SYT5981-2000常规试油试采技术规程

ICS75010E11备案号8202200中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准中文/ENGLISHSY/T59812000代替SY/T598194,SY/T601694常规试油试采技术规程TECHNOLOGYPROCEDUREFORCONVENTIONALWELLTESTINGANDPRODUCTIONTESTING20001225发布20010601实施国家石油和化学工业局发布SY/T598124N阅目次前言II1范围12引用标准13常规试油，14试井55自喷井试采56非自喷井试采57气井试采，二68稠油井试油试采一69防火、防爆、安全、环保管理8SY/T59812000OLI青本标准是对SY/T598194探井试油作业规程和SY/T601694稠油井试油试采作业规程两个标准进行修订而形成的。本次修订，删除了上述标准所涉及的重复内容，充实了常规试油试采有关规程内容。本标准从生效之日起，同时代替SY/T598194和SY/T6016940本标准由中国石油天然气集团公司提出。本标准由石油地质勘探专业标准化委员会归口。本标准起草单位大庆油田有限责任公司试油试采分公司。本标准主要起草人唐元清、曲立峰、高德权。SY/T598194和SY/T601694均为1995年1月首次发布，本次为第一次修订。本标准以中文和英文两种文字出版。当英文和中文两种版本有歧义时，以中文版本为准。SY/T59812000常规试油试采技术规程范围本标准规定了油气井常规试油、试采施工的内容、程序和方法。本标准适用于油气井常规试油、试采作业。2引用标准下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。SY/T505093游梁式抽油机的使用与维护SY52251994石油与天然气钻井、开发、储运防火防爆安全生产管理规定SY/T54402000天然气井试井技术规范SY546792套管柱试压规范SY/T5587393油水井常规修井作业压井替喷作业规程SY/T5587593油水井常规修井作业油水井探砂面、冲砂作业规程SY/T5587693油水井常规修井作业起下油管作业规程SY/T5587793油水井常规修井作业洗井作业规程SY/T560493常规射孔作业技术规程SY/T570095常规游梁抽油机井操作规程SY/T578993油气井诱喷作业规程SY/T579593游梁式抽油机安装尺寸、易损件配合尺寸SY/T583693中深井压裂设计施工方法SY/T586493抽油机井示功图测试SY/T5873193有杆泵抽油作业工艺方法常规抽油SY/T59801999探井试油测试设计规范SY/T608894深井压裂工艺作法SY613719含硫气井安全生产技术规定SY/T61711995气藏试采技术规范SY/T61721995油井试井技术要求SY62771997含硫油气田硫化氢监测与人身安全防护规定SY/T62931997勘探试油工作规范SY/T63341997油、水井酸化设计与施工验收规范3常规试油31施工前准备311钻井与试油交接井口交接应符合SY/T62931997中附录AI的规定。312资料准备3121根据试油方案地质设计编写试油工程施工设计并应符合SY/T5980的规定。SY/T598120003122绘制井身结构图并标注井眼尺寸、套管程序、水泥返深、阻流环位置、人工井底和试油层位、层号、井段、厚度、测井解释结论、试油目的等。32施工准备321井场布置3211地面平坦无积水及障碍物。3212值班房应摆放在上风日且距井口30M以外。3213作业液罐、计量罐、污液储存罐应摆放在井场指定位置且与值班房不在同一方位。3214配备消防设施，灵活好用，位置适当。322井场照明3221井场线路布置规范，不准横穿井场和妨碍交通。3222电线及架线用的支柱应绝缘良好，严禁将电线直接挂在井架、井架绷绳或其他导体上。3223井架照明灯具应采用36V的探照灯和防爆灯。3224电器总开关装在值班房内，探照灯、防爆灯的开关分别设全并碗备触、漏电保护装置。323安装井口及连接地面流程3231在油层套管头上安装采油树大四通。3232安装试油防喷器全封和半封及放喷管线。3233搭好井口操作台钻台、拉油管装置及滑道。3234油气分离器点火管线用直通硬管线并固定，燃烧器距分离器不得少于50M且与地面垂直高度不少于3M并固定。3235井口要用清水或氮气试压到预计工作压力的12倍，分离器及地面测试管线要用清水试压到预计工作压力的“倍，稳压，5MIN不漏为合格。出“管线卑神解邺连接，不准有小于900的急弯并固定牢靠。丫_324施工设备要求施工设备应符合SY/T5587693中32的规定。