生猪标准化规模养殖场项目可行性研究报告.doc

安徽省黄山市屯溪区翔腾生态养殖基地生猪标准化规模养殖场项目实施方案off here, the conductor said. this is as far as we go. is this woodford green ? i asked. oh dear, said the conductor suddenly. i forgot to put you off. it doesnt matter, i said. ill get off here. we are going back now, said the conductor. well, in that case, i prefer to stay on the bus, i answered.lesson51 reward for virtue 对美德的奖赏my friend, herbert, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. he began his diet a week ago. first of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. the list included most of the things herbert loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. yesterday i paid him a visit. i rang the bell and was not surprised to see that herbert was still as fat as ever. he led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. it was obvious that he was very embarrassed. when i asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. he explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. then he showed me the contents of the parcel. it contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets! lesson52 a pretty carpet 漂亮的地毯we have just moved into a new house and i have been working hard all morning. i have been trying to get my new room in order. this has not been easy because i own over a thousand books. to make matters worse, the room is rather small, so i have temporarily put my books on the floor. at the moment, they cover every inch of floor space and i actually have to walk on them to get in or out of the room. a short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs. she went into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floor. this is the prettiest carpet i have ever seen, she said. she gazed at it for some time then added, you dont need bookcases at all. you can sit here in your spare time and read the carpet! lesson53 hot snake 触电的蛇at last firemen have put out a big forest fire in california. since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. forest fire are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. they were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. this morning, however, a fireman accidentally discovered the cause. he noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. in this way, he was able to solve the mystery. the explanation was simple but very unusual. a bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. the snake then wound itself round the wires. when it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.lesson54 sticky fingers 粘糊的手指after breakfast, i sent the children to school and then i went to market. it was still early when i returned home. the children were at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet. so