2014年电大大学英语b最新复习资料小抄.doc

专业好文档第卷第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节：语法和词汇知识（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。1i think if cristiano wasnt a football star, he be a good dancer.ashouldbcouldcmustdmay2i believe he said and then discovered none of it was true. he really put over on me.aeverything; somethingbanything; everythingcnothing; anythingdsomething; everything3speaking of talent for organization, you are one a thousand.aatbtocondin4learning english better could give me chance to be a volunteer in olympic games 2008.aa; 不填ba; thec不填； thedthe; the5there is a lot of equipment in a gymnasium. so you can choose tools to exercise whatever parts of your body.aseveralbsamecspecialddifferent6according to the guinness book of world records, the oldest man in the world now lives in puerto rico is 113 years old.awherebwhencwhodwhich7will you take me to the museum?ill that.asee afterbsee aboutcsee overdsee through8i need to buy a new car and a house badly but i cant afford .aonebthe oneconesdit9if my car arrives in pu dong international airport at nine oclock this morning, the plane i would like to take from there by then.awill have leftbwould leavechas leftdhad left10 to be the symbol of the city, the sculpture has been well preserved.aconsideringbbeing consideredcto considerdconsidered11heres an ad about big auto sale. do you want to look at it? ! let me see it.aby and bybno waycby all meansdmind your own business12the average speed of a ball hit by a pingpong racquet is the among all ball games.alowestbhighestcquickestdmost full13the bush search for weapons of mass destruction in iraq officially ended after finding nothing after two years of searching.agovernmentsbadministrationscstatesdofficial14 the children had at the seaside during their stay in the country!awhat a funbwhat funchow funnydhow fun15did you see the terrible accident yesterday morning?yes, but i wish i .awouldntbhaventcdidntdhadnt16everybody in our city, men and women, the old and the young, sports and games now.aenjoybwere enjoyingcenjoysdenjoyed17i could be by telephone. why didnt call me?atouchedbtoldcaskeddreached18it has out that one and the same word may have different meanings in different places.afoundbto findcto be pointeddworked19the term tsunami the japanese language meaning harbour and wave.acomes acrossbcomes fromccomes bydcomes for20happy birthday to you, stella! .athe same to youbthank youcim glad to hear thatdthats very kind of you第二节：完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2140各题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。if you asked people today why they used the telephone to communicate with their friends or why they turned to the television for entertainment, they would look at you as if you were crazy. we dont 21 about a telephone or a television or a car as being oddities（新奇东西）.these things have become such a 22 part of life that they are no longer 23 , let alone remarked upon.in the 24 way, within a decade no one 25 notice the web. it will just be there, a necessary part of life. it will be a 26 reaction to turn to the 27 for shopping, education, entertainment and communication, just as it is natural today to pick up the telephone to talk to 28 .there is incredible 29 in the web. yet it is still in its infancy. the technology 30 the speed of response are about to 31 forward. this will move more and more people to the web as part of their everyday lives. 32 , everyones business card will have an 33 mail address. every lawyer, every doctor and every businessman-from large to small-will be 34 .in united states elections, people now turn to the internet to see 35 results. the pathfinder mission to mars and the 36 with the mir space station drew millions of people to the web for more up-to-date details than they were available elsewhere.a change like this is often 37 from generation to generation. older people have to 38 something new outside their everyday experiences. kids who grow up with a new technology simply treat 39 as given. college campuses in 40 are providing the necessary element to create the critical mass for a web ready culture.21alearnbtalkcarguedthink22anecessarybusefulcgreatdclear23aconsideredbnoticedcaffordeddadmitted24adifferentbspecialcsamedfunny25acouldbwillcmustdwould26anaturalbpossiblecwonderfuldpeaceful27awebbtelephonectvdcar28aeverybodybanybodycnobodydsomebody29ahatredbinterestcfavourdattraction30aorbofcanddat31aleapbmarchcmovedpush32afortunatelybeventuallycimmediatelydinconsiderably33aordinarybaircoverseasdelectronic34aconnectedbfixedcregisteredddiscovered35afinialbreal-timecexpecteddremarkable36ameritsbmaintenancecfailuredproblems37aacceptablebdifferentcreasonabledurgent38alearnbknowcreceivedobserve39athembitcusdyou40aparticularbcommoncgeneraldadvance第二部分：阅读理解（共25小题；第一节每小题2分，第二节每小题2分；满分50分）第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。