325下井油管要求下井油管应符合SY/T5587693中33规定。326压井液要求压井液应符合SY/T5587393中431规定。33通井洗井、冲砂、试压、实搜人工井底_331通井沐影一礁一诗毅黔鬓使用刮管器或通井规通井，通井规外径小于套管内径68MM鑫轰组长度不小于05M，套管完成井通至人工井底裸眼、筛管完成井通至套管鞋以上1015M,裸旅参缘管部分用油管通至井底。332洗并下洗井管柱进行充分循环洗井，洗井液用量不得小于井筒容积的两倍，上返流速大于15M/S,连续循环两周以上，达到进出口液性一致，机械杂质含量小于002为合格。333冲砂3331冲砂前实探砂面深度，然后上提管柱至砂面3M以上，开泵循环正常后下放管柱冲砂。3332探砂面管柱悬重降低58KNO3333冲砂时不得中途停泵，若泵车发生故障或其他原因不能连续冲砂时，立即上提冲砂管柱到原始砂面以上当提升系统发生故障时，要保证正常循环。3334冲砂至设计井深后，要大排量循环洗井，出口液含砂量小于002为合格，停泵30MIN后下放管柱实探砂面深度。SY/T59812000334套管、采油树试压套管、采油树试压应符合SY546792中412和413的规定。335实探人工井底实探人工井底时要缓慢下放管柱，悬重下降12KN，实探三次，相对误差小于。5M，取最浅深度为人工井底深度。34射孔341按设计要求替人射孔液。342按试油设计要求进行射孔并应符合SY/T5604的规定。35排液求产351替喷替喷应符合SY/T55873的规定352气举排液求产3521安装气举施工地面管线流程并连接到计量雌及污液储存罐。3522气举介质应使用氮气或二氧化碳。3523气举设备停在井口上风方向，距井口和计量罐不得小于15M,3524气举管线应使用油管连接，平直落地并固定，管线试压不能低于气举设备最高工作压力，在气举管线上安装放空闸门及单流阀，出口管线长度应在30M以上，出口管线在井口处不允许接小于90。的弯头或活动弯头。3525中途处理故障时，应停机放压后进行。气举时非操作人员不得进人高压区。3526油井应放掉井筒气后方能气举。气举施工完成后应放尽油管和油套环形空间的气体，才能关井或开井求产。3527气举深度不能超过套管允许掏空深度对岩性硫松的油气层要严格控制回压，防止出砂或地层跨塌。3528选择合理的工作制度进行求产，准确计量油、水产量。353提捞排液求产3531提捞作业使用直径为125MM或直径为155。的钢丝绳，提捞筒与钢丝绳应连接牢固。3532计量罐应平整地摆放在距离井口2M以内的地方。3533达到提捞深度时，留在滚筒上的钢丝绳不少于25圈。3534提捞深度允许误差小于10O,3535提捞求产深度应大于射孔段底界深度LOM似上。3536连续提捞2次，每次捞出液均少于0005M为捞空。354抽汲排液求产3541安装采油树及井口防喷装里，摆放计量雄，距井口510M,3542施工应符合SY/T578993中53的规定。3543排液结束后，选择合理的工作制度定深抽汲求产。3544连续抽汲2次，每次均无液产出为抽空。355探液面求产3551探液面求产主要用于低压低产纯油层或水层。3552降液面至设计深度后，按照设计的时间间隔探动液面深度。3553准确记录测点时间间隔AT、动液面深度L及液面差4L，计算出每个时间间隔的日产液量。3554绘制动液面深度与产液量关系曲线，求油或水的产率。3SY/T59812000356自喷求产3561安装采油树并连接地面管线及分离器等地面设备。3562放喷排液结束后，关井测静压。3563按照设计的工作制度，进行求产并测稳定的流压3564自喷油层待井口压力稳定和原油含水稳定后即可求产。3565自喷水层或油水同层，经化验证实为地层水，水性稳定后，即可求产。3566间喷层，按照设计的工作制度，采用定时或定压求产。3567气层，按照设计的工作制度进行求产，日产气量低于8OOOM，采用垫圈流量计计量日产气量大于8000，采用临界速度流量计计量，同时满足下流绝对压力与上流绝对压力比值小于。546的条件或采用三相分离器孔板流量计连续计量。3568求产完成后关井测井底压力恢复曲线。36MJF压力、测F温度361在试油气期间，井口应装好油管和套管压力表，按设计要求录取资料。362选择适当量程的温度计，工作温度不超过温度计量程的80写。363选择适当量程的压力计，工作压力在压力计量程的3085之间。364测量压力3641流动压力、静止压力压力计下至油气层中部，按设计要求测流动压力、静止压力。3642压力梯度按设计要求测压力梯度，气层从气层中部以上500M开始，油层从油层中部以上300M开始，测至油气层中部，每50100M一个测点，每个测点测量30MINO365测量温度3651静止温度温度计下至油气层中部，在关井状态下测量48H以上。