托福机经背景材料整理3

小马过河网校 小马过河网校 小马网校托福机经背景以巴对白宫峰会反应不同托福机经,托福机经背景,托福阅读机经背景小马过河网校为大家带来了托福阅读机经背景：以巴对白宫峰会反应不同!托福机经背景是同学们进行托福备考的重要资料，小马网校为您提供最全最快的机经背景知识!以巴对白宫峰会反应不同。众所周知，托福机经背景知识不仅开拓考生的思维，而且让考生熟悉托福经常考试的题材、背景知识，让考生更好的适应托福考试，所以如果有其他问题可以请登录小马网校进行免费咨询。By Robert BergerJerusalem29 May 2009Palestinians are reacting positively to their leaders summit meeting with the president of the United States in Washington. But Israelis are skeptical.Palestinian officials say they are encouraged by President Barack Obamas meeting with his Palestinian counterpart Mahmoud Abbas Thursday at the White House. Mr. Obama called for the creation of a Palestinian state and condemned Jewish settlement expansion in the West Bank.Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat says the new U.S. administration is taking the right steps to advance the peace process. “We want any Israeli government to accept the two-state solution, agreements signed, and stop settlement activities,“ he said.The settlement issue is raising tension between Israels new right-wing government and Washington. Israel says it will not build new settlements, but it reserves the right to build in existing communities to accommodate “natural growth.“The United States opposes any construction in the settlements, and settlers are outraged. Chanie Luz lives in the West Bank settlement of Bethel near the Palestinian-ruled city of Ramallah.“We see it as a racist statement to say that the Jews cant have children, or that Jews cant build their houses, or the Jews cant add a room onto their house because they want to have a larger house,“ said Luz.小马过河网校 小马过河网校 Israels hawkish Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu also opposes the creation of a Palestinian state. Israel pulled out of the Palestinian-ruled Gaza Strip in 2005, and today it is controlled by Hamas, a violent Islamic militant group that refuses to recognize the Jewish state. Hamas has fired thousands of rockets across the Gaza border at Israeli communities; and Netanyahu fears a Palestinian state in the West Bank would lead to a similar situation in Israels backyard.以巴对白宫峰会反应不同巴勒斯坦人对他们的领导人与美国总统在华盛顿举行的会晤做出积极回应，但以色列人却对此持怀疑态度。巴勒斯坦官员说，巴勒斯坦领导人阿巴斯与美国总统奥巴马星期四在白宫的会晤令他们感到鼓舞。奥巴马总统呼吁建立一个巴勒斯坦国，并谴责犹太人扩大其在约旦河西岸的定居点。巴勒斯坦谈判代表埃尔卡特说，新一届的美国政府正在采取正确的步骤来推动和平进程。“我们希望以色列的任何政府能够接受两个国家的解决方案，签订协议，并停止定居点活动。”定居点问题引发了以色列新右翼政府与华盛顿之间的紧张局势。以色列政府说，他们不会建立新的定居点，但保留在现有定居点上扩建的权力，以适应“自然的增长”。美国反对在定居点内进行任何建设，引起了定居者的愤怒。山尼-鲁斯住在约旦河西岸定居点贝瑟尔，该定居点位于近巴勒斯坦统治的城市拉马拉。鲁斯说：“在我们看来这是一项种族主义的声明，即犹太人不能有自己的孩子，或犹太人不能盖自己的房屋，或犹太人不能因为想要住大一点的房子而扩建现有的房屋。”以色列的鹰派总理内塔尼亚胡也反对建立一个巴勒斯坦国。以色列于 2005 年撤出巴勒斯坦统治的加沙地带。这一地区今天由主张暴力的伊斯兰激进组织哈马斯统治。哈马斯拒绝承认犹太国家，并向加沙边界另一侧的以色列社区发射了数千枚火箭。内塔尼亚胡担心在约旦河西岸成立巴勒斯坦国将导致以色列后院发生类似的情况。_9_小马网校托福机经背景全球经济危机托福机经,托福机经背景,托福阅读机经背景小马过河网校 小马过河网校 小马过河网校为大家带来了托福阅读机经背景：全球经济危机!托福机经背景是同学们进行托福备考的重要资料，小马网校为您提供最全最快的机经背景知识!全球经济危机。众所周知，托福机经背景知识不仅开拓考生的思维，而且让考生熟悉托福经常考试的题材、背景知识，让考生更好的适应托福考试，所以如果有其他问题可以请登录小马网校进行免费咨询。By Ron CorbenBangkok29 May 2009Across Asia women are bearing the brunt of the global economic downturn as export manufacturers shed workers. The United Nations International Labor Organization and labor rights groups say Asian governments need to boost social protection programs for women and workers vulnerable to the global recession.Asias export-driven growth over the past 30 years has drawn millions of women into the work force, making consumer goods for the world. The work lifted families out of poverty and gave women greater independence and opportunities.Now the global economic downturn means tens of thousands of women are losing their jobs, as slow demand forces factories making everything from clothes to electronics to shut down.Kee Beom Kim, an economist with the United Nations International Labour Organization, says women in export industries the region are especially vulnerable to the current economic climate. Kim says the consequences are wide ranging.