网站建设技术外文翻译.doc

网站建设技术* feng liu ,lingling zhang, jifa gu, international journal of knowledge and systems sciences, volume 4.number 4 .december 20071.介绍 网络技术的发展,为今天全球性的信息交流与资在建立源共享和交往提供了更多的途径和可能。足不出户便可以知晓天下大事,按几下键盘或点几下鼠标可以与远在千里之外的朋友交流,网上通信、网上浏览、网上交互、网上电子商务已成为现代人们生活的一部分。internet 时代, 造就了人们新的工作和生活方式,其互联性、开放性和共享信息的模式,打破了传统信息传播方式的重重壁垒,为人们带来了新的机遇。随着计算机和信息时代的到来,人类社会前进的脚步在逐渐加快。近几年网页设计发展,快得人目不暇接。随着网页设计技术的发展,丰富多彩的网页成为网上一道亮丽的风景线。要想设计美观实用的网页就应该深入掌握网站建设技术。在建立网站时,我们分析了网站建立的目的、内容、功能、结构,应用了更多的网页设计技术。2、网站的定义2.1 如何定义网站 确定网站的任务和目标,是建设网站所面临的最重要的问题。为什么人们会来到你的网站? 你有独特的服务吗? 人们第一次到你的网站是为了什么? 他们还会再来吗? 这些问题都是定义网站时必须考虑的问题。要定义网站,首先,必须对整个网站有一个清晰认识,弄清到底要设计什么、主要的目的与任务、如何对任务进行组织与规划。其次,保持网站的高品质。在众多网站的激烈竞争中,高品质的产品是长期竞争的最大优势。一个优秀的网站应具备：（1）用户访问网站的速度要快；（2）注意反馈与更新。及时更新网站内容、及时反馈用户的要求；（3）首页设计要合理。首页给访问者留下的第一印象很重要,设计务必精美,以求产生良好的视觉效果。2.2 网站的内容和功能 在网站的内容方面,就是要做到新、快、全三面。网站内容的类型包括静态的、动态的、功能的和事物处理的。确定网站的内容是根据网站的性质决定的,在设计政府网站、商业网站、科普性网站、公司介绍网站、教学交流网站等的内容和风格时各有不同。我们建立的网站同这些类型的网站性质均不相同。2.3 网站的结构（1）网站的结构；（2）定义导航；（3）可视化设计；（4）设计框架和页面。3、网站的设计与实现 随着人们对设计的要求越来越高,高格调,高品位的设计作品,才深受人们的欢迎。这也就给设计者们提出了更高的要求,从这个角度说,板式设计正是满足了人们的要求应需而生。科技的飞跃发展, 让internet 走进了千家万户,也产生出新的设计领域空间,而网页设计成为新的设计领域的重要内容。优秀的网页设计,必须有好的创意,才能使观者视线久久难移,产生震撼力。版面设计是很重要的,通过文字、图形的空间组合,能最佳的表达出和谐与美。如果想进一步认识网页设计,做出有别于一般网站的网页,就需要掌握更多的象css 、javascript 、cgi 等网页设计技术。在网站的建设中就应用了css 、javascript 等网页设计技术。3.1 应用css 设计网页(1) 什么是css ? css 是一种样式表(stylesheet)技术。也有的人称之为层叠样式表( cascading stylesheet)。(2) css与html的结合方式。方式一：将所定义的css内容书写在这一对标签之间。方式二：将css内容单独保存为一个文本文件,再由标签来调用。(3) css在网站中的应用事例。在网站中的页面,增加了以下的定义, 使页面有特殊的显示效果。3.2 应用javascript 设计网页 javascript的出现使得信息和用户之间不仅只是一种显示和浏览的关系,而是实现了一种实时的、动态的、可交式的表达能力。从而基于cgi静态的html页面将被可提供动态实时信息,并对客户操作进行反应的web页面的取代。javascript脚本正是满足这种需求而产生的语言。它深受广泛用户的喜爱。它是众多脚本语言中较为优秀的一种。与www的结合有效地实现了网络计算和网络计算机的蓝图。3.3 应用 dreamweaver 设计网页macromedia dreamweaver 是为视觉上设计并且管理网络站点和网页的一个专业的html 编辑器。不论你是比较喜欢手写代码还是在可视化编辑的环境下工作，dreamweaver 都向你提供有用的工具让你快速起手或提高你的网络设计经验。dreamweaver 包括许多编码工具和特征：html css 和javascript 参考，一个javascript 调试器， 和代码编辑器（ 代码看法和代码查看器） 容许你在dreamweaver 中编辑javascript ，xml 以及其他文本文件。macromedia 的双程的html 技术可以导入html 而不会重新格式化。而且你如果愿意也可以设置dreamweaver 清理代码或重新格式化html。dreamweaver 的可视化编辑的土正也让你快速把设计和功能加到你的页面，而不用写一行代码。你能查看所有的你的站点的元素或资源。并且直接从一个容易使用的面版拖拽他们进一个文件。通过在macromedia fireworks 中创建并编辑图象来优化你的开发工作流程，然后直接将他们导入dreamweaver， 或假如直接在dreamweaver创造的flash 对象。dreamweaver 是可完全自定义的。使用dreamweaver 来创建你自己的对象和命令，修改快捷键，甚至写入javascript 来扩展dreamweaver 在新的行为、属性面板以及站点报告上的能力。dreamweaver 工作区域让我门从dreamweaver 工作区域的简短的概述开始。如果你已经没安装dreamweaver，双击dreamweaver 图标安装它。dreamweaver 工作区域不同工作的方式和用户的水平有不同的界面。当你安装dreamweaver 时，下列工作区域打开：当你创造并且编辑页面时，文件窗口显示当前的文件对象面板包含一些图标。你可以点击插入对象到你的文件。dreamweaver 提供许多浮动的面板，例如html 式样面板和代码检查器，它使你能够使用另外的dreamweaver 元素。launcher 转载器工具条包含打开关闭你的最经常使用的检查器和面板。属性检查器所选择的物体或文章的性质，并且让你修改那些属性（哪个属性在检查器出现取决于在文件中选择哪个对象）。打开dreamweaver 的窗口，检查器和面板，使用窗口菜单。靠着在菜单显示项目有一个勾，表示该项窗口项目在当前打开（尽管它可以被隐蔽在另外的窗户后面）。要打开一个窗口项目，从菜单选择项目名字或使用它的键盘快捷。使用dreamweaverdreamweaver 能在3 个方法显示一个文件：在设计视图，在代码视图，实际与代码结合视图，（改变你在其正在工作的视图，在dreamweaver 工作跳选择视图）dreamweaver 缺省是在设计视图显示文件窗口。另外，你呢功能使用设计试图的两种方法：在标准视图与布局视图。（你在对象面板最下面的视图分类选择这些视图）在布局视图你能设计页面布局，插入图形，正文和另外的煤体。在标准的视图，除了插入图形正文煤体，你能也插入层，创建桢文件，创建表格，并且做其他在布局视图无法做到的改变。_4.关于网站建设的几点体会 随着internet的普及，越来越多的政府部门、公司和个人意识到需要拥有自己的独立网站。下面就设计和制作网站谈谈自己的一些体会。 在进行完系统分析之后，我们就应该进行系统的设计。网页的设计类似于软件开发的设计，有自顶向下、自底向上和不断增补等设计方法。主要任务是网页内容的设计，包括网页的信息组织结构、外观、内容分块、导航与链接、目录结构等设计。系统设计是网站具体实现前的准备，对网页的实现进一步提出更具体的要求，对网页的整体效果、局部细节有更明确的设想。这个过程是整个网站规划中的关键。 接下来就是如何将自己设计的网站实现的问题。对于网站的实现，我认为需要考虑两部分：网页的实现；web服务器的实现。在网站实现的过程中，技术选型很重要。前者主要使用html语言，对于交互性较强的网站来说，建议采用asp、jsp、php等编程来辅助实现，更为复杂的网站可能还会有自己的数据库。后者则用到各种基于不同操作系统的web服务器软件的安装、调试。这个阶段是整个过程中最主要也最耗时的一部分。 当我们完成了上述工作后，就需要进行网页发布了。到了这个阶段，网页制作就接近尾声，主要工作是把做好的网页发布到网络上，对网页作最后的修改、测试，保证网页能在网络上正常地运行。 在网页发布以后，应对网页进行各个方面各种情况的测试，包括网页能否对任何不同的浏览器、不同的访问者都表现正常，asp、jsp、php程序能否正常工作等等。这个阶段是网页的试运行期，此时应把网页的各种缺陷尽量弥补，使网页更加完善。 经过一段时期的运行，网站就进入了正常运行期，主要工作是及时更新网页过时的信息，及时对访问者的留言做出反馈，进一步完善网页，不断采用新的技术更新升级网页，使网页的访问更迅速，外观更美观，信息资源更丰富。以上就是建站要大体遵循的七个步骤，这七个步骤是相辅相成的，但可根据网页的难易程度和复杂度适当增强或减弱某个环节。总之，建设一个成功的网站并非一件容易的事，它需要全方位考虑，综合各方面的因素。5.结束语 随着internet技术的突飞猛进,各行各业都在加入internet的行业中来。无论从管理方面,还是从商业角度来看,internet都可以带来无限生机。internet成为了一个设计人员施才华的新天地。人们将不断探索,将网站建设中的新技术应用在网站中。 