3652井温梯度按设计要求测井温梯度，测量段从井口到油气层中部，测点不少于4个，井口1个测点，油气层中部1个测点，其他测点间距不超过200M37取样371地面取油样3711自喷油层在每个工作制度后期，管线出口或油气分离器出口取样。3712提捞求产时每个工作制度在捞筒底部取样。3713气举求产或抽汲求产时每个工作制度在管线出净残油后于管线出口取样。3714全分析取样品两支，每支1OOOML，两支油样相对密度差小于0005为合格。372地面取水样3721取样操作见3712和37133722全分析取样品两支，每支500ML，两支水样水性一致，氯离子含量相差小于10为合格。373地面取气样3731在气井生产状态相对稳定下，在井口或分离器出口取样。3732全分析取样品两支，每支500ML，天然气样含氧量小于20O，两支气样相对密度差小于。02为合格。374高压物性取样3741油层在原油含水低于200，取样点压力高于油层饱和压力下取样。3742取样2支分析结果相符，饱和压力值相差小于15为合格。38压裂、酸化压裂、酸化应符合SY/T5836,SY/T6088及SY/T6334的规定。39压井压井应符合SY/T55873的规定。SY/T59812000310层间封隔根据设计要求，打桥塞或水泥塞进行层间封隔。311封井3111应在油层套管水泥返高以下，最后试油层射孔段以上，注水泥塞或用桥塞封井，同时可根据设计要求在距井口深度50M内再打一个水泥塞。封井后要试压，可采用井口加压法或降压法，其要求应符合SY5467的规定。3112起出井内全部管柱，卸去采油树，装上标有井号的简易井口，设有明显标志。312交井交井应符合SY/T62931997中附录A标准的附录中A2的规定。4试井油气井试油试采期间的试井作业，应符合SY/T6172和SY5440的规定。5自喷井试采51生产准备511根据试采地质设计要求编写试采工程施工设计。512按照试采施工设计要求准备井口装置、井下工具及压力计、地面仪器仪表。513试采前应进行洗井、压井、冲砂、实探人工井底等作业，同时洗井、压井应符合SY/T55877的规定冲砂应符合SY/T55875的规定实探人工井底见本标准的3350514按照试采施工设计要求下试采管柱并安装采油树。下试采管柱应符合SY/T55876的规定。52试采521放喷排液后，并井测地层静压。522按照试采地质设计进行定产量和定生产时间试采生产，每4H记录一次油套压，每8H计量一次产量，按照试采地质设计要求测油层流压，每天清蜡一次。53测压力恢复曲线自喷井试采完成后，测油层压力恢复曲线。54封井、交井封井、交井见311,312,6非自喷井试采61生产准备见5162抽油机、抽油杆、抽油泵的选择方法抽油机、抽油杆、抽油泵的选择方法应符合SY/T5873193中第4章的规定。63抽油杆柱和试采管柱结构设计抽油杆柱和试采管柱结构设计应符合SY/T5873193中第5章的规定。64下压力计及试采管柱、抽油杆641下压力计按照试采地质设计要求下人压力计。642下试采管柱下试采管柱应符合SY/T5873193中810的规定。643下抽油杆下抽油杆应符合SY/T5873193中811的规定。SSY/T59812000644碰泵、调防冲距6441在柱塞距泵筒LOM时缓慢下放，使柱塞与固定单向阀相碰35次，判断柱塞是否进人泵筒。6442防冲距大小以柱塞不出泵筒，不碰固定单向阀为原则。65安装抽油机安装抽油机应符合SY/T579593的规定。66试抽661启动后观察抽油机、抽油杆运行情况和井口压力的变化。662运转4H后，应再次吸固所有螺丝，确保抽油机安全运行。663试抽正常后，实测示功图和上下冲程、电流及泵效。67关井测静压8抽油试采681按照试采地质设计的产量进行抽油试采682试采产量的计量采用方池子或油姚量油，间抽井每周期量油一次连续抽油每8H量油一次。683在试采过程中，按照试采地质设计要求取油、气、水样。684试采过程中抽油机的操作及抽油机的保养应符合SY/T505。和SY/T5700的规定。685测示功图应符合SY/T5864的规定。6，关井测压力恢复曲线610压井压井应符合SY/T55873的规定。611封井、交井封井、交井见311和312,7气井试采气井试采应符合按SY/T6171的规定。8稠油井试油试采81试油施工前准备施工前准备见31,82试油施工准备821施工准备见32,822管线、分离器、计量喃应有加温和保温装置。83通井、洗井、冲砂、试压、实探人工井雇、射孔通井、洗井、冲砂、试压、实探人工井底、射孔见33,3484求产841降液面后，按设计要求将压力计和取样器下到设计深度，测压力恢复曲线和取样，计算产量，化验液性。842用热水洗井，计量总产液量。