操作系统课程设计.docx

1 课程设计目的 掌握linux操作系统的使用方法； 了解linux系统内核代码结构； 掌握实例操作系统的实现方法。 培养良好的自学习惯和能力。2 课程设计内容1 掌握linux操作系统的使用方法，包括键盘命令、系统调用；掌握linux下的编程环境。 编一个c程序，其内容为分窗口同时显示三个并发进程的运行结果。要求用到linux下的图形库。2 掌握linux下添加设备驱动程序的方法。以模块的方式，实现一个虚拟的字符设备驱动程序。 采用模块方法，添加一个新的设备驱动程序 要求添加字符设备的驱动 编写一个应用程序，测试添加的驱动程序3了解和掌握/proc文件的特点和使用方法 了解/proc文件的特点和使用方法； 监控系统状态，显示系统中若干部件使用情况； 用图形界面实现系统监控状态.3. 课程设计过程及源码1、 编一个c程序，其内容为分窗口同时显示三个并发进程的运行结果。要求用到linux下的图形库。程序说明：首先是主程序通过fork（） 函数创建新进程,然后通过调用execv 打开新文件以达到并发执行三个程序的目的.子程序则使用了gtk 编程,在一个窗体中放置了一个进度条,加了个文字标签以改善视觉效果./proc1.c#include #include typedef struct _progressdata gtkwidget *window; gtkwidget *pbar; int timer; gboolean activity_mode;progressdata; /*更新进度条，使进度条的移动*/gint progress_timeout( gpointer data ) progressdata *pdata = (progressdata *)data; gdouble new_val; int v; char text20=0%; new_val=gtk_progress_bar_get_fraction(gtk_progress_bar(pdata-pbar)+ 0.01; if (new_val 1.0) new_val = 0.0; v=(int)(new_val*100); strcpy(text,); sprintf(text,%d,v); strcat(text, %); gtk_progress_bar_set_fraction(gtk_progress_bar(pdata-pbar),new_val); gtk_progress_bar_set_text(gtk_progress_bar(pdata-pbar),text); return true;void destroy_progress( gtkwidget *widget,progressdata *pdata) /*退出*/ gtk_timeout_remove (pdata-timer); pdata-timer = 0; pdata-window = null; g_free (pdata); gtk_main_quit ();int main( int argc,char *argv) progressdata *pdata; gtkwidget *align; gtkwidget *separator; gtkwidget *table; gtkwidget *button; gtkwidget *vbox; gtk_init (&argc, &argv);/为传递到回调函数中的数据分配内存 pdata = g_malloc (sizeof (progressdata); pdata-window = gtk_window_new (gtk_window_toplevel); pdata-pbar = gtk_progress_bar_new (); pdata-activity_mode= !pdata-activity_mode; gtk_progress_bar_pulse(gtk_progress_bar (pdata-pbar); gtk_progress_bar_set_fraction(gtk_progress_bar(pdata-pbar),0.00); gtk_progress_bar_set_text(gtk_progress_bar(pdata-pbar),0.00); gtk_container_add (gtk_container (align), pdata-pbar); gtk_widget_show (pdata-pbar);/* 加一个定时器(timer)，以更新进度条的值*/ pdata-timer = gtk_timeout_add (100, progress_timeout, pdata); separator = gtk_hseparator_new (); gtk_box_pack_start (gtk_box (vbox), separator, false, false, 0); gtk_widget_show (separator); table = gtk_table_new (2, 2, false); gtk_box_pack_start (gtk_box (vbox), table, false, true, 0); gtk_widget_show (table); button = gtk_button_new_with_label (close); g_signal_connect_swapped (g_object (button), clicked, g_callback (gtk_widget_destroy), pdata-window); gtk_box_pack_start (gtk_box (vbox), button, false, false, 0); gtk_widget_set_flags (button, gtk_can_default); gtk_widget_grab_default (button); gtk_widget_show (button); gtk_widget_show (pdata-window); gtk_main (); return 0;/m_proc1.c#include #include #include #include #include int semid;char *finish;int p1,p2;int main (void)if(p1=fork()=0)/创建新进程execv(./p1,null);elseif(p2=fork()=0)sleep(1);execv(./p2,null);elseif (fork()=0)sleep(2);execv(./p3,null);/打开文件执行 return;运行结果：2、 字符驱动程序程序说明：对于实现字符设备的驱动,首先要挂载字符设备,然后加载设备的驱动程序,然后再调用测试程序进行测试.我们用insmod来挂载驱动，然后使用mknod c 设备名称 设备号来分配设备号,这里c 表示是字符设备.然后我们可以通过dmesg 查看每一步的进展情况.挂载设备成功后,通过lsmod 来查看所有挂载的设备,卸载设备则使用rmmod 设备号.所有这些完成后便可以开始测试了,编写测试程序test.c 包含读设备和写设备.