“They have lost their jobs and without a job, in some cases for those who are poor - their food consumption decreases, their health consumption; we see that children are being withdrawn from school,“ said Kim. “In the garment industries reduced working hours basically means less take home pay - of course a detrimental effect on consumption.“China, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Cambodia are some of the countries where exports account for a large proportion of national output. A slowdown in foreign investment and a decline in remittances from overseas workers worsen the poor economic climate for women workers.小马过河网校 小马过河网校 The ILO warns that unemployment across the Asia-Pacific region could rise by over 25 million this year, to more than 110 million across the region.United Nations data show the region accounts for around two-thirds of the worlds total employment. China, India, Indonesia, Russia, Bangladesh, Japan and Pakistan make up the bulk of that work force.Lucia Victor Jayaseelan, executive coordinator with the Committee for Asian Women, says in Cambodia she recently met women from the hard-hit garment industry, who face uncertain futures.“They were working without pay because they couldnt go home,“ said Jayaseelan. “And they were so used to working and hoping and believing that the industries, the factories would be giving them some money at some point. Three months no salary; which meant they had to live, pay their rent, school for their children, remit money back to rural areas - all that went.“The ILO and labor rights workers are calling on regional governments to boost social protection programs, especially those that can help women laid off from work. They also say government economic stimulus packages need to focus on building up rural infrastructure that would most benefit women and children.全球经济危机 亚洲妇女首当其冲由于制造出口产品的企业纷纷裁员，亚洲各地女性承受全球经济危机的冲击尤其严重。联合国国际劳工组织和劳工权益组织说，亚洲各国政府需要加强社会保障项目，向经济衰退中的弱势工人群体和妇女提供保障。过去三十年来，外贸出口引领了亚洲的经济增长，数百万妇女加入了出口企业的劳动大军，为全世界生产消费品。她们的工作使家庭免于贫困，让她们更加独立，并赋予她们更多的机会。由于全球经济衰退的到来，需求减缓迫使制衣厂、电子厂等各项制造业工厂纷纷倒闭，数以万计的妇女正在失去工作。联合国国际劳工组织的经济学家金基范(音)说，亚洲外贸企业的女工是目前经济环境下最容易受到冲击的一个群体，而且其影响是广泛的。“她们失去了工作。对那些贫困人口来说，没有工作，她们的食品消费、健康消费都在减少。我们看到孩子在退学。在制衣厂，工时减少意味着能拿回家的钱也在减少-当然，这损害了消费。”在中国、新加坡、马来西亚、泰国和柬埔寨等国，外贸出口在国家工业产出中占据很小马过河网校 小马过河网校 大的比例。外国投资的减缓以及海外汇款的减少更是让这些女工的经济环境雪上加霜。国际劳工组织警告说，亚洲和太平洋地区今年的失业人口将增加 2500 万人以上，整个地区的失业人口因此将超过 1 亿 1 千万人。联合国的数据显示， 亚太地区就业人口占全球就业人口的全球三分之二，其中绝大部分来自中国、印度、印度尼西亚、俄罗斯、孟加拉国、日本和巴基斯坦。亚洲妇女委员会的总协调员卢西亚.维克多.贾亚辛兰说，她最近在柬埔寨见到了一些受到经济危机冲击的制衣厂的女工，她们的未来很不确定。“她们在工作，却没有报酬，因为她们不能回家。她们已经习惯工作了， 她们希望而且相信工厂在某个时间会给她们一些钱的。三个月没有工资。但她们必须生活、必须支付房租，为孩子交学费，往农村的家里寄钱-等等。”国际劳工组织和劳工权益工作者呼吁亚太地区政府加强社会保障项目，特别是可以帮助失业女工的项目。他们还说，政府的经济刺激计划必须以建设乡村基础设施为主，只有这样妇女和儿童才会获得最大的好处。_10_小马网校托福机经背景泰国制定新立法打击政府机构腐败托福机经,托福机经背景,托福阅读机经背景小马过河网校为大家带来了托福阅读机经背景：泰国制定新立法打击政府机构腐败!托福机经背景是同学们进行托福备考的重要资料，小马网校为您提供最全最快的机经背景知识!泰国制定新立法打击政府机构腐败。众所周知，托福机经背景知识不仅开拓考生的思维，而且让考生熟悉托福经常考试的题材、背景知识，让考生更好的适应托福考试，所以如果有其他问题可以请登录小马网校进行免费咨询。