85测F压力、取样测量压离、取样见36,3786螺杆泵试采861使用范围适用于粘度在2OOOMPASSANDPERSONALSAFETYPROTECTION、SOURANDNATURALGAS厂ELDSSY/T62931997OPERATIONPROCEDUREFOREXPLORATIONWELLTESTINGSY/T63341997CODEFORACCEPTANCEOFOILORWATERWELLACIDIZINGDESIGNANDOPERATION13SY/T598120003CONVENTIONALWELLTESTING31PREPARATION311HANDOVERFROMDRILLINGTOWELLTESTINGWELLHEADHANDOVERSHOULDBEINACCORDANCEWITHAPPENDIXALINSY厂T62391997312DATAPREPARATION3121DRAWUPWELLTESTINGOPERATIONDESIGNACCORDINGTOWELLTESTINGGEOLOGYDESIGNANDSY/T59803122DRAWUPWELLBORECONFIGURATIONANDLABELBOREHOLEDIMENSION,CASINGPROCEDURE,CEMENTSURFACEDEPTHOUTSIDECASING,BLOCKANNULUSDEPTH,ARTIFICIALBOTTOMOFWELLANDWELLTESTINGFORMATIONS,ZONENUMBERS,INTERVALS,THICKNESS,LOGGINGINTERPRETATIONRESULTANDWELLTESTINGPURPOSE,ETC32OPERATINGPREPARATION321WELLSITELAYOUT3211WELLSITEGROUNDSHOULDBENOPONDAGEOROBSTACLES3212DOGHOUSESHOULDBEPLACEDINTHEWINDWARDDIRECTION,ANDTHEDISTANCEFROMITTOTHEWELLHEADSHOULDBEMORETHAN30M3213FLUIDTANKS,GAUGETANKS,ANDSTORAGETANKSSHOULDBEINTHEAPPOINTED禅ACEANDINTHEDIFFERENTDIRECTIONTOTHEDOGHOUSE3214FIREPREVENTIONEQUIPMENTSHOULDBEAVAILABLEANDCONVENIENT322WELLSI抚ILLUMINATION3221THEWIRESHOULD悦PLAT曰ORDERLYATWELLSITE,NOCROSSINGTHEWELLSITEOROBSTRUCTINGTRAFFIC3222THEWIREANDITSSUPPORTERSHOULDBEINSULATED,NOWIREISONTHEOILDERRICK,ANCHORLINEOROTHERCONDUCTORS3223DERRICKLIGHTSHOULDBEEXPLOSIONPROOFLIGHTWITH36V3224POWERSWITCHSHOULDBEINSTALLEDINTHEDOGHOUSEANDTHESWITCHOFSEARCHLIGHTOREXPLOSIONPROOFLIGHTSHOULDBEINSTALLEDRESPECTIVELYWITHELECTRICSHOCKANDELECTRICLEAKAGEPROTECTIONEQUIPMENT4323INSTALLINGWELLHEADANDCONNECTINGSURFACELINE3231INSTALLABIGCROSSPIECEOFCHRISTMASTREEONTHECASINGHEAD3232INSTALLABLOWOUTPREVENTERBLINDRAMANDSEMIBLINDRAMANDBLOWOFFPIPELINE3233RIGUPOPERATINGFLOOROFWELLHEADDRILLPLATFORMANDTUBINGSKIDS3234FIRINGLINEOFOILANDGASSEPARATORSHOULDBEFASTENEDBYTHEONETHROUGHRIGIDLINE,THEDISTANCEBETWEENBURNERANDSEPARATORSHOULDBEMORETHAN50M,ANDTHEHEIGHTFROMSURFACETOBURNERSHOULDBEMORETHAN3MANDSHOULDBEFASTENEDTOO3235WELLHEADSHOULDBEPRESSURETESTBYCLEANWATERORNITROGENGAS,ANDTHEPRESSURESHOULDBEATLEAST12TIMESASHIGHASTHEEXPERREDWORKINGPRESSUREANDMAINTAINWELLHEADPRESSUREFOR15MINOUTLETSHOULDBECONNECTEDANDFASTENEDWITHWELLTUBINGORDRILLINGROD,ANDNOCHICKSANSWIVELSLESSTHAN900ISINUSE324OPERATINGEQUIPMENTTHEEQUIPMENTSHOULDBEINACCORDANCEWITHTHE32OFTHESTANDARDSY/T5587693325TUBINGTUBINGSHOULDBEINACCORDANCEWITHTHE33OFTHESTANDARDSY/T5587693326KILLINGFLUIDKILLINGFLUIDSHOULDBEINACCORDANCEWITHTHE431OFTHESTANDARDSY/T558769333DRIFTING,WELLCLEANOUT,SANDWASHING,PRESSURE妞司嗯，回DETECTINGARTIFICIALBOTTOMOFWELL331DRIFTS嗯USEPIPESCRAPERORHOLECALIPERINDRIFTINGTHEOUTSIDEDIAMETEROFHOLECALIPERSHOULDBE6一8MMLESSTHANCASINGINSIDEDIAMETER,ANDTHELENGTHOFBIGENDOFHOLECALIPERSHOULDNOTBELESSTHAN05MFORCASINGCOMPLETIONWELL,THEDRIFTINGDEPTHSHOULDBETHATOFARTIFICIALBOTTOMOFWELL,FOROPENORSCREENCASINGCOMPLETIONWELL,DRIFTINGDEPTHSHOULDBE10一15MABOVECASINGSHOE,ANDTHEOPENHOLEORSCREENCASINGSY/T59812000PARTSHOULDUSETODRIFTTOTHEARTIFICIALBOTTOMOFWELL332WELLCLEANOUTCLEANOUTWELLFULLY,THEVOLUMEOFFLUSHFLUIDMUSTBEATLEASTTWOTIMESASMUCHASTHATOFTHEWELLBORE,OUTLETFLUIDVELOCITYISMORETHAN15M/S,CIRCULATETHEFLUSHFLUIDCONTINUOUSLYATLEASTTWOCYCLES,THELIQUIDCHARACTEROFOUTOFTHEWELLSHOULDBETHESAMEWITHTHATOFINLET,THECONTENTOFIMPURITYSHOULDBELESSTHAN002333SANDWASHING3331DETECTSANDSURFACEBEFOREDWASHING,THENPICKUPSTRINGATLEAST3MABOVESANDSURFACE,RUNDOWNSTRINGANDDOSANDWASHINGCIRCULARLYAFTERTHEPUMPWORKSNORMALLY3332THEWEIGHTOFTHESTRINGFORDETECTINGSANDSURFACESHOULDREDUCE5一8KN3333DONOTSTOPPUMPINGDURINGSANDWASHINGIFSANDWASHINGCANTBEDONECONTINUOUSLYBECAUSETHEPUMPISOUTOFORDEROROTHERREASONS,PICKUPTHESTRINGATONCETOORIGINALSANDSURFACEIFPICKUPSYSTEMHASSOMETHINGWRONG,MUSTMAKECIRCULATINGNORMALLY3334AFTERSANDWASHINGTOTHEDESIGNEDDEPTH,INCREASEPUMPRATETILLTHESANDCONTENTISLESSTHAN002INTHEDISCHARGELINEDETECTSANDSURFACE30MINAFTERPUMPINGSTOPS334PRESSURETESTCASINGANDCHRISTMASTREEPRESSURETESTCASINGANDCHRISTMASTREESHOULDBEINACCORDANCEWITH412AND413OFSY546792335DETECTINGARTIFICIALBOTTMOFWELLRUNDOWNTHESTRINGSLOWLYANDREDUCEL2KNOFTHEHANGINGLOAD,D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