aapplying for a job in the united states involves a few specific steps. after finding a job that interests you, you must prepare a resume to submit to the company. then, if the company is interested, they will arrange an interview with you. knowing what to expect and how to prepare for this process is the key to finding the right job.when preparing a resume, it is important that you know what information to include. the main purpose of a resume is to give employers a brief overview of your work experience and background. you should focus on experience that is related to the job you are applying for. be sure to state your goals and objectives briefly. your objectives should clearly describe what kind of position you hope to obtain. also include information about your educational background, such as the name of the institution, the year of graduation and the degree you received. in the united states you should not include information about your physical appearance, age, marital status or hobbies. people do not normally include a photograph either, which may seem strange to people who are not from the u.s. employers cannot decide whom to hire based on this information, unless it is directly related to the day-to-day duties of the position.after your resume has been reviewed you may be asked to go in for an interview to discuss the position further. this is very important part of the process. not only is it your opportunity to make a good impression, but it also gives a chance to get an impression of the company. on the day of the interview you should pay close attention to your appearance; dress properly, have a neat hairstyle and clean fingernail. you should look as if you already have the job. it is considered polite to arrive a few minutes before the scheduled appointment. if you cannot avoid being delayed, it is best to call and let the interviewer know this. during the interview you will be asked to talk more about the information you provided in your resume. you will probably have to answer questions about your strengths and weaknesses and how you would react in difficult situations.immediately after the interview it is a good idea-but not necessary-to send a short note or email to the interviewer. in this note you should thank the person for meeting with you and reaffirm your interest in the job. at this point in the job application process all you can do is wait for a response from the company if you take the time to be fully prepared and informed about this process, you will be well on your way to finding the right job.41which of the following is not a step in the process of finding a job in the u.s.?asending a resume.bbeing interviewed.cincluding a photography.dwriting a short note.42a resume is known as a .apersonal photographbjob openingcjob interviewdwork experience43what shouldnt you do on the day of your interview?aarrive late.bdress nicelycmake a good impressiondtalk about your job.44what should you do if the interviewer asks what you are good at?abe modest.bbe honest.crefuse to answer the question.dbe silent.bthere is a debate going on in american public schools over the best way to teach english to foreign students. many schools use bi- lingual education. this means that students study their core subject classes such as science, mathematics and social studies in their native tongue. they also take a few hours of english.recently, many educators have begun to criticize bi-lingual education. opponents claim that bi-lingual education not only slows students development of language skills, but also their adjustment to american life. they often remain separated from the mainstream student body. these critics have proposed the immersion（融入）method. this means that a student will take only english classes until they can function effectively in regular subject classes. proponents of immersion theory argue that in order to prepare these foreign students for college or the job market, they must be able to communicate in english.despite this disagreement, nearly all educators agree that english is a necessary tool for improving the quality of ones life in america.45in bi-lingual education programs, students .astudy in their native countrybstudy their core subject classes in their native languagecstudy only english until they can function in regular classesdmainly work on adjustment to american life46a proponent is someone who .asupports a certain idea or policybis against a certain idea or policycuses the immersion method of teaching englishdis a school administrator47according to the article, which of the following is not true:amost educators agree that english is important for foreign students.bstudents in bi-lingual programs are often separated from american students.cnearly all educators agree that bi-lingual education is best for teaching english.dstudents with good english language skills have a better chance for success in america.ctwenty five years ago, muhammed yunus, a bangladeshi economics teacher, was visiting a village when he met a woman who made bamboo stools. she couldnt afford to buy the bamboo to make the stools, so the had to borrow the money from the bamboo sellers and then pay them a large part of the profit from each one she sold. there was so little money left for her to keep that she couldnt afford to buy more bamboo, so she had to borrow more money. and so the cycle continued with no way out for her. she couldnt borrow money from friends or family because they were as poor as she was. she couldnt borrow from the bank because she had no land to guarantee that she would pay back the loan.yunus went around the village and found forty-two people who were in the same situation-trapped in a cycle of poverty with no escape. when he added up the amount of money that they needed to break free of the cycle, it came to just twenty-seven dollars. as yunus says “i felt ashamed of myself for being part of a society which could not provide even twenty-seven dollars to forty-two hardworking, skilled human beings.”he lent them the money and told them to pay it back whenever they could. he got all of it back, so he went to other villages and did the same thing. he always got his money back. the official banks didnt want to get involved in what he was doing, so yunus started his own bank. the grameen bank was