蓄电池相关外文翻译.docx

中英文翻译英文资料a basic knowledge of lead-acid batteries (a), the basic concepts of 1, the basic definition of energy can be changed in various forms of energy, one of them, the chemical energy into electrical energy conversion device called chemical batteries, the general referred to as batteries, battery cells and batteries are the original division. discharge can not be used after the manner of charging the internal regeneration of active substances called primary cells, also known as a one-time battery. can be used after discharge rechargeable internal activity of the establishment of renewable material, the energy stored as chemical energy, the need to discharge the chemical energy to electrical energy is converted to the battery, called the battery, also known as secondary batteries.(b), lead-acid batteries 1, the definition of lead-acid battery is a battery, the main feature is the use of dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte to do with lead dioxide and lead, respectively, velvet-like cells as a positive and negative battery acid. 2, classification battery plate according to the types of structure: there is the formation of style, painted cream and tubular batteries.by the battery cover and the types of structure: there are open-type, exhaust type, anti-acid-type explosion-proof and sealed valve-regulated batteries. battery maintenance mode by category: a general-type, low maintenance type, maintenance-free battery. in accordance with the provisions of the relevant standard of chinas battery products mainly include: starting batteries: mainly used in automobiles, tractors, ships, such as diesel engine start-up and lighting. fixed-type batteries: mainly used in telecommunications, power plants, computer systems as a means of protection, automatic control of the standby power. traction-type batteries: batteries mainly used in a variety of vehicles, forklifts, lift trucks, such as dynamic power. railway battery: mainly used in railway locomotives, electric locomotives, passenger cars starting, lighting of the driving force. motorcycle batteries: motorcycle main specifications for a variety of start-up and lighting. mine used batteries: mainly used for electric locomotive traction power supply. battery energy storage: mainly used in wind power, hydro-electric power energy storage. 3, the basic structure: lead-acid batteries are generated mainly by the following components: 1, hard-rubber trough 2, anode plate 3, cathode plates 4, partition 5, saddle 6, bus 7, rubber seal 8, the battery slot cover 9, to connect 10 most column 11, the exhaust bolt positive and negative electrode plate lead-acid batteries, according to chemical structure and method of active substances can be divided into four categories: style pasted plate, tubular plate, into a plate-type, semi-chemical-type plate. paste-type electrode coated by the grid and active material composition. grid to support the role of active substances and conduction current, so that uniform current distribution. material grid of lead-antimony alloys in general, the use of maintenance-free lead-calcium alloy batteries. cathode active material mainly composed of lead dioxide, the main components of cathode active material for the velvet-like lead. partition battery separators are microporous rubber, fiberglass and other materials, its main role is to: positive and negative electrode to prevent short-circuit; to enable the smooth passage of the electrolyte anion chiang kai-shek. slow positive and negative electrode active material of the loss, positive and negative plates to prevent damage due to vibration. electrolyte battery electrolyte is an important part of its role is to conduction current and to participate in electrochemical reaction by concentrated sulfuric acid electrolyte and purified water (deionized water) from the preparation, the purity and density of the electrolyte of the battery capacity and life expectancy have had a significant impact. battery shell, covered battery shells, cover the positive and negative electrode and electrolyte loading of containers, generally made of plastic and rubber materials. exhaust bolt exhaust bolt generally made of plastic material, the role of the battery from sealed to prevent air entry, to prevent electrode oxidation. at the same time, the battery can be recharged when the gas produced from the battery to avoid dangerous batteries. before use: the need to bolt on the exhaust of the blind hole pierced with wire in order to ensure smooth gas overflow.second, the use of battery electric vehicles and maintenance (a), batteries installed battery generally used in series, that is, the cathode of a battery with one battery connected to the anode, all the batteries together, and finally the remaining positive and negative terminals with the wiring connected to the corresponding electric vehicles, electric vehicle motor, controller, instruments such as the electricity load is a battery. battery electric vehicles are generally box, from the installation location divided slash-style, after the plug and the chassis-mounted, the shape of its structure can be varied. each depot has its own electrical characteristics. figure battery box generally made with engineering plastics, and its strength is better, lighter weight, ease of installation. general by the end of the battery box tank, roof, and charge the battery contact point socket, trams, etc. lock. trough and fastens at the end of the superstructure, and self-tapping fastening screws or bolts. battery battery box is based on the design of model specification, the design should be considered in the whole of its good heat dissipation. (b), the rechargeable battery battery is not bad but bad charge, this is not alarmist talk, the performance of good and bad battery life of the battery and use play a decisive role in performance, attention must be given. 