵成,四. 突出文章段落中的主题句；,五。连接词，过渡词,意义上承上启下的连接词： whats more, moreover, at the same time, then, besides, in addition, furthermore,意义转折的连接词： however, ne

35、vertheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, in other words, by the way ,表因果关系的: since, as, because (of), for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that,表条件关系的: if, on the condition (that), as long as, unless, or else,表时间关系的: later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventua

36、lly, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning/year/century, now, resently, later, afterward, somewhat later, finally, at last, all of a sudden,表换一种方式表达: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way,表进行举例说明: for instance, for example, like, such as,表陈述事实: i

37、n fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth,表特定的顺序关系:,above all, first of all, firstly, secondly next, finally, in the end, at last,表总结:,on the whole, in short, all in all, at last, in a word, to sum up,特别注意： 1. 避免低级错误，尤其写好首尾段；,2. 对高考最后一段重视;,高考高分作文欣赏 There are basically two ways to

38、get work done. One way is working individually and the other is working in a team. Of course, they each have their own characteristics. The former, working individually, can allow people to do things in whatever ways they like. Besides, people can also solve problems by themselves. The latter, howev

39、er, is quite different. It requires team spirit. As is known to all, two heads are better than one. Many people can talk over problems together. Whats more, people can learn from each other in team work.,Personally, I prefer to combine them together. Because working individually can help me build up my ability to stand on my own feet while working in a team gives me a