By Ron CorbenBangkok28 May 2009Thailands government hopes new legislation will curb official corruption. But some business-risk experts say the chief concern in fighting corruption in 小马过河网校 小马过河网校 Thailand lies in political will and government stability.Thailand is enacting tough legislation in a bid to curb corruption in public office. The new laws offer more flexibility in prosecuting suspects in a country considered one of the more corrupt in Asia.Professor Pakdee Pothisiri is a member of the National Anti-Corruption Commission. He says the new legislation should overcome shortfalls in earlier anti-corruption laws. He says one important step is the new law allows anyone with knowledge of corruption to file a case with his commission.He is confident that and other changes will strengthen the fight against graft. “I believe so because of the new constitution and the organic act that is about to pass into law and also because of this national anti-corruption strategy,“ said Professor Pakdee. “What we call for is all the sectors to work with us in dealing with the corruption.“Under the current law, only those directly affected by corruption are able to file a complaint.A survey by the Hong Kong firm Political and Economic Risk Consultancy ranks Thailand just ahead of Indonesia as being the most corrupt in Asia. Singapore and Hong Kong are considered least corrupt.The firms managing director, Bob Broadfoot, says corruption in Thailand has fueled political instability over recent years. But Broadfoot doubts whether the legal changes will significantly reduce the problem.“They may have passed what they said back in 2007, but how many changes of government have happened since 2007 because accusations by one side or the other by corruption? That has nothing to do with the magnitude. This has to do with corruption as an issue that can force political change and that is what investors care about,“ he said.Broadfoot says foreign investors are reluctant to enter Thailand because the business environment is unstable politically and socially. The leaders of military coups in 1991 and in 2006 said they acted to overthrow corrupt governments.Broadfoot says the main corruption problem in Thailand lies with politicians rather than the countrys civil servants.“The civil servants in Thailand are, by and large in a lot of the 小马过河网校 小马过河网校 departments, they are doing a pretty good job, they are getting respect,“ he said. “But there is very, very little respect for the politicians.“The new laws are being passed as the Thai government begins spending $22 billion to stimulate the slumping economy. The anti-corruption commissions Pakdee says the government needs to implement risk-management practices to make sure corruption does not siphon off that money.泰国制定新立法打击政府机构腐败泰国政府希望新的立法能限制官员腐败。但是一些商业风险专家说，在泰国和腐败作斗争主要在于政治意愿和政府的稳定。泰国在制定严格的立法，旨在打击政府机构的腐败。新出台的法律为起诉涉嫌犯罪者提供更为灵活的方式。泰国被认为是亚洲最腐败的国家之一。作为国家反腐败委员会成员的帕克迪教授说，新立法应该克服此前反腐败法中的不足。他说，一个重要的步骤是新法律允许得知腐败问题的任何人向我们委员会提请立案。他充满信心地认为，其他改变也会加强反腐的力度。他说：“我相信会是这样，因为新的宪法以及这个即将通过的有机法律，另外也因为这个全国性的反腐败战略。我们呼吁的是让所有部门和我们一起来对付腐败问题。”在目前的法律约束下，只有那些直接受到腐败牵连的人们才有权提请立案。香港政治经济风险资讯公司作出的调查将泰国的排名提在印尼之前，成为亚洲最腐败的国家。这个公司的执行主任、鲍伯.布罗德富特说，泰国的腐败问题使国家最近几年出现政治不稳定的局面，但是他怀疑这次司法改革是否会有效地减少这方面的问题。“他们可能在 2007 年就通过了他们所说的方案，但是，自从 2007 年以来，因为一方指控另一方，腐败导致政府发生了多大的变化呀。这和强度没有关系。这和可以迫使政治改变的腐败问题有关，这是投资者所关心的问题。”布罗德富特说，外国投资者不情愿到泰国，因为从政和社会方面来说，商业环境是不稳定的。