i decided to make some tarts for tea. in a short time i was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry. at exactly that moment, the telephone rang. nothing could have been more annoying. i picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when i recognized the voice of mrs bates. it took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later. at last i hung up the receiver. what a mess! there was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the door-knobs. i had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the door-bell rang loud enough to wake the dead. this time it was the postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter !lesson55 not a gold mine 并非金矿dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true recently. a new machine called the revealer has been invented and it has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground. the machine was used in a cave near the seashore where-it is said-pirates used to hide gold. the pirates would often bury gold in the cave and then fail to collect it. armed with the new machine, a search party went he did not like it. she enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.lesson58 a blessing in disguise? 是因祸得福吗？the tiny village of frinley is said to possess a cursed tree. because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to frinley has now increased. the tree was planted near a church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. it is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. the vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. he has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. in spite of all that has been said, the tourists-have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk. so far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!lesson59 in or out ？ 进来还是出去？our dog, rex, used to sit outside our front gate and bark. every time he wanted to come into the garden he would bark until someone opened the gate. as the neighbours complained of the noise, my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw on the latch to let himself in. rex soon became an expert at opening the gate. however, when i was going out shopping last week, i noticed him in the garden near the gate. this time he was barking so that someone would let him out ! since then, he has developed another bad habit. as soon as he opens the gate from the outside, he comes into the garden and waits until the gate shuts. then he sits and barks until someone lets him out. after this he immediately lets himself in and begins barking again. yesterday my husband removed the gate and rex got so annoyed we have not seen him since. lesson60 the future 卜算未来at a village