鑫山矿业有限公司项目可行性研究报告2.docVIP

ground over the desolate hills. winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. when the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. the seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. the planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. by then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. in place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil. lesson63 she was not amused 她并不觉得好笑geoffrey hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties. everybody admires him for his fine sense of humor-everybody, that is, except his six-year-old daughter, jenny. recently, one of geoffreys closest friends asked him to make a speech at a wedding reception. this is the sort of thing that geoffrey loves. he prepared the speech carefully and went to the wedding with jenny. he had included a large number of funny stories in the speech and, of course, it was a great success. as soon as he had finished, jenny told him she wanted to go home. geoffrey was a little disappointed by this but he did as his daughter asked. on the way home, he asked jenny if she had enjoyed the speech. to his surprise, she said she hadnt. geoffrey asked her why this was so and she told him that she did not like to see so many people laughing at him!lesson64 the channel tunnel 海峡隧道in l858, a french engineer, aime thome de gamond, arrived in england with a plan for a twenty-one mile tunnel across the english channel. he said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the channel. this platform would serve as a port and a railway station. the tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea-level. in 1860, a better plan was put forward by an englishman, william low. he suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built. this would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. if, at the time, the british had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. recently, there has again been great interest in the idea of a channel tunnel. if it is built, it will connect britain to europe for the first time in history.lesson65 jumbo versus the police 小象对警察last christmas, the circus owner, jimmy gates, decided to take some presents to a childrens hospital. dressed up as father christmas and accompanied by a guard of honour of six pretty girls, he set off down the main street of the city riding a baby elephant called jumbo. he, should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. a policeman approached jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side-street as jumbo was holding up the traffic. though jimmy agreed to go at once, jumbo refused to move. fifteen policemen had to push very hard to get him off the main street. the police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. jumbo must weigh a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt have to carry him. of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.lesson66 sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！