布罗德富特说，泰国主要的腐败问题在于政客而不是这个国家的公务员。“泰国的公务员在很多部门总体上来说是工作得很好。他们受到尊重。但是对政客们不太尊重。”小马过河网校 小马过河网校 泰国新法律通过之时，正是泰国政府启动 220 亿美元用于刺激衰弱经济的时候。在反腐败委员会任职的帕克迪说，泰国政府需要实行管理风险的法律，保证这些钱不至于会因为腐败而流失。_1_小马网校托福机经背景津巴布韦政府采取步骤化解僵局托福机经,托福机经背景,托福阅读机经背景小马过河网校为大家带来了托福阅读机经背景：津巴布韦政府采取步骤化解僵局!托福机经背景是同学们进行托福备考的重要资料，小马网校为您提供最全最快的机经背景知识!津巴布韦政府采取步骤化解僵局。众所周知，托福机经背景知识不仅开拓考生的思维，而且让考生熟悉托福经常考试的题材、背景知识，让考生更好的适应托福考试，所以如果有其他问题可以请登录小马网校进行免费咨询。By Peta ThornycroftHarare21 May 2009Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai said Zimbabwes unity government has agreed on key appointments in an attempt to resolve the political impasse that has paralyzed the new administration.Little by little, Mr. Tsvangirai is reducing the number of issues outstanding since the swearing in of the inclusive government in February.“This has been a slow and frustrating process. However, we have been able to reach an understanding on a number of issues,“ he said.Mr. Tsvangirai said the appointment of 10 provincial governors would be divided between the parties and that the five vacant ambassadorial posts would be filled by his Movement for Democratic Change and a smaller coalition partner.But regional leaders will still be asked to mediate the dispute over two positions seen as vital to Zimbabwes economic recovery and restoration of the rule of law.小马过河网校 小马过河网校 The two are the reappointment last November of Central Bank Governor Gideon Gono and the appointment of Attorney General Johannes Tomana, both with strong links to President Robert Mugabes ZANU PF.Mr. Tsvangirai said Gonos re-appointment was not only in breach of the political agreement, but violated the countrys Reserve Bank Act. Business leaders blame Gono, who has held the position for a number of years, for the economic collapse of the country. His reappointment was seen as a major stumbling block in accessing foreign aid needed to turn the economy around.Mr. Tsvangirai said he hoped that Southern African Development Community, or SADC, which negotiated the unity government, would deal with this as a matter of urgency.Prime Minister Tsvangirai also said lawmaker Roy Bennett is to be sworn in as deputy agriculture minister. Bennett was charged just as the unity government was being formed with weapons violations in a case linked to long-discredited allegations that the MDC plotted President Mugabes violent overthrow. He has been free on bail since March.Mr. Tsvangirai also said the previous strict licensing of local and foreign journalists no longer applies under the power-sharing agreement. The rules essentially barred most foreign journalists from entering the country.He said there is no longer any legal obligation for journalists or media organizations to apply for accreditation until a new commission is in place.津巴布韦政府采取步骤化解僵局津巴布韦总理茨万吉拉伊说，津巴布韦联合政府已经在几个关键的任命问题上取得一致意见，试图解决使新政府瘫痪的政治僵局。茨万吉拉伊总理从 2 月宣誓就职以来一步步地解决了这个联合政府的种种难题。他说：“这是一个缓慢和令人烦躁的过程。然而，我们已经能够在一些问题上达成共识。茨万吉拉伊说，10 个省长将从各党派中任命，另外空缺的 5 个大使职位将由他的民主变革运动和一个较小的联盟来任命。但是，地方领导人仍然要在两个职位引起的纠纷方面进行调解，这两个职位被认为是对津巴布韦的经济复苏和法治恢复极其重要的。小马过河网校 小马过河网校 “这两个职位是去年 11 月被任命连任的中央银行行长吉迪恩.戈诺和总检察长约翰内斯.托马纳 ，他们都和总统穆加贝的非洲民族联盟-爱国阵线有着紧密联系。”茨万吉拉伊说，戈诺被重新任命，不仅违反了政治协议，也违反了国家的储备银行法案。戈诺已担任此职许多年，商界领导人指责戈诺使国家经济崩溃。他重新被任命被认为是获得外国援助、帮助经济复苏的主要绊脚石。茨万吉拉伊说，他希望为组成联合政府进行调解的南部非洲发展共同体能把这件事当作紧急事件来处理。茨万吉拉伊总理还表示，国会议员罗伊.班尼特将宣誓就任农业部副部长。就在组建联合政府时，班尼特被指控犯有违反武器规定的行为。这一案件和策划暴力推翻穆加贝总统的说法有关，但是这种说法长期来已经被否定。茨万吉拉伊还表示，先前对当地和外国记者严格的许可证制度在权力分享协议下不再适用。