fair, i decided to visit a fortune-teller called madam bellinsky. i went into her tent and she told me to sit down. after i had given her some money, she looked into a crystal ball and said: a relation of yours is coming to see you. she will be arriving this evening and intends to stay for a few days. the moment you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise. a woman you know well will rush towards you. she will speak to you and then she will lead you away from this place. that is all. as soon as i went outside, i forgot all about madam bellinsky because my wife hurried towards me. where have you been hiding ? she asked impatiently. your sister will be here in less than an hour and we must be at the station to meet her. we are late already. as she walked away, i followed her out of the fair. lesson61 trouble with the hubble 哈勃望远镜的困境in future, astronauts will be required to descend from a spaceship while it is still in space and to return to it. the ability to do this will be necessary in future flights to distant planets. scientists are now trying to discover if this is possible. the spaceship astra which left the earth a short time ago, will be travelling three hundred miles into space. at a certain point, the astra will stop for a short time and an astronaut will attempt to leave the stationary spaceship and then return to it. we shall not know whether the experiment has been successful until we have received a radio message. the first message is expected to arrive at 7 oclock this evening. by that time, the astra will have been flying through space for seventeen hours and will have circled the earth a great many times. when the first radio messages have been received, the results of the trip will be announced immediately.lesson62 after the fire 大火之后firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control. a short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. when the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. the seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. the planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. by then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. in place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil. lesson63 she was not amused 她并不觉得好笑geoffrey hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties. everybody admires him for his fine sense of humor-everybody, that is, except his six-year-old daughter, jenny. recently, one of geoffreys closest friends asked him to make a speech at a wedding reception. this is the sort of thing that geoffrey loves. he prepared the speech carefully and went to the wedding with jenny. he had included a large number of funny stories in the speech and, of course, it was a