the hatheld puffin is a modern aero-plane, but its designer, mr john wimpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground. the reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. after mr wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. in 1961, it was the first man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile. while being flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airfield. since then, mr wimpenny has had it rebuilt. he has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a dakota. many people have shown interest in this new and unusual sport. but though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and may, eventually, even get across the english channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the atlantic.lesson67 volcanoes 火山haroun tazieff the polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. in 1948, he went to lake kivu in the congo to observe a new volcano which he later named kituro. tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. he noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. it threatened to surround him completely, but tazieff managed to escape just in time. he waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. this time, he managed to climb into the mouth of kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. tazieff has often risked his life in this way. he has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. lesson68 persistent 纠缠不休i crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. it was no use pretending that i had not seen him, so i waved to him. i never enjoy meeting bert dykes. he never has anything to do. no matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. i had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.hullo, bert, i said. fancy meeting you here !hullo, elizabeth, bert answered. i was just wondering how to spend the morning-until i saw you. youre not busy doing anything, are you ? no, not at all, i answered. im going to. .would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before i had finished speaking. not at all, i lied, but im going to the dentist. then ill come with you, he answered. theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 but not murder! 并非谋杀！i was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. i had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. after having been instructed to drive out of town, i began to acquire confidence. sure that i had passed, i was almost beginning to enjoy my test. the examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, just one more thing, mr eames. let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. as soon as i tap on the window, i want the car to be stopped immediately. i continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. i suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. the examiner looked at me sadly. mr eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 red for danger 危险的红色during a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. the crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. the bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. the crowd suddenly grew