参考文献：1 n.hritonenko, yu.yatsenko.creative destruction of computing systems: analysis and modeling, journal of supercomputing, 38(2006), 143-154.2 yu.yatsenko, n.hritonenko.network economics and optimal replacement of agestructured. it capital, mathematical methods of operations research, 65(2007), 483-497.3 a.s. boranbayev, reference architecture for web applications, reports of the national academy of science of the republic of kazakhstan, 5 (2007), 18-26.4 the spring framework official website: /.5 martin fowler discusses details of the dependency injection pattern and how spring.6 junit framework: /.7 spring framework official website - chapter 9, transaction management: /spring/docs/2.0.x/reference/transaction.html.8 a.s. boranbayev, optimal methods for java web services, news of the national academy of science of the republic of kazakhstan, 5 (2007), 38-43.原文二：on site construction technology feng liu，lingling zhang，jifa gu* feng liu ,lingling zhang, jifa gu, international journal of knowledge and systems sciences, volume 4.number 4 .december 20071 .introduction the development of network technology for todays global information exchange and sharing funding source in the establishment of contacts and provide more channels and possible. homes will be known world affairs, according few keyboard or a few mouse clicks can be distant friends thousands of miles away exchanges, and online communications, internet browsing, on-line interactive, e-commerce has become a modern part of peoples lives. internet era, has created the new peoples work and lifestyle, the internet, openness and sharing of information model, breaking the traditional mode of information dissemination many barriers for people with new opportunities. with computers and the advent of the information age, the pace of the advance of human society in gradually accelerated. in recent years the development of web design, fast people occupied. with the development of web design, a colorful online website together one scenic beauty. to design aesthetic and practical web site should be thoroughly master the building techniques. in building site, we analyzed the websites of objectives, contents, functions, structure, the application of more web design technology. 2.the definition of website how definition of websites 2.1 web site identified the tasks and objectives, the building site is the most important issue. why people will come to your website? you have a unique service? the first people to your website is to what? they will come back? all these issues must be taken into account when the site definition of the problem. definition site to, first of all, the entire site must have a clear understanding of what the design should understand in the end, the main purpose of the mission, how to carry out the task of organization and planning. second, to maintain the high-quality web site. many websites in the face of strong competition from high-quality product is the greatest long-term competitive advantage. an excellent web site should have the following: (1) users visit web site is faster. (2) attention to the feedback and updates. to update the content of the website and timely feedback the users requirements; (3) home design to be reasonable. home to the first impression left by visitors is important, the design must be attractive in order to have a good visual effect. 2.2 the contents of the website and function the content of the web site is to be a new, fast, all three sides. the content of the website, including the type of static, dynamic, functional and things to deal with. website content is determined in accordance with the nature of the site, in the design of the site, commercial websites, popular science site, company websites, teaching and exchange websites, the content and style are different. we have established websites with the nature of these types of sites are not the same. 2.3 the structure website (1) site structure; (2) definition of navigation; (3) visual design; (4) framework and design pages. 