具体操作步骤（在根目录下执行）：makeinsmod mydev.ko /挂载设备mknod /dev/mydev c 249 0 /分配设备号gcc o test test.c /编译测试程序./test /运行测试程序rmmod mydev /卸载设备rm /dev/mydev /删除设备号/mydev.c#include #include #include #include #include #include module_license(dual bsd/gpl);int mydev_major = 0;char *buffer= ;ssize_t mydev_write (struct file *filp, const char _user *buf, size_t count,loff_t *pos) int ret; ret=copy_from_user(buffer,buf,count); return 1;/buf是用户进程空间的一个地址.但是在mydev_read被调用时，系统进入核心态./所以不能使用buf这个地址，必须用copy_to_user，这是kernel提供的一个函数，用于向用户传送数据.ssize_t mydev_read(struct file *filp, char _user *buf,size_t count, loff_t *pos) int ret; ret=copy_to_user(buf,buffer,count); return 1;struct file_operations mydev_fops = /系统调用和驱动程序关联起来 .read = mydev_read, .write = mydev_write, .owner = this_module;int mydev_init(void) if(mydev_major=register_chrdev (0, mydev, &mydev_fops)=0) printk(register success!n); return 1; else printk(register failed!n); return 0; void mydev_cleanup(void) unregister_chrdev (mydev_major, mydev);module_init(mydev_init);module_exit(mydev_cleanup);/makefileifneq ($(kernelrelease),) obj-m := mydev.oelse kerneldir ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build pwd := $(shell pwd)default:$(make) -c $(kerneldir) m=$(pwd) modulesendifinstall:sudo insmod mydev.kounstall:sudo rmmod mydevclean:rm -rf *.o *.ko .*.cmd *.mod.c .tmp_versions/test.c#include #include #define maxbuff 1024#define device /dev/mydevint main(void)char buffmaxbuff,buff2maxbuff;int fd;printf(now driver test beginning.n);printf(open device.n);if (fd=open(device,o_rdwr)0)printf(open device is failedn);return 1;elseread(fd,buff,maxbuff);printf(the content of device is readed:n%sn,buff);printf(input something to device whatever you want:n);scanf(%s,buff);printf(write your input to device.n);write(fd,buff,maxbuff);read(fd,buff2,maxbuff);printf(the content of device is readed again:n%sn,buff2);printf(the driver test is ended successfuln);return 0;操作界面演示：1. 挂载后用 cat /proc/devices 查看分配的设备号2. lsmod查看挂载成功的设备3. 用测试程序测试挂载的驱动3、 用gtk做一个系统监视器程序说明：通过/proc得到系统的信息，并可以改变内核的某些参数。由于系统的信息是动态改变的，所以用户或应用程序读取proc文件时，proc文件系统是动态从系统内核读出所需信息并提交的。我们要显示系统信息，只需进行相应的文件操作。首先打开相应的文件，读取所需要的信息，将其写入一个缓冲区中，然后将缓冲区的内容加到gtk的相应的控件上面去，最后将控件组合显示即可。源程序：/explorer.c#include#include#include#include#include#include#include#include#include#include#include#include#include#include/系统参数的数据结构typedef struct sys_parameter char hostname22; /主机名char kernel_version33;/内核版本char cpu_model38; /cpu型号char cpu_mhz9;/cpu频率参数char keep_time10; /cpu到目前持续运行时间char total_mem8;/总内存大小char memfree8; /空闲内存大小char buffers8; char cached8; /磁盘缓存大小float mem_userate;/内存利用率float pre_cpu_use_time; /之前cpu使用的总时间float pre_cpu_total_time; float now_cpu_use_time; /当前cpu使用的总时间float now_cpu_total_time; sys_parameter;/系统进程状态的结构typedef struct process_stat char * fname; /父进程号char * level; /进程优先级char * mem_use; /内存使用情况struct process_stat * next; /指向下一个进程状态的指针 process_stat;sys_parameter * sys_parameter = null; gtkwidget * main_window; gtkwidget * main_vbox; gtkwidget * main_notebook; /notebook控件gtkwidget * main_table; /存放notebook的tablegtkwidget * main_frame4; gtkwidget * process_list; /进程列表gtkwidget * keep_time_label; /显示系统持续运行时间的labelgtkwidget * time_label; /显示当前时间的labelgtkwidget * pro_num_label;gtkwidget * entry; /进程号的输入框gtkwidget * cpu_use_label; /显示cpu使用情况的labelgtkwidget * mem_use_label; /显示内存使用情况的labelgdkpixmap * pixmap = null;gtkwidget * drawing_area;gdkpixmap * pixmap1 = null;gtkwidget * drawing_area1;dir * dir; /要打开的目录pid_t