quiet. the drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. when the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. the crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. by this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.lesson71 a famous clock 一个著名的大钟when you visit london, one of the first things you will see is big ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the b.b.c. if the houses of parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. big ben takes its name from sir benjamin hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new houses of parliament were being built. it is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. officials from greenwich observatory have the clock checked twice a day. on the b.b.c. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. big ben has rarely gone wrong. once, however, it failed to give the correct time. a painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! lesson72 a car called bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车the great racing driver, sir malcolm campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. he set up a new world record in september 1935 at bonneville salt flats, utah. bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. it was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. although campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. after his attempt, campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. however, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. his average speed had been 301 miles per hour. since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. following his fathers footsteps many years later, sir malcolms son, donald, also set up a world record. like his father, he was driving a car called bluebird.lesson73 the record-holder 纪录保持者little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. a quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. they have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. he hitch- hiked to dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. when he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to calais. no one noticed the boy as he crept off. from there, he hitch-hiked to paris in a lorry. the driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. the next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of paris as he hoped it would, but to perpignan on the french-spanish border. there he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to england by the local authorities. he has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.lesson74 out of the limelight 舞台之外an ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. but as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.this is a wonderful place for a picnic, said gloria gleam. it couldnt be better, gloria, brinksley meers agreed. no newspaper men, no film fans! why dont we come more often ? meanwhile, two other actors, rockwall slinger and merlin greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. when they had all made themselves comfortable, a stranger