great success. as soon as he had finished, jenny told him she wanted to go home. geoffrey was a little disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked. on the way home, he asked jenny if she had enjoyed the speech. to his surprise, she said she hadnt. geoffrey asked her why this was so and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at him!lesson64 the channel tunnel 海峡隧道in l858, a french engineer, aime thome de gamond, arrived in england with a plan for a twenty-one mile tunnel across the english channel. he said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the channel. this platform would serve as a port and a railway station. the tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea-level. in 1860, a better plan was put forward by an一、项目摘要1.1项目提要1.1.1项目名称：安徽省黄山市屯溪区翔腾生态养殖基地生猪标准化规模养殖场项目1.1.2建设单位：黄山市屯溪区翔腾生态养殖基地1.1.3建设地点：安徽省黄山市屯溪区黎阳镇高枧村1.1.4建设年限：1年，从2007年9月至2008年9月1.1.5建设规模与产品方案项目建成后日处理尿液污水3.5吨、粪便2.1吨，年处理粪便、污水2044吨；日产沼气100立方米，年产沼气36000立方米；日产有机肥3.15吨，年产1144.75吨左右；项目建设期一年，第二年达满负荷生产。1.1.6投资估算与资金筹措本项目总投资56.6万元，其中土建工程13万元，仪器设备投资38.4万元，工程建设其他费2.6万元，基本预备费2.6万元。申请中央补助资金10万元，地方配套资金4万元，企业自筹资金42.6万元。1.1.7、效益分析 本项目实施后，每年向环境排放的畜禽污水可以减少2044吨左右，生产1144.75吨的有机生物复合肥年收入57.49万元，替代能源收入40万元。沼渣是可以制成质量好、肥效高的生物有机肥料。该项目的建设将带动本地区养殖业发展，使绿色生态农业得到进一步的发展，对促进农业产业结构调整及新兴产业形成，保护项目区建设地区的生态环境具有十分重要的意义。本项目建成后，将有效地处理和控制畜禽养殖场粪便的污染，实现粪便资源化和综合利用，改善居民区生活环境和农业生态环境，降低农产品生产成本，提高农产品市场竞争力；促进农业增效、农民增收，对于改良土壤环境，改善生态环境，保护人民的身心健康具有重大的现实意义，促进养殖业发展，也为社会主义新农村建设起到积极的推动作用。项目建成后，该场的粪污将得到妥善处理，变废为宝，这对于减轻当地水质污染，改良企业环境，改善农业生态环境，保护人民的身心健康，大力发展有机农业，提高农副产品的品质，走可持续发展的道路，促进农民增收，具有十分重要的意义。1.2编制依据 1.2.1国家发展改革委办公厅、农业部办公厅关于申报生猪良种繁育体系和生猪标准化养殖规模养殖场（小区）建设项目投资计划的通知（发改办农经20071939号）1.2.2安徽省发展和改革委员会、农业委员会关于申报生猪良种繁育体系和生猪标准化养殖规模养殖场（小区）建设项目投资计划的通知（发改农经2007830号）1.2.3畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准（gb18596-2001）1.2.4国家现行相关标准二、项目建设的必要性和可行性2.1项目建设的宏观背景受去年生猪价格过低、饲养成本上升和部分地区发生猪蓝耳病疫情等因素的影响，我国生猪生产出现下滑，造成近几个月猪肉供应偏紧，价格出现较大幅度上涨。生猪生产是农业的重要组成部分，猪肉是大多数城乡居民的主要副食品。抓好生猪生产，保持合理的价格水平，对稳定市场供应、满足消费需求、增加农民收入、促进经济发展具有重要意义。2.2项目建设的必要性近年来，随着养殖业的快速发展，规模化、集约化的养殖场和养殖小区不断增加，畜禽的粪便和污水排放量剧增，养殖污染问题越来越突出。一些养殖场的粪便随地堆积，污水任意排放，严重污染了周围的环境。如何在合理发展规模养殖、调整养殖结构与布局的同时治理养殖污染，是各级主管部门都十分关心的问题。养殖污染问题能否得到有效处理，已成为制约畜牧业可持续发展的关键所在。近期国家环保总局公布了对全国23个省、自治区、直辖市进行的规模化畜禽养殖业污染情况调查结果。调查结果显示，随着我国农牧业的迅速发展，畜禽养殖产生的污染已经成为我国农村污染的主要来源，环境管理薄弱，规模化畜禽养殖污染防治迫在眉睫。据介绍，我国畜禽饲养规模呈扩大趋势，禽类的规模化饲养水平则更高，对环境较大的大中型畜禽养殖场80集中在人口比较集中、水系较发达的东部沿海地区和诸多大城市周围。1999年我国畜禽粪便产生量约为19亿吨，是我国固体废弃物产生量的2.4倍，其中规模化养殖产生的粪便相当于工业固体废弃物的30；畜禽粪便化学耗氧量的排放量已达7118万吨，远远超过我国工业废水和生活废水的排放量之和。调查发现，由于多种原因，我国许多规模化畜禽养殖场地处于居民区内，8至10的规模化养殖场距当地居民水源地的距离不超过50米，30至40的规模化养殖场距离居民或水源地最近距离不超过150米。养殖场选址不当不仅构成了对周边地区的环境压力，还在许多地方造成了畜禽养殖场主与周围居民的环境纠纷。调查显示，我国规模化畜禽场的宏观环境管理水平普遍较低，全国90的规模化养殖场未经过环境影响评价，60的养殖场缺乏干湿分离这一最为必要的污染防治措施，而且环境污染投资力度明显不足，80左右的规模化养殖场缺少必要的污染治理投资。