3.site design and implementation with increasing demands on design, high style, high-grade design work before gaining popularity. this also to the designers have put forward higher requirements, from this point of view, the plate design is to meet the requirements of the people should be and health. the rapid development of science and technology, the internet into millions of households, also produced a new design space, and a new web design an important part of the field of design. excellent web design, we must have good creative, so that the audience can be difficult to shift attention long time, produce power. layout is very important, through text, graphics space portfolio, can best express harmony with the united states. if you want to further understand website design, made separately from other web sites homepage, you need to have more like css, javascript, cgi, and other web design technology. in building on the site of the css, javascript and other web design technology. css 3.1 application design website (1) what is css? css is a style sheet (stylesheet) technology. some of them called css (cascading stylesheet). (2) the combination of css and html form. mode 1: the css content, as defined in the writing between the labels. mode 2: css will be preserved as a separate text file, and then from labels to call. (3) css the web site of examples. the web site pages, and increase the following definition so that the pages show with special effects. 3.2 application design website javascript javascript and the emergence of making information between users is not only a display and browse the relationship, but to achieve a real-time, dynamic, cross-expression. thus based on the cgi static html pages will be to provide dynamic real-time information, and customer response to the operation of the web pages replaced. javascript scripting is satisfy this demand arising from the language. its loved by extensive user. many scripting language it is in a relatively good. www and effectively achieve the combination of the computer network computing and network blueprint. 3.3 dream weaver:macromedia dream weaver is a professional html editor for visually designing andmanaging web sites and pages. whether you enjoy the control of hand-coding html orprefer to work in a visual editing environment, dream weaver makes it easy to get startedand provides you with helpful tools to enhance your web design experience.dream weaver includes many coding tools and features: an html, css, andjavascript reference, a javascript debugger, and code editors (the code view and codeinspector) that allow you to edit javascript, xml technology imports html documentswithout reformatting macromedias roundtrip html technology imports htmldocuments without reformatting the code and you can set dream weaver to clean up andreformat html when you want it to .dream weavers visual editing features also let you quickly add design andfunctionality to your pages without writing a line of code. you can view all your siteelements or assets and drag them from an easy-to-use panel directly into a document.streamline your development workflow by creating and editing images in macromediafireworks, then importing them directly into dream weaver, or by adding flash objectsyou create directly in dream weaver.dream weaver is fully customizable. use dream weaver to create your own objectsand commands, modify keyboard shortcuts, and even write javascript code to extenddream weavers capabilities with new behaviors, property inspectors and site reports.the dream weaver work arealets start with a brief overview of the dream weaver work area.if you havent already launch dream weaver, double-click the dream weaver icon tolaunch it.the dream weaver work area accommodates different styles of working and levels ofexpertise.when you launch dream weaver, the following work area items open:the document window displays the current document as you create and edit it.2the objects panel contains icons you click to insert objects in you document.dream weaver provides many floating panels, such as the html styles panel and thecode inspector which enable you to work with other dream weaver elements.the launcher bar contains buttons for opening and closing your most frequently usedinspectors and panels.the property inspector displays properties for the selected object or text, and lets youmodify those properties.