毕业设计-基于AT89C51单片机的实时时钟设计.docx

基于单片机at89c51实时时钟设计基于at89c51单片机的实时时钟设计学号姓名一系统分析本电路是由at89c51单片机为控制核心，具有在线编程功能，低功耗，能在4.5v超低压工作；显示部分用lcd1602实现，能够同时显示16x02即32个字符；闹钟部分由蜂鸣器构成，蜂鸣器是一种一体化结构的电子讯响器；时钟电路由ds1302提供，它是一种高性能、低功耗、带ram的实时时钟电路，可以对年、月、日、星期、时、分、秒进行计时，具有闰年补偿功能，工作电压为2.5v5.5v.采用三线接口与单片机进行同步通信，并可采用突发方式一次传送多个字节的时钟信号或ram数据。ds1302内部有一个318的用于临时性存放数据的ram 寄存器。可产生年、月、日、周日、时、分、秒，具有使用寿命长，精度高和低功耗等特点，同时具有掉电自动保存功能，本设计中为ds1302增加了备用电池，当主电源掉电时，备用电池自动为其供电；温度的采集由ds18b20构成；当闹铃时间到时，通过蜂鸣器播放闹铃铃声。二.系统功能框图的设计三.系统硬件设计 本设计采用的元器件如下：单片机at89c51lm016lds1302晶振crystal ds18b2024c02c电容cap电解电容cap-elec电阻res排阻respack-8按键button四.系统软件设计（流程图和软件设计） 主程序流程图时间调整程序流程图定时闹铃程序流程图44c程序：#include #include intrins.h#include 24c02.h#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned int/闹钟显示缓冲区code uchar alarm_one= hello,l.w hou;code uchar alarm_two=good morning hlw;code uchar w1=0x01,0x03,0x1d,0x11,0x1d,0x03,0x01,0x00;code uint cyc=1800,1600,1440,1351,1200,1079,960;/音阶1-7的半周期数code uchar tone=13,15,16,16,15,16,13,12,12,13,15,16,16,15,16,13,13, 13,15,16,16,15,16,13,12,12,15,13,12,13,12,11,12,6,6,12,15,13,12,6,6,15,13,12,13,12,11,12,6,5,6,0xff;/ 乐曲康定情歌的简谱表code uchar time=8,8,8,4,4,8,8,12,4,8,8,8,4,4,8,16,8,8,8,8,4,4,8,8,12,4,8,8,4,4,4,4,8,24,8,24,8,24,8,16,8,8,8,4,4,4,4,8,16,8,32;/ 节拍表uchar h0,l0,cnt;uchar code tabe1=20 - - ; /液晶一直显示的字符uchar code tabe2= : : ;uchar code tabe3=alarm set:;uchar miao,fen,shi,nian,yue,ri,week,wendu_shi,wendu_ge,wendu_shu,variate,alarm_shi,alarm_fen,alarm_miao;uchar flag=1,count=0,flag_up=0,flag_down=0,flag_alarm=0,alarm_on,alarm_count=0,done=0;uint wendu;/定义iosbit dq = p10; /ds18b20温度传送数据io口sbit ds1302_rst = p11; /1302复位sbit ds1302_io = p12; /数据输入输出sbit ds1302_sclk= p13; /串行时钟sbit alarm_out = p36;sbit lcd1602_rs = p20; / 1602命令、数据选择sbit lcd1602_rw = p21; / 1602写sbit lcd1602_e = p22; / 1602使能sbit set = p24;/选择按键sbit up = p25;/加sbit down= p26;/减sbit nao = p27;sbit acc0=acc0;sbit acc7=acc7;sbit mode=p32;/延时void delay(uchar x) uchar y,z; for(z=x;z0;z-) for(y=110;y0;y-);void delay1() _nop_(); _nop_();void delay2(uint ms) uint i,j; for (j=0;jms;j+) for (i=0;i0;i-) dq=0; if(dat&0x01=0x01) dq=1; else dq=0; ds18b20_delay(5); dq=1; ds18b20_delay(1); dat=1; uchar read_onechar()/读一字节uchar value=0,i;for(i=8;i0;i-) value=1; dq=0; ds18b20_delay(1); dq=1; if(dq=1) value|=0x80; else value&=0x7f; ds18b20_delay(4); return value;uint read_wendu() /ds18b20读温度 uchar a=0,b=0; uint wen=0x0000; ds18b20_init();/初始化 write_onechar(0xcc);/ 跳过读序号列号的操作 write_onechar(0x44);/ 启动温度转换 ds18b20_delay(150); ds18b20_init();/初始化 write_onechar(0xcc);/跳过读序号列号的操作 write_onechar(0xbe);/读取温度寄存器等（共可读9个寄存器） 前两个就是温度 ds18b20_delay(150); b=read_onechar();/读取温度值低位 a=read_onechar();/读取温度值高位 wen=a; wen=(wen0;k-) ds1302_io=acc0; ds1302_sclk=0; /拉低sclk ds1302_sclk=1; /拉高sclk acc=1; uchar read_byte() uchar k; for(k=8;k0;k-) acc7=ds1302_io; ds1302_sclk=1; /拉高sclk ds1302_sclk=0; /拉低sclk acc=1; return acc; void ds1302_write(uchar add,uchar date) ds1302_rst=0; ds1302_sclk=0; /在rst没拉高之前先把sclk置0 ds1302_rst=1; write_byte(add); write_byte(date); ds1302_sclk=1; ds1302_rst=0;uchar ds1302_read(uchar add) uchar temp; ds1302_rst=0; ds1302_sclk=0; /在rst没拉高之前先把sclk置0 ds1302_rst=1; write_byte(add); temp=read_byte(); ds1302_sclk=1; ds1302_rst=0; return temp;void ds1302_init() /ds1302初始化 ds1302_rst=0; ds1302_sclk=1; ds1302_write(0x8e,0x00);/写允许 