appeared. he looked very angry. now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: im sheriff here. do you see that notice ? it says no camping-in case you cant read ! look, sheriff, said rockwall, dont be too hard on us. im rockwall slinger and this is merlin greeves. oh, is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. well, im brinksley meers, and my other name is gloria gleam. now you get out of here fast !lesson75 sos 呼救信号when a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. the only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. it was the middle of winter. snow lay thick on the ground. the woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. when it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the年产3万吨方解石矿开发超微细重质碳酸钙粉体功能新材料项目可行性研究报告第一章 总 论一、概述（一）项目名称：年产3万吨方解石矿开发超微细重质碳酸钙粉体新材料项目项目承担单位：咸丰县鑫山矿业有限公司法人代表：谭乔项目建设地点：咸丰经济开发区技术依托单位：中国地质大学新材料研究研（二）可行性报告编制依据和原则1、报告编制依据（1）国务院关于西部大开发苦干政策措施的实施意见（2）恩施自治州人民政府关于支持民营企业若干政策意见（3）中国咸丰县委、咸丰县人民政府关于进一步改善经济开发软环境的决定（4）咸丰县鑫山矿业有限公司提供的资料（5）湖北省地质二大队提供的咸丰县尖山乡麻柳沟方解石矿山矿产资源开发利用方案（6）咸丰县人民政府与武汉科建源医疗器材有限公司签定的咸丰方解石开办协议书（7）现场踏勘情况2、报告编制原则（1）利用咸丰经济开发区的建设的契机，减少建设投资，缩短建设周期。（2）采用国内市场上最先进的设备和中国地质大学最新的科技成果，成熟的生产工艺。（3）“三废”处理贯彻“三同时”的原则，对本项目的“三废”进行有效的治理，达到国家规定的排放标准（4）按照国家计委项目可行性研究报告编制内容深度的规定，本着实事求是的原则，依据优势资源，根据市场需求，推动产品深加工增值。（5）现场踏勘情况3、研究范围本报告对市场需求、产品方案、生产规模、工艺技术方案、原辅助材料及燃料供应，建厂条件和厂址、公用工程和辅助设施方案，环境保护和劳动安全，公司组织、劳动定员，项目实施规划、投资估算和资金筹措及财务评价等问题进行研究。二、项目提出的背景咸丰县是湖北省12个贫困县之一，也是国家列为西部大开发的县市之一，在国家和省委省政府的支持下，几年来，农业发展速度较快，基本上解决温饱问题，由于地方工业发展缓慢，严重制约了咸丰县经济发展速度。发展咸丰县地方工业，用高科技手段开发地方优势资源，增强地方经济实力刻不容缓。咸丰县鑫山矿山有限公司是一家独资民营企业，总投资2500万元，注册于咸丰经济开发区，注册资本500万元 ，占地面积18000平方米，是一家非金属开采、方解石深加工，为超微细粉体工能新材料及化工原料的经营企业，产品投资后为国家创税入千万元，安排延长转退伍军人50人，失业下岗人员150人。中国地质大学为本公司提供强有力技术支撑，生产工艺自动化程度高、规范科学、软技术是国家发明专利，引进先进的德国湿法超细设备。高效率、无污染，产品特点为系列化、功能化，面向国际市场。三、投资的必要性湖北咸丰县对方解石资源的开发以水磨石为起点，1989年开始进行初级粉体加主要销往全州及重庆、湖南用于建筑涂料。由于产品档次低，适用领域受到局限，产量和价格有限，有些个体加工户处于倒闭状态。本项目的实施和利于联合初级加工厂，起到龙头带动作用，真正形成一个大产业，一个集团，全面整合优势资源，最大限度的提高产品附加值。2006年9月，受咸丰县鑫山矿业有限公司的委托，湖北省地质大队，选点咸丰县尖山乡麻柳沟新建采掘方解石矿矿山一处，设计利用矿产资源12318吨，其开采储量12318吨，矿山生产规模3000吨，矿山服务年限约2-3年，其它可开发矿点有马溪沟、三角庄、乌杨树等地正在进行资源调查，储量也非常丰富。总之方解石矿产资源储量大、品位高，方解石呈巨晶产出，呈无色透明白色，三组菱面体解理完全，原矿石未发现其它矿物包裹体，现场采集的方解石样品送国土资源部武汉矿产资源监督检测中心优从化学成分检测和中国地质大学分析测度中心做白度检测，确定为方解石矿品质好，附加值高。四、项目建设的经济意义本项目投产后，正常年份可实现销售收入11500万元，利润2956万元 ，税金813万元（其中增值税及附加421万元，所得税392万元），出品创汇100万美元。同时项目可安排200余人就业。因此本项目具有较好的经济效益和社会效益。第二章 市场预测一、国内碳酸钙工业发展现状碳酸钙工业作为非金属矿工业的一个分支，在我国发展迅猛，已成为非金属矿工业的重要产业。据中国非矿协会碳酸钙专委会统计，目前我国碳酸钙生产加工企业近千家，其中具有一定规模的重质碳酸钙企业400余家，轻质碳酸钙企业320余家，其总生产能力约为700多万吨左右（其中，重钙为400万吨左右，轻钙为300万吨左右）。从协会调查分析的150多家生产企业采看，年生产规模5万吨以上的占4左右，年生产规模2万5万吨的占10，年生产规模1万2万吨的占26，其他60左右的企业生产规模小于1万吨。我国碳酸钙产品的开发生产虽然起步较晚，但发展很快，1992年重钙产量仅37万吨，到2002年近520万吨，年均递增率32左右。从产品结构采看，碳酸钙产量粒径为200325目产品占50；325目10m产品约占35；lom以下产品占15。其中，经表面处理的活性重钙产品占12。与此同时，我国对纳米级碳酸钙的科研及其工业应用的研究，受到了高度的重视，并加快了工业化步伐。（一）国内碳酸钙在主要行业应用的市场预测长期以来，世界上一些发达国家和地区碳酸钙的应用主要集中在造纸、塑料，油漆、涂料以及黏合剂和密封剂等领域。而我国碳酸钙产品主要应用集中在塑料，造纸，橡胶、涂料，油墨、胶粘剂、日用化工等领域。1.碳酸钙在塑料工业中的应用预测塑料工业是我国重钙最大的应用市场，已达100万吨以上。未来的几年和十几年里，我国塑料加工工业对碳酸钙产品的需求有增无减，占国内消费结构总量的40，为碳酸钙工业的发展提供了良好的机遇和光明的市场前景。目前，重钙在塑料中主要作为填料使用，用于塑料薄膜、pvc管件、工程塑料中，可提高制品的韧性，拉伸强度和冲击强度。