微波低噪声放大器外文翻译.docx

microwave low noise amplifier analysismicrowave is the development of the wireless communication and development is not divided. 1901 years makeni use 800 khz medium-wave signals from britain to the world of the north american newfoundland first trans-atlantic radio communication test, a new era of human wireless communication. wireless communication at the initial stage, people use long wave spread to communication. the 1920 s people discovered the shortwave communication, until the 1960 s, the rise of satellite communications, it has always been the main international long distance communication means, and to the current emergency and military communication is still important. the waves of transmission for space is an electromagnetic wave propagation of the speed is equal to the speed of light. radio waves can be in accordance with the frequency or wavelength classification and named we put to more than 300 mhz frequency electromagnetic wave called a microwave. because each band spread characteristics of each different, can be used for different communication system. for example, the main wave travel along the ground, the diffraction ability strong, suitable for radio and sea communication. and short wave has strong the ionosphere reflection ability, it is fit to global communication. ultrashort wave and microwave diffraction ability is bad, can be used as stadia or beyond visual range relay communication. microwave communication is the product of the 20 th century 50 s. because of its large capacity and investment of communication cost province (accounts for about one 5 of the cable investment, high construction speed, combat ability of advantage and achieve rapid development. the 1940 s to the s produced transmission frequency band is wide, the performance is stable microwave communication, be long and large capacity wireless transmission lines to the ground of the main means, analog fm transmission capacity up to 2700 road, also can simultaneously transmit high quality color television, and then gradually entered the capacity and even in large capacity digital microwave transmission. since the mid 80 s, along with the frequency selective dispersion of digital microwave transmission interrupt the decline of the influence that and a series of adaptive decline against the technology and high state modulation and testing the development of technology, digital microwave transmission produced a revolutionary change. special should point out is the 80 s through the 90 s the set of high speed up more adaptive coding state demodulation technology and signal processing and the rapid development of the signal detection technology, to todays satellite communication, mobile communications, digital hdtv transmission, general high-speed cable/wireless access, and high quality of the magnetic recording and many other fields of signal design and signal processing applications, which plays an important role. in developed countries in the microwave relay communication long distance communication network the proportion of as much as 50% or more. according to statistics, the united states is 66%, japan is 50%, and the french for 54%. since 1956, our country from east germany introduced the first set of microwave communication equipment since, after the duplication and spontaneous development process, have made great achievements.in recent years, microwave communication systems have been huge development, thus result in microwave rf circuit performance had very great progress. and all kinds of communication system is the most critical circuit is one of the amplifier. due to the development of semiconductor technology in the development of the amplifier is very quickly. in recent years many use microwave appeared hybrid integrated technology and single piece of microwave integrated technology of the production process of the superior performance of amplifier.at present the microwave broadband low noise amplifier development direction of basically has two, one is to develop all kinds of power semiconductor devices, in the new type of semiconductor materials and active device based on a thorough investigation, mainly focus on the working frequency of active components, gain, and power density, output power capacity of the improved; on the other hand is all kinds of high efficiency, high power, microwave/millimeter wave broadband amplifier circuit of basic theory research, this paper studies the high efficiency, high power, ultra broadband amplification of the circuit topology structure, the expanded bandwidth, gain bandwidth amplification electrical products, power bandwidth product and gain, efficiency and power output of such as improving ways and means.with the height of the development of computer technology, applied to the bo circuit design simulation software also emerge in endlessly. from the simple calculating function to the circuit simulation development now until recently electromagnetic fields mix simulation function, simulation software design ability is also been gradually strengthened. microwave circuit simulation software launch and perfect, in the design of the amplifier to reduce artificial of calculation and improve the design precision, simplify the design process, shorten the product the development cycle has played a very perfect effect. active simulation software to agilent development of ads most powerful software, after practice, through the ads simulation software design out of the low noise amplifier, after circuit simulation and electromagnetic field after hybrid simulation, the actual test results and simulation of the results is good, index is satisfactory. therefore, in the computer technique highly development today, and ads and microwave circuit simulation software such as low noise amplifier active software research and development, can effective improve the design precision, shorten the development cycle.翻译 ：微波低噪声放大器分析微波的发展是与无线通信的发展是分不开的。1901年马克尼使用800khz中波信号进行了从英国到北美纽芬兰的世界上第一次横跨大西洋的无线电波的通信试验，开创了人类无线通信的新纪元。无线通信初期，人们使用长波及中波来通信。20 世纪20年代初人们发现了短波通信，直到20世纪60年代卫星通信的兴起，它一直是国际远距离通信的主要手段，并且对目前的应急和军事通信仍然很重要。用于空间传输的电波是一种电磁波其传播的速度等于光速。无线电波可以按照频率或波长来分类和命名我们把频率高于300mhz的电磁波称为微波。由于各波段的传播特性各异，可以用于不同的通信系统。例如，中波主要沿地面传播，绕射能力强，适用于广播和海上通信。而短波具有较强的电离层反射能力，适用于环球通信。超短波和微波的绕射能力较差，可作为视距或超视距中继通信。微波通信是二十世纪50年代的产物。由于其通信的容量大而投资费用省（约占电缆投资的五分之一），建设速度快，抗灾能力强等优点而取得迅速的发展。20世纪40年代到50年代产生了传输频带较宽，性能较稳定的微波通信，成为长距离大容量地面干线无线传输的主要手段，模拟调频传输容量高达 2700 路，也可同时传输高质量的彩色电视，而后逐步进入中容量乃至大容量数字微波传输。80年代中期以来，随着频率选择性色散衰落对数字微波传输中断影响的发现以及一系列自适应衰落对抗技术与高状态调制与检测技术的发展，使数字微波传输产生了一个革命性的变化。特别应该指出的是80年代至90年代发展起来的一整套高速多状态的自适应编码调制解调技术与信号处理及信号检测技术的迅速发展，对现今的卫星通信、移动通信、全数字 hdtv 传输，通用高速有线/无线的接入，乃至高质量的磁性记录等诸多领域的信号设计和信号的处理应用，起到了重要的作用。国外发达国家的微波中继通信