selected_process; /被选中的进程号int selected_row;int pro_num;int is_fresh = 1; /设置是否刷新进程信息int fresh_level = 10; /进程信息刷新频率，即多少秒刷新一次int fresh_time = 0; /刷新计时器int cpu60; /用于显示cpu折线图的数组信息int mem60; /用于显示内存折线图的数组信息int pro_flag32768;void dialog_show(char * title, char * text) gtkwidget * dialog;gtkwidget * label;dialog = gtk_dialog_new_with_buttons(title, gtk_window(main_window), gtk_dialog_destroy_with_parent, gtk_stock_close, gtk_response_none, null);gtk_window_set_resizable(gtk_window(dialog), false);g_signal_connect_swapped(dialog, response, g_callback(gtk_widget_destroy), dialog);label = gtk_label_new(text);gtk_widget_show(label);gtk_container_set_border_width(gtk_container(gtk_dialog(dialog)-vbox), 10);gtk_container_add(gtk_container(gtk_dialog(dialog)-vbox),label);gtk_widget_show (dialog);/得到当前所有进程状态void get_process_stat() process_stat * p;struct dirent * ptr;char temp200, tmp200, pro20, stat10, ppid10;gchar * drink4;int i, j, fp;p = (process_stat *)malloc(sizeof(process_stat);dir = opendir(/proc);/循环读取/proc目录下数字目录即进程目录，并将对应进程的部分信息存储到进程信息链表中pro_num = 0;while(ptr = readdir(dir) != null) if(isdigit(ptr-d_name0) & pro_flagatoi(ptr-d_name) sprintf(tmp, /proc/%s/stat0, ptr-d_name);fp = open(tmp, o_rdonly);read(fp, temp, 200);close(fp);/获取进程的所属的运行程序i = 0;while(tempi != ) i+;i += 2;j = 0;while(tempi != ) proj = tempi;i+;j+;proj = 0;drink3 = pro;/获取进程的状态i += 2;j = 0;while(tempi != ) statj = tempi;i+;j+;statj = 0;drink1 = stat;/获取进程的父进程号i+;j = 0;while(tempi != ) ppidj = tempi;i+;j+;ppidj = 0;drink2 = ppid;drink0 = ptr-d_name;gtk_clist_append(gtkclist *)process_list, drink);/在进程列表中添加该进程的信息pro_num+;pro_flagatoi(ptr-d_name) = 0;closedir(dir);return;void get_static_syspara(void) char temp1000, * temp1;int i, fp;/获取主机名fp = open(/proc/sys/kernel/hostname, o_rdonly);read(fp, temp, 200);close(fp);for(i = 0; i hostnamei = tempi;sys_parameter-hostname21 = 0;/获取内核版本fp = open(/proc/version, o_rdonly);read(fp, temp, 200);close(fp);i = 0;while(tempi != () sys_parameter-kernel_versioni = tempi;i+;sys_parameter-kernel_versioni = 0;/获取cpu信息存储到字符串中fp = open(/proc/cpuinfo, o_rdonly);read(fp, temp, 1000);close(fp);/从字符串中得到cpu型号for(i = 0; i cpu_modeli = tempi + 79;sys_parameter-cpu_model37 = 0;/从字符串中得到cpu频率参数for(i = 0; i cpu_mhzi = tempi + 151;sys_parameter-cpu_mhz8 = 0;/获取关于内存的信息fp = open(/proc/meminfo, o_rdonly);read(fp, temp, 1000);close(fp);/获取内存的大小temp1 = strstr(temp, memtotal);for(i = 0; i total_memi = temp1i + 16;sys_parameter-total_mem7 = 0;read(fp, temp, 200);close(fp);i = 0;while(tempi != .) sys_parameter-keep_timei = tempi;i+ ;sys_parameter-keep_timei = 0;/得到cpu当前信息的函数，用于求cpu使用率fp = open(/proc/stat, o_rdonly);read(fp, temp, 200);close(fp);i = 0;while(tempi != ) i+;i += 3;j = 0;while(tempi!= ) /得到user时间temp2j = tempi;i+;j+;temp2j = 0;user = atoi(temp2);j = 0;i += 2;while(tempi!= ) /得到sys时间temp2j = tempi;i+;j+;temp2j = 0;sys = atoi(temp2);j = 0;i+;while(tempi!= ) /得到nice时间temp2j = tempi;i+;j+;temp2j = 0;nice = atoi(temp2);j = 0;i+;while(tempi!