这条规定基本上禁止了大多数外国记者进入该国。他说在一个新的委员会建立之前，记者或媒体机构不再有任何司法义务申请许可证。_2_小马网校托福机经背景美警告伊朗获核武器引发军备竞赛托福机经,托福机经背景,托福阅读机经背景小马过河网校为大家带来了托福阅读机经背景：美警告伊朗获核武器引发军备竞赛!托福机经背景是同学们进行托福备考的重要资料，小马网校为您提供最全最快的机经背景知识!美警告伊朗获核武器引发军备竞赛。众所周知，托福机经背景知识不仅开拓考生的思维，而且让考生熟悉托福经常考试的题材、背景知识，让考生更好的适应托福考试，所以如果有其他问题可以请登录小马网校进行免费咨询。By David GollustThe State Department20 May 2009Secretary of State Hillary Clinton told senators Wednesday that if Iran obtains a nuclear weapons capability, it would trigger an arms race in the 小马过河网校 小马过河网校 Middle East and beyond. She said the Obama administration is pursuing a diplomatic track on the issue with Iran but within a specific time-frame.Clinton said the specter of a nuclear-armed Iran has created what amounts to an “alliance“ among Israel and many Arab states, and she is hoping the shared interests will give impetus not only to diplomacy with Iran but also a solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.In testimony before a Senate Appropriations subcommittee nominally devoted to the foreign affairs budget, she said the Obama administration - which promises diplomatic outreach with Iran - hopes to persuade the Tehran government that it will actually be less secure if it succeeds in what U.S. officials believe is an effort to acquire a nuclear weapons capability.“A nuclear-armed Iran with a deliverable weapons system is going to spark an arms race in the Middle East and the greater region. That is not going to be in the interests of Iranian security and we believe that we have a very strong case to make for that,“ she said.Clinton spoke in response to questioning from Republican Senator Judd Gregg, who called Iran a terrorist state, and noted Washington comments earlier this week by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu that preventing a nuclear Iran should take precedence over Israeli-Palestinian peacemaking.The Secretary of State, echoing remarks by President Obama to the Israeli leader, said diplomacy on both issues can proceed at the same time.“The president made it clear that he is committed to preventing Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons with all of the consequences that that would entail. But at the same time we cannot wait on the Palestinian-Israeli efforts regarding peace. So we think they have to proceed simultaneously,“ she added.Clinton said U.S. outreach to Iran, expected to begin after that countrys presidential election next month, will be time-limited but refused to be more specific. President Obama indicated Tuesday the United States would pursue tougher sanctions against Iran if diplomatic efforts fail to make progress by the end of this year.On another issue, Clinton told senators there is “no basis for believing“ that any U.S. aid money going to Pakistan is being diverted to that countrys nuclear program, as was suggested earlier this week in a report by The New York Times.小马过河网校 小马过河网校 She also said the United States has gotten reassurances from the Pakistani government about the safety of its nuclear arsenal amid the threat posed by Taliban forces in that countrys northern region.She said the Obama administration, which had been concerned about Pakistans willingness to take on Islamic extremists, now believes it is making an “all-out“ effort to take back areas recently seized by the Taliban.美警告伊朗获核武器引发军备竞赛美国国务卿希拉里.克林顿星期三对参议员说，如果伊朗获得制造核武器的能力，这将在中东和其他地区引发军备竞赛。她说，奥巴马政府