据调查者分析，过去一些地方将规模化畜禽养殖作为产业结构调整、增加农民收入的重要途径加以鼓励，环境意识相对薄弱，污染治理严重滞后。我国长期以来又把环境工作重点放在工业污染防治上，对包括畜禽养殖在内的农业污染治理缺乏相应的管理经验。国家环保总局表示，将充分利用此次调查结果，组织并指导地方确定重点环境管理的养殖名录以及重点控制区域，通过对强化综合利用，加强综合治理，进一步做好畜禽养殖污染防治工作，努力促进畜禽养殖环境与经济的协调发展，有效地保护和改善农村生态环境。从环境保护的角度来看畜禽生产过程，养殖业已成为一个不可忽视的污染源。据测定，一个万只养鸡场年产粪便360吨，一个百头养牛场年产粪便680吨，一个千头养猪场年产粪便达2000吨以上。除此之外，养殖业所造成的污染还有来自畜禽养殖场（户）的一些废弃物，如洗刷用具、病死畜禽、孵化残余物、霉变饲料等。造成畜禽养殖污染的原因有3个方面：一是养殖场当初的布局不合理；二是绝大多数养殖场没有相应的配套设施处理畜禽粪便；三是对于畜禽污染物的处理缺少扶持政策。畜禽养殖所引起的污染主要有：污染空气、造成水体污染、传播人畜共患病、影响畜禽的自身生长、对农作物危害。为控制畜禽养殖业产生的废水、废渣和恶臭对环境的污染，促进养殖业的生产工艺和技术进步，维护生态平衡，保障人体健康，国家环境保护总局先后发布了畜禽养殖业污染防治管理办法、畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准、畜禽养殖业污染防治技术规范，详细规定了畜禽养殖场的选址要求、场区布局与清粪工艺、畜禽粪便贮存、污水处理、固体粪肥的处理利用、饲料和饲养管理、病死畜禽尸体处理与处置、污染物监测等污染防治的基本技术要求。安徽省是一个农业大省，也是一个养殖大省，据统计，截止2005年底全省存栏牛364万头，共出栏生猪2812万头，出栏羊953万头，列全国第十位。其中较大规模的集约化养殖场有180个，每年产生粪污量：牛4569万吨、猪1967万吨、羊361万吨、家禽7.6万吨，而我省在集约化畜禽养殖场建造并正常运行的中小型沼气工程仅有17处，总池容2300立方米，处理消化能力非常有限，年处理粪便污染能力只有1.2万吨左右，所存在的源污染仍非常严重，以至于在养殖场的周围臭气熏天，良田无法耕种，水面无法养鱼，成为了疾病滋生的温床，影响了养殖业的健康发展。2.3项目建设的可行性2.3.1“生态安徽”战略为项目建设营造了良好的氛围。2003年，安徽省委、省政府明确提出建设“生态安徽”的战略目标，在全国率先打出绿色品牌要求全省在新的历史阶段，围绕人的全面发展，促进人与自然的和谐、物质文明和精神文明的协调，走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路，走资源节约型、清洁生产型、生态保护型、循环经济型的经济发展之路。要求在今后几年内，加强对全省所有生态良好地区和水系源头地区的生态环境管理；加大对水土流失治理和地下水、森林等资源的保护力度，进一步推进全省农村小城镇的建设，为全省新一轮经济发展创造良好的环境，在全省全面构建绿色农业生产体系、绿色农业生态体系、绿色农业认证体系。其中开展推广畜禽粪便和污水的无害化处理工程建设和生态农牧业模式，进行主体开发利用，实现物流、能流良性循环，减少污染等措施是建设绿色农业的重要手段。为此，全省农业和环保部门进一步提高认识，加强对沼气综合利用技术推广工作的认识，明确重点，搞好规划，把沼气的推广应用，作为农业废弃物综合开发利用、改善农村生态环境、实施农业和农村现代化建设的一项重要措施。2.3.2项目技术原理和技术路线成熟。该项目应用系统工程的原理，把生物、生态、环境、经济、人文等诸多因素集合成一体加以综合研究开发，其技术原理成熟，技术路线易学易掌握，操作使用便捷。并促进了生物、生态环境、能源和经济效益的协调发展，增加了循环因素，延长了生物链和效益链，改善了生活条件和生态环境，增加了拓展辐射功能。拟采用uasb发酵工艺，技术先进，工艺成熟，所产沼气养殖场自用，可有效降低成本，增加经济效益。2.3.3项目主产品生物、生态、环境、副产品综合利用前景广阔。粪污处理工程的主产品为沼气、有机肥，副产品为沼渣、沼液。沼气是微生物在沼气池中进行多种生化反应的产物，沼气可以用于炊事，沼气燃烧产生的热量可在冬天低温时对沼气池有效地增温保护。猪舍的粪便经干清后加工成为有机肥，市场前景好，适宜农作物及花卉种植，副产品沼液、沼渣是在厌氧条件下发酵产生的含有相当丰富的有机营养物质的有机肥，并对农作物具有防病灭虫的显著效果，沼液经人工湿地处理系统后，达标排放。2.3.4项目承担单位具有一定的技术基础。自养殖基地成立以来，采取固体限位、自动饮水、全封闭管理等工厂化、专业化方式养殖，打造优良品牌，构建良种扩繁、商品猪、仔猪一体化生产模式。同时，养殖场十分重视生态建设，建场时就树立生态养殖的新理念，规划设计已将粪污处理工程纳入重要内容。公司技术实力雄厚，拥有职工18人，其中专业技术人员6人，他们从事养猪一线生产多年，具有丰富实践经验和专业理论基础，分工负责全场的生产、疫病防治、饲料、销售等。公司管理体制健全，市场化运作能力较强，已建立一整套市场营销网络，产品基本上供应黄山市和浙江等地。三、市场供求分析及预测3.1发展现状与前景分析2007年7月，全国仔猪、生猪、猪肉平均价格分别为13.31元/公斤、9.02元/公斤和14.39元/公斤。内蒙古仔猪价格较高，为18.33元/公斤；江苏全国最低，为8.52元/公斤。浙江、山东等省份生猪价格涨幅较高，超过5。上海市猪肉价格依然全国最高，为17.5元/公斤。与去年同期相比，仔猪、生猪、猪肉价格分别上涨71.3、45.2和29.3。主要原因是46月份生猪产品价格正处于历史较低水平，自去年7月份以来，生猪产品价格总体上保持了持续上涨的态势。其中仔猪价格已连续10个月上涨；生猪价格经历了今年23月份小幅回调后，本月有所上涨。据农业部的分析，当前生猪市场价格持续攀升，是生猪市场供求变化、饲养成本增加、农产品价格上涨等多种因素影响的结果。3.2市场需求调查与预测农业部调查组调查结果显示，生猪养殖效益明显好转，养殖户信心增强。近期，全国生猪及产品价格持续上涨。为分析生猪市场价格上涨的原因，把握生猪供求情况，农业部组成调查组分赴江西、广东、河南、湖南、辽宁和四川等地开展调研。调查表明，目前生猪市场价格高位运行，养殖效益明显好转，农户养殖信心增强，全国生猪生产基本保持稳定。