born, and with it a new approach to lending money-micro-credit.the bank now lends over a billion dollars to more than two million borrowers, 96% of them women, and involving more than half of the villages in bangladesh. the repayment rate is 99%. the rural economy of the country has improved greatly since the bank started. and the success has spread. this year it was estimated that there are now over 7,000 microcredit organizations in the world, lending to over 16 million of the poorest people.48the underlined word “it” in the 3rd paragraph refers to .afeeling ashamedbthe new bankca new approachdthe money49the first paragraph of this passage mainly tells us that yunus .afound a special problemblooked into the mattercsolved the problemdmade a plan50how might the writer describe yunuss bank?ait is hardworking.bit is interesting.cit is rich.dit is successful.51the best title for this passage is .amuhammed yunusbgrameen bankcmoney back.dvillages in bangladesh.d like people, buildings get sick. when they do, the people inside them also get sick. they suffer from coughs, colds, sickness, tiredness, headaches, eye troubles. they work slowly and inefficiently. they stay away from work. sick buildings cause a 40 per cent drop in productivity and a 30 per cent rise in absenteeism（旷工）. management in north america and europe have been slow to respond to the need to maintain a healthy environment for office workers, just as much as for blue collar workers. they were unwilling to admit to the problem because of the bad publicity which would result. they preferred to think that workers pretended to be ill. what would happen to rental values if a building were admitted to be sick?a survey in 1987 found that 80 per cent of british office workers suffered sickness related to the buildings in which they worked. lethargy（无精打采） was cited by 57 per cent, followed by stuffy nose dry throat and headaches.what goes wrong? for a start, the whole place can be at the wrong temperature, usually too warm. a four degree rise above a comfortable 20 can half productivity. it is almost certainly too dry, with a relative humidity below 40 per cent, resulting in stuffy and stale air. equally certainly, the air is dirty: too many people still smoke, and smoke is breathed by nonsmokers. gases are given off by synthetic carpets and furniture. ozone is produced by malfunctioning photocopiers.the lighting may be all wrong. low-frequency fluorescent lights produce a flicker which the eye cannot see but the brain can. it causes anxiety and headaches. medical studies have shown that headaches are less frequent on higher floors which receive more natural light. headaches fall by half when high-frequency lights are introduced. the computer screen has been linked to illness and to pregnancy problems, but there is no definite proof of links between health and the vdu. if you wanted a building not to work in, it would be air-conditioned, dusty, date from the mid-seventies, have tinted and sealed windows, and house batteries of clerical workers.the trouble may lie less in the building itself, and more in the design of the workplace and the jobs that people are expected to do. the office worker has become more like a factory worker, tied to a work station in an assembly line. you can introduce full spectrum lighting and you can litter the office with spider plants to eat the carbon monoxide, but the central problem remains. the modern office has been built to house machines, not people. there is something psychologically wrong with the high-tech office which makes people prefer polluted “natural” air to the air-conditioned “pure” air of the office block. in one case, absenteeism through sickness increased by 30 per cent after the workforce moved from an old naturally-ventilated office into a new air-conditioned one, without any change in the nature of the work being carried out.52building managers ignored complaints from office workers because .athey thought the workers were lazybthere was nothing really wrongctheir companies would lose moneydthe workers were suffering from hysteria53people become lethargic from stuffy conditions when .atoo many people smokebair is recycledcphotocopiers dont work properlydthe air is too dry54office workers worry less and feel better .ain an ozone-free environmentbwhen there is less dust in the atmospherecin natural lightdin an open plan office55workers stay away from work more often when .athe office is air-conditionedbthey have to use a computer screencthere are no plants in the officedthe office has polluted natural air56the best title of this passage is .asick officesbsick workerscsick jobsdsick buildingsethe old idea that child prodigies（神童） “burn themselves” or “overtax their brains” in the early years, therefore, are prey to failure and (at worst) mental illness is just a myth. as a matter of fact, the outstanding thing that happens to bright children is that they are very likely to grow into bright adults. to find this out, 1,500 gifted persons were followed up to their thirty-fifth year with these results: on adult intelligence tests, they scored as high as they did as children. they were, as a group, in good health, physically and mentally. eighty-four percent of their group were married and seemed content with their life.about 70 percent had graduated from colleges, though only 30 percent had graduated with honors. a few had even flunked out（退学）,but nearly half of these had returned to graduate.of the men, 80 percent were in one of the professions or in business, managers or semiprofessional jobs. the women who had remained sin