(which properties appear in the inspector depend on the objectactively selected in the document.)to open dream weavers windows, inspectors and panels, use the window menu. acheck mark next to an item in the window menu indicates that the named item is currentlyopen(though it may be hidden behind other windows). to display an item that isntcurrently open, choose the item name from the menu or use its keyboard shortcut.working in dream weaverdream weaver can display a document in three ways: in design view, in code view,and in a split view that shows both the design and code.(to change the view in whichyoure working ,select a view in the dream weaver toolbar.)by default, dream weaverdisplays the document window in design view.in addition, you can work with dream weavers design view in two different ways inlayout view and standard view.( you select these views in the view category of the objectspanel.) in layout view you can design a page layout. insert graphics, text, and other media;in standard view, in addition to inserting graphics text and media, you can also insert layers,create frame documents, create tables, and apply other changes to your page-options thatarent available in layout view.4. construction on the site experience with the popularity of the internet, more and more government departments, companies and individuals aware of the need to have their own independent web site. below on the design and production sites on some of their own experience. after conducting systematic analysis end, we should carry out system design. web page design similar to the development of software design, top-down, bottom-up and continuous updating, and other design methods. the main task is to design the content of the sites, including the website information organization structure, appearance, content block, navigation and links, directory structure design. system design is the site ready before the concrete realization of the website to further the realization of more specific requirements, the overall effect on the website, local details have a clearer idea. this entire process is the key site planning. next is how to achieve their own web site design issues. the realization of the site, i think the need to be considered in two parts: the realization website; web servers can be achieved. in the process of achieving website, technology selection is very important. former major use html language, the stronger the interactive website, the proposed use of asp, jsp, php and other programming to help achieve, the more complex web site may also have its own database. the latter is based on all kinds of different operating systems used web server software installation and debugging. this stage is the whole process of the most important and most time-consuming part. when we completed the work, the need for website released. at this stage of the production on the website drawing to a close, the main task is to do a good job in the website release to the network, the web site for final modifications, testing, homepage can guarantee normal operation of the network. published in the website after website to deal with various aspects of the tests, including the possibility of any different web browsers, different visitors have shown normal, asp, jsp, php normal procedure can work, and so on. this stage is the website of trial operation period, the website at this time should be to make up for various shortcomings, the website will be more perfected. after a period of operation, the site entered the normal operation period, the main task is to update outdated information website, the visitors message timely feedback to further improve the website, the introduction of new technologies constantly update