2006年7月份以来，生猪价格连续7个月保持上涨势头，生猪和猪肉价格已接近2004年9月份历史最高价。2006年16月全国生猪价格持续低迷，养猪业普遍亏损。7月份以后，生猪及其产品价格开始上涨，养殖效益逐步恢复至盈利水平。尽管现在生猪在高价位运行，但农民补栏极其谨慎，其中之一是猪高热病的严重困扰。6月13日，首批高致病性猪蓝耳病疫苗经检验合格，正式下线，为高致病性猪蓝耳病防控工作提供了有力技术支撑，将在防控工作中发挥重要作用。近期，新型疫苗将陆续调往生猪主产区、疫情高发区等重点地区，免疫工作将在全国有序开展。这对于我国对高致病性猪蓝耳病的控制，提高农民的养殖积极性，提高生猪存栏量、都具有极大的作用。随着我国市场经济的不断发展，实施规模化养殖是生猪产业发展到一定程度后的必然选择。随着市场竞争加剧和人们对畜产品质量的要求越来越高，千家万户的分散饲养已经难以适应，而规模化养殖即可增加经济效益和抵抗市场风险的能力，还可实施标准化生产、提高畜产品质量的必要基础。只有生猪产业达到一定规模，才能实现服务指导、科技应用、产品销售、质量控制等的系列化、专业化、标准化，从而适应市场发展的需求，保证养殖效益和畜产品质量。总之，有规模才有效益，有规模才有市场，大力发展生猪产业的规模养殖已是大势所趋。四、项目承担单位基本情况本项目建设单位黄山市屯溪区翔腾生态养殖基地属民营企业，现已发展成为一个集种畜繁育、肉猪饲养、生猪销售、苗木培育、水产养殖服务于一体，产供销一条龙的市级农业产业化龙头企业。养殖基地现有固定资产445万元，核心养殖区面积3000平方米，现有二元母猪150头，育肥猪200余头。此外，还兴建水产品养殖区30亩、经果林和生态林种植区100亩。养殖场现有200平方米办公楼，水电配套实施齐全，拥有职工18人，其中专业技术人员6人。每年向社会提供商品猪1000余头。公司管理体制健全，市场化运作能力较强，已建立一整套市场营销网络，产品基本上供应黄山市和浙江等地。五、项目地点选择分析5.1项目选址项目建设地点选择在黄山市屯溪区黎阳镇高枧村，靠近“合铜黄”高速公路，交通便捷。项目建设区水、电、路、通讯等基础设施齐备，符合项目建设选址要求。5.2建设条件区位优势十分明显。黄山市屯溪区位于安徽省南部，系黄山市中心城区，年最高气温40，最低气温-8，年平均气温15.6，常年降雨量1212.5mm,海拔96-1400米。六、工艺技术方案分析6.1粪污处理工艺6.1.1工艺设计原则（1）减量化：治理好畜禽粪污染，必须从污染的源头抓起，必须有效地消减总量，如冲棚、冲凉可做到少用或不用，把冲棚、冲凉水减少到最低限度，从而减少治理经费，达到将污染源控制在最低限度的目的。（2）无害化：选用先进的厌氧发酵沼气处理技术，所有污水必须经过封闭式的厌氧发酵工艺，常温发酵。经过15天左右的厌氧发酵，病毒杀灭率达96以上，无毒无味运行，消除蚊蝇孳生地，切断寄生虫的生长源，细菌指标达到卫生防疫要求。（3）资源化：有害粪污经过治理，达到变废为宝的目的。工艺上采用干清粪分离方式，冲洗污水、尿水治理经过厌氧发酵后可去除cod85、bod80，沼液通过人工湿地系统进行脱氮除磷后可进行农田灌溉、水产养殖或者达标排放。经过固液分离后产生的沼渣与收集的粪便用做生产有机肥的生产原料，从而产生经济效益。（4）生态化：通过对粪污的治理，控制场区及周边水体污染，改善空气质量。沼气通过厌氧发酵后所产生的沼液通过人工湿地系统后可以达标排放，同时生产有机肥可改善生产基地土壤生态环境。实施无公害生产发展生态农业，促进土壤生态系统能量有效转化，全面提高生态环境质量。6.1.2沼气工程原料来源（1）养猪场尿液、冲洗污水安徽省黄山市屯溪区翔腾生态养殖基地常年存栏二元杂种母猪150头，三元杂种商品猪200余头。根据黄山市屯溪区翔腾生态养殖基地的粪污量收集的经验，平均每头猪尿液及冲洗水综合考虑为10公斤。根据此计算每日实际粪尿污水约3.5吨左右。水力滞留期按15天考虑，沼气池设计选用100立方米，池容产气率1立方米/立方米,每天产气约100立方米。（2）有机肥料生产根据我养殖场的实际情况，干猪粪及沼渣每日平均能收集约2.1吨。按每吨猪粪生产1.5吨有机肥计算，每天可产有机肥3.15吨，年产有机肥1149.75吨。6.2工艺流程图- 29 -off here, the conductor said. this is as far as we go. is this woodford green ? i asked. oh dear, said the conductor suddenly. i forgot to put you off. it doesnt matter, i said. ill get off here. we are going back now, said the conductor. well, in that case, i prefer to stay on the bus, i answered.lesson51 reward for virtue 对美德的奖赏my friend, herbert, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. he began his diet a week ago. first of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. the list included most of the things herbert loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. yesterday i paid him a visit. i rang the bell and was not surprised to see that herbert was still as fat as ever. he led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. it was obvious that he was very embarrassed. when i asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. he explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occ