在塑料编织袋，编织布，打包袋中主要使用325目的粗粒重钙产品；在塑料地板，地板革，部分人造革，地板卷材、塑料鞋、聚氯乙烯百叶窗，聚氯乙烯护墙板中使用325目10m细磨重钙作填料；在聚氯乙烯和聚乙烯电缆护套料中，使用600目5m的超细重钙产品但需进行表面处理，且多与轻钙混用；在聚乙烯薄膜、聚氯乙烯等塑料薄膜制品中使用的超细，活性重钙，对其粒径及粒径分布要求严格，另有部分重钙用于工程塑料和其他塑料制品上。2.碳酸钙在造纸工业中的应用预测目前，我国造纸用颜填料仍以滑石粉，碳酸钙和水洗高岭土为主，2001年重质碳酸钙消费量为61.2万吨，2002年为75万吨；而轻质碳酸钙2001年为35.7万吨，2002年为49万吨，造纸用重钙的消费量约占总消费量的18，且消费量年均增长率在30以上。2005年造纸矿物颜料总消费量可能达到350万吨，其中碳酸钙约170万吨造纸业也将成为碳酸钙最大的应用市场。3.碳酸钙在油漆涂料工业中的应用预测我国涂料用量从名列世界第六位跃升到第三位。重质碳酸钙在涂料中主要是代替ti02和其他颜料，也是主要的体质颜料，成本低、亮度合乎要求，粒度分布可以控制，细度碳酸钙又有很好的减光性能和抗老化性能。对基底介质的表面保护特性无任何妨碍。初级产品用于生产室内和室外浅色涂料喷涂料壁，精加工产品用于高亮度喷涂。加之重质碳酸钙的白度高，是内外墙建筑涂料的主要白色填料和颜料之一，在某些水性建筑内外墙涂料中，由于碳酸钙呈白色又亲水，且又能提高涂料油漆的光泽，提高产品的光泽度、干燥性和遮盖力，同时还具有补强作用，用量可达50以上。目前我国重质碳酸钙的缺点是粒度偏粗，表面未经改性处理，将来如能选用优质方解石原料加工出满足新型树脂漆及其他油漆质量要求的体质颜料，重质碳酸钙在油漆中的用量还将增加。2002年碳酸钙在涂料行业中的消费约为60万到100万吨，预测20042010年，重质碳酸钙在油漆涂料中的需求量将以年均8左右的速度增长，略低于同期油漆涂料的实际增长速度。4.碳酸钙在橡胶制品中的应用预测我国年耗胶量达235万吨，仅次于美国，居世界第二位。据有关部门预测，2005年橡胶需求量将达到250万吨，2010年达到295万吨，2015年将达到370万吨。碳酸钙是橡胶制品的主要无机非金属填料之一，据估计约占目前橡胶制品中无机非金属填料总用量的1/4，仅次于陶土，其用量约占无机矿物填料总量的27。重钙能使橡胶制品增容增量，有时兼有补强，隔离，脱模或着色的作用，降低成本；改进加工性能，起到补强和半补强作用；便于其他助剂的加入；超细重钙加入到橡胶制品中与不加填料的硫化橡胶相比有更高的抗张强度、耐磨性和撕裂强度。目前在橡胶制品领域，重质碳酸钙的应用比重要小于轻质碳酸钙，而且增长速度将要小于造纸和塑料领域，但超细活性重质碳酸钙在橡胶制品中的比重将不断提高，2002年碳酸钙在橡胶填料中消费为9万吨，预测2006年为5万吨，2010年为12万吨，年均增长率约8.5。5.碳酸钙在胶粘剂和密封剂中的应用预测由于我国目前超细重质碳酸钙的细度和表面活性满足不了要求，所以我国胶粘剂中填料的应用水平远不及欧美国家。根据欧美国家发展的经验，随着胶粘剂和密封剂中无机填料应用水平的提高和重质碳酸钙产品质量的提高，重质碳酸钙在胶粘剂和密封剂中将有良好的应用前景。考虑到我国目前重质碳酸钙在胶粘剂中应用水平较低的现实，按平均填充量12计算，2005年我国胶粘剂和密封剂将需要碳酸钙30万吨左右，需要超细活性重质碳酸钙6.0万吨左右；2010年按平均填充量15计算，我国胶粘剂和密封剂将需要碳酸钙55万吨左右，超细活性重质碳酸钙的用量将达到11万吨左右。另外，碳酸钙在油墨，医药，保健食品、饲料等领域也有一些应用。综上所述，2006年国内超细重质碳酸钙的总需求量将达到68万吨左右，较2000年增长106；2010年国内超细重质碳酸钙的需求量将达到105万吨左右，较2000年增长54.4 ，而同期重质碳酸钙微粉需求量的增长将小于4。（二）各种碳酸钙产品的应用现状1、碳酸钙碳酸钙(calcium carbonate)是一种重要的，用途广泛的无机盐重质碳酸钙(heavy calcium carbonate)又称研磨碳酸钙(groundcalciumcarbonate，简称gcc，美国称kotamite)，是用机械的方法直接粉碎天然的方解石、石灰石，白垩、贝壳等而制得。由于它的沉淀体积(1.11.9m1/g)比用化学方法生产的轻质碳酸钙沉淀体积 (2.4-2.8m1/g)小，因此被称为重质碳酸钙。目前，碳酸钙广泛应用于造纸，塑料、塑料薄膜、化纤、橡胶、胶粘剂、密封剂、日用化工、化妆品，油漆，油墨、涂料、医药、食品(如口香糖，巧克力等)等行业。2、改性碳酸钙用偶联剂对碳酸钙进行表面处理，使碳酸钙表面形成单 一分子层，使无机碳酸钙与有机高分子材料更好结合起来，经偶联剂处理的重钙可作为橡胶，塑料工业部分产品的填充 材料，除大幅度增加填充量外，还可改善制品的加工性质，提高产品质量。用表面活性剂等原料处理重钙，由于其亲水性基团与重钙的分子间进行结合，形成单分子活性层，在活性层上由于存在着活化剂的亲油性基团，从而改善了碳酸钙在油性基层中的分散性能。经活性剂处理的重钙可作为涂料，油墨等部分工业产品的填充剂，用于聚乙烯的电缆料，能提高绝缘性能，用于橡胶中能改善其分散性能和制品的脱膜性，增加成品的表面光洁度和曲绕性，也能改善制品的加工性能和物理机械性。3、填充母料以重钙粉为主要原料(重钙粉占80左右)，通过偶联剂、载体树脂、高压聚乙烯、助剂等化工原料加热混合生产而成，具有分散性好，与树脂结合力强。溶融均匀，添加量高，机械磨损小，应用方便，不仅可以提高产品的硬度，刚性，耐热性，尺寸稳定性，还能降低产品生产成本。因此被广泛用于纺织袋，打包带、聚烯烃中控制品、薄膜，地毯底布等产品。（三）产品市场前景分析1、国内市场作为一种白色的工业矿物产品的超细重质碳酸钙，因其与现代高分子复合材料(塑料，橡胶、胶粘剂)，油膝涂料、高级纸张(填料和颜料)等密切相关。近20年来，市场需求不断扩大，已成为全球造纸工业和塑料工业用量最大的工业矿物原料之一。从1990年以来，我国的普通重质碳酸钙和超细重质碳酸钙产量逐年上升，但由于产品结构不合理，每年还要进口一定数量的超细重钙粉。1、塑料工业塑料制品是重质碳酸钙最大的消费领域。自1990年以来，我国重质碳酸钙在塑料制品中的消费量增长速度很快，2000年达100万吨。但是，我国重钙与轻钙在塑料中的消费比重远未达到欧美等发达国家的水平。因此，重质碳酸钙在未来塑料制品中的消费比重还将进一步提高，用量也将进一步增加。由于目前国产重质碳酸钙产品75左右为400目以下的细粉，还难以满足部分对制品弯曲强度、冲击强度等力学性能要求较高的塑料制品，如pvc异型材、汽车塑料零部件、工程塑料、聚氯乙烯薄膜，包装膜，地膜、可焚烧垃圾袋等的应用要求。这些应用领域不仅要求产品纯度高、粒度细，而且还要进行表面活化改性。因此，超细和表面改性后的重质碳酸钙在塑料制品中的应用范围和用量还将扩大，市场发 展前景看好。根据塑料工业“十五”计划和2015年规划，我国塑料制品产量在2000-2005年之间的年增长率为8，2006-2015年之间的年增长率为10，相应的产量分别为2500万吨和5000万吨，2010年将达到3600万吨。按规划，2005年包装用塑料的产量将达到550万吨。按400目重质碳酸钙平均填充量10折算，需要重质碳酸钙55万吨以上。垃圾袋薄膜专用母料就是使用最大粒径小于10m、平均粒径5m左右的超细重质碳