ds1302_write(0x80,0x58); ds1302_write(0x82,0x56); ds1302_write(0x84,0x09); ds1302_write(0x86,0x12); ds1302_write(0x88,0x05); ds1302_write(0x8a,0x05); ds1302_write(0x8c,0x12); ds1302_write(0x8e,0x80);/写保护 /*lcd1602*/void lcd_write_com(uchar com) /命令字写入lcd单元中 lcd1602_rw=0; delay1(); lcd1602_rs=0; / rw=1，rs=0，写lcd命令字 delay1(); p0=com; /将com中的命令字写入lcd数据口 delay1(); lcd1602_e=1; /e端时序 delay1(); lcd1602_e=0; delay1(); lcd1602_rw=1; delay(5);void lcd_write_date(uchar date) /数据写入lcd单元中 lcd1602_rw=0; delay1(); lcd1602_rs=1; / rw=0，rs=1，写lcd命令字 delay1(); lcd1602_e=1; / e端时序 delay1(); p0=date; / 将dat中的显示数据写入lcd数据口 delay1(); lcd1602_e=0; delay1(); lcd1602_rw=1; delay(5);void lcd1602_init() /lcd初始化函数 uchar lcdnum; p3=0xdf; lcd_write_com(0x38); lcd_write_com(0x0c); lcd_write_com(0x06); lcd_write_com(0x01); lcd_write_com(0x80); for(lcdnum=0;lcdnum8;lcdnum+) /写第一行数据 lcd_write_date(tabe1lcdnum); delay(2); lcd_write_com(0x80+0x40); /写入第二行数据 for(lcdnum=0;lcdnum4; decimal=decimal*10+(bcd&=0x0f); return decimal; void wendu_decimal(uint dat) /温度转换后送显示 float temp; temp=dat*0.625; /dat*0.0625*10 wendu_shi=temp/100; /取十位 temp除不用定义类型 wendu_ge =(uint)temp)%100/10; /取个位 temp求模要定义类型,为 /16位，故定义uint wendu_shu=(uint)temp)%100%10; /取小数 lcd_write_com(0x80+0x40+10); /送显示 lcd_write_date(0x30+wendu_shi); lcd_write_date(0x30+wendu_ge); lcd_write_date(0x2e); lcd_write_date(0x30+wendu_shu); lcd_write_date(0xdf); /温度符号 lcd_write_date(0x43);void write_week(uchar we) /星期送显示 lcd_write_com(0x80+0x0d); switch(we) case 1: lcd_write_date(m); lcd_write_date(o); lcd_write_date(n); break; case 2: lcd_write_date(t); lcd_write_date(u); lcd_write_date(e); break; case 3: lcd_write_date(w); lcd_write_date(e); lcd_write_date(d); break; case 4: lcd_write_date(t); lcd_write_date(h); lcd_write_date(u); break; case 5: lcd_write_date(f); lcd_write_date(r); lcd_write_date(i); break; case 6: lcd_write_date(s); lcd_write_date(a); lcd_write_date(t); break; case 7: lcd_write_date(s); lcd_write_date(u); lcd_write_date(n); break; void lcd_write_com1(uchar com,bit rs) /命令字写入lcd单元中 lcd1602_rs=rs; lcd1602_rw=0; / rw=1，rs=0，写lcd命令字 p0=com; delay1(); delay1(); /将com中的命令字写入lcd数据口 lcd1602_e=0; delay1(); delay1(); lcd1602_e=1; /e端时序 delay1(); delay1(); lcd1602_e=0; delay1(); delay1();/*lcd1602闹钟显示函数*/ void display_1602_alarm() uchar i,j,k; p3=0xdf; lcd_write_com(0x38); lcd_write_com(0x0c); lcd_write_com(0x06); lcd_write_com(0x01); lcd_write_com(0x80); /液晶显示位置 delay2(5); for (i=0;isizeof(alarm_one)-1;i+) lcd_write_date(alarm_onei); delay2(5); lcd_write_com1(0x40,0);lcd_write_com1(0x40,0);for(j=0;j8;j+)lcd_write_com1(w1j,1);lcd_write_com1(0x80+0x0f,0);lcd_write_com1(0x00,1);lcd_write_com(0x80+0x40); /液晶显示位置delay2(5);for (k=0;ksizeof(alarm_two)-1;k+) lcd_write_date(alarm_twok);delay2(5); /*按键处理*/uchar key_bcd(uchar key_decimal) /转成ds1302所需的bcd码 uchar temp; temp=(key_decimal/10)&0x0f)59) miao=0; break; case 2: fen+; if(fen59) fen=0; break; case 3: shi+; if(shi23) shi=0; break; case 4: week+; if(week7) week=1; break; case 5: ri+; if(ri31) ri=1; break; case 6: yue+; if(yue12) yue=1; break; case 7: nian+; if(nian99) nian=0; break; if(down=0) /减键处理 delay(2); flag_down=1; /减 更新标志 while(!down); switch(count) case 1: miao-; if(miao=255) miao=59; break; case 2: fen-; if(fen=255) fen=59; break; case 3: shi-; if(shi=255) shi=23; break; case 4: week-; if(week1) week=7; break; case 5: ri-; if(ri1) ri=31; break; case 6: yue-; if(yue1) yue=12; break; case 7: nian-; if(nian=255) nian=9