= ) /得到idle时间temp2j = tempi;i+;j+;temp1 = strstr(temp, memfree);for(i = 0; i memfreei = temp1i + 16;sys_parameter-memfree7 = 0;/获取活动内存的大小temp3 = strstr(temp, buffers);for(i = 0; i buffersi = temp3i + 16;sys_parameter-buffers7 = 0;/获取活动内存的大小temp4 = strstr(temp, cached);for(i = 0; i cachedi = temp4i + 16;sys_parameter-cached7 = 0;/求内存利用率total_mem = atof(sys_parameter-total_mem);active_mem =total_mem - atof(sys_parameter-memfree) - atof(sys_parameter-buffers) - atof(sys_parameter-cached);sys_parameter-mem_userate = active_mem / total_mem;/显示系统到目前的持续运行时间void draw_keep_time() char hs7 = hours , ms9 = minutes , ss9 = seconds ; char temp3, temp13, keep_time_c35;int i, j;int keep_time, hour, minute, second;float hour_f, minute_f, second_f;keep_time = atoi(sys_parameter-keep_time);hour = keep_time / 3600; /得到运行小时keep_time -= 3600 * hour;minute = keep_time / 60; /得到运行分钟second = keep_time % 60; /得到运行秒hour_f = (float)hour; /下面这些工作都是将时间转化为字符串形式minute_f = (float)minute;second_f = (float)second;i = 0;j = 0;gcvt(hour_f, 2, temp);/将小时转换为字符串while(tempj != 0) keep_time_ci = tempj;i+;j+;for(j = 0; j 7; j+, i+) keep_time_ci = hsj;j = 0;gcvt(minute_f, 2, temp);while(tempj != 0) keep_time_ci = tempj;i+;j+;for(j = 0; j 9; j+, i+) keep_time_ci = msj;j = 0;gcvt(second_f, 2, temp);while(tempj != 0) keep_time_ci = tempj;i+;j+;for(j = 0; j style-white_gc, true, 0, 0, drawing_area-allocation.width, drawing_area-allocation.height);gdk_draw_line(pixmap, drawing_area-style-black_gc, 264, 52, 264, 2);gdk_draw_line(pixmap, drawing_area-style-black_gc, 13, 52, 268, 52);for(i = 0; i style-black_gc, 264, 52 - 10 * i, 268, 52 - 10 * i);for(i = 59; i 0; i-) gdk_draw_line(pixmap, drawing_area-style-black_gc, a, 52 - cpui, a - 4, 52 - cpui - 1);a -= 4;gtk_widget_queue_draw(drawing_area);return true;gboolean draw_mem() int i, a;a = 263;gdk_draw_rectangle(pixmap1, drawing_area1-style-white_gc, true, 0, 0, drawing_area1-allocation.width, drawing_area1-allocation.height);gdk_draw_line(pixmap1, drawing_area1-style-black_gc, 264, 52, 264, 2);gdk_draw_line(pixmap1, drawing_area1-style-black_gc, 13, 52, 268, 52);for(i = 0; i style-black_gc, 264, 52 - 10 * i, 268, 52 - 10 * i);for(i = 59; i 0; i-) gdk_draw_line(pixmap1, drawing_area1-style-black_gc, a, 52 - memi, a - 4, 52 - memi - 1);a -= 4;gtk_widget_queue_draw(drawing_area1);return true;void draw_cpu_userate() char temp10, cpu_userate10 = cpu:;int i;float cpu_userate_num;cpu_userate_num = (sys_parameter-now_cpu_use_time - sys_parameter-pre_cpu_use_time) / (sys_parameter-now_cpu_total_time - sys_parameter-pre_cpu_total_time) * 100;/得到cpu使用率的百分比for(i = 0; i pre_cpu_use_time = sys_parameter-now_cpu_use_time;sys_parameter-pre_cpu_total_time = sys_parameter-now_cpu_total_time;void draw_mem_userate() char temp10, mem_userate10 = mem:;int i;float mem_userate_num;mem_userate_num = sys_parameter-mem_userate * 100; /得到内存使用率的百分比for(i = 0; i 59; i+) memi = memi + 1;mem59 = (int)(mem_userate_num / 2);gcvt(mem_userate_num, 4, temp); /将百分比以字符串形式暂存for(i = 0; i tm_hour);sprintf(temp,%d,p-tm_min);strcat(buf,:);strcat(buf,temp);sprintf(temp,%d,p-tm_sec);strcat(buf,:);strcat(buf,temp);gtk_label_set_text(gtk_label(time_label),buf);return 1;void draw_pro_num()char *s;sprintf(s,%d,pro_num);gtk_label_set_text(gtklabel *)pro_num_label,s);/时间回调函数，更新任务管理器中的动态信息gboolean deal_timeout() /更新动态的系统参数get_dynamic_syspara();/刷新界面上系统持续运行时间draw_keep_time();/刷新界面上cpu使用率draw_cpu_userate();/刷新界面上内存使用率draw_mem_userate();/根据设置刷新进程信息if(is_fresh = 1) fresh_time += fresh_level;if(fresh_time = 20) get_process_stat();fresh_time = 0;return true; void make_frame(char * name, int f_width, int f_heigh