1, the battery charging process on the requirements rechargeable battery technology for understanding the basic requirements is to analyze the basis of charging technology. rechargeable batteries of the basic requirements are: the charge current should be less than or equal to the battery charge current can be received. otherwise, the current surplus would electrolyte consumed too quickly, resulting in the following hazards: increased battery water loss, increased the maintenance workload for the maintenance-free batteries, can cause early battery failure; produce mist, resulting in environmental pollution, health hazards to workers; so charging efficiency, resulting in a serious waste of energy. charging process of electrochemical reaction is the discharge process of the reverse reaction, if the charging process of electrochemical reaction in an ideal state, and this process should be complementary to each reverse reaction, that is filled with the release of the power of electricity should be basically the same. however, in a serious state of gas, the effective charge of the electrochemical reaction process power consumption of less than 40% of the total electricity consumption, that is a waste of energy more than 60%. gathered gases within porous electrode in the battery to reduce the electrolyte and the porous electrode contact area, that is, the electrochemical reaction of the interface charge is drastically reduced, so that the speed of chemical reactions reduce the charge, the charge is very difficult to extend the charging time. gas will be serious damage to the battery: a large number of gases have on the plate were washed active role of the active substance soft and easy to fall off. polarization at the higher voltage, the positive plate grid of serious corrosion, generation of pb02, such structures and electrochemical corrosion pb02 survival is completely different, which is not reversible oxide, conductive poor and grid deformation, brittle fracture, the loss of the role of skeleton and conductivity. should be in charge to prevent over charge as much as possible. rechargeable long-term lack of response to the active substance did not produce irreversible positive large granular high pbs04 grain (that is, irreversible sulfation) to decrease battery capacity, internal resistance to increase, charging more difficult, resulting in early damage to the battery. therefore, as far as possible to ensure sufficient battery power to prevent irreversible sulfation. 2, the frequency of the choice of charging battery life cycle of the depth of the impact of large changes in the basic exponentially. this is because the positive active material for pb02, the combination of fastness is not high, discharge time and charge into pbs04 into pbo2, and pbso4 size larger than pbo2 (the volume ratio of about 2: 1). therefore, the positive plate, the actives will be repeated contraction expansion to the connection between the particles gradually fell off, so that the loss of battery discharge characteristics actives become anode mud so that the battery performance until the end of life. deeper depth of discharge, the greater the amount of expansion contraction of activity in the greater destruction of binding force, the shorter life expectancy; the other hand is the longer cycle life. in theory the battery should be avoided as far as possible the use of deep discharge, shall be sufficient ground shallow place, provided there is a special match with the matching charger. however, in actual use, due to battery performance and battery by the charger itself and the discrete charge and the charge used to the speed of the impact of higher than the voltage charger, charging more or less existed. in particular, the majority charge at night, generally in 6-10 hours, with an average of about eight hours, if shallow discharge, the charge will soon reach the end of the efficiency of this low charge will result in charge-off. have relatively long charging time, coupled with frequent charging, battery life would be a greater impact because of charge. according to the charging requirements of the best on the actual situation, it is necessary to refer to normal operating frequency, length, the storage battery factory provided, as well as supporting the development of charger performance parameters such as frequency of charge. by the vast majority of users, in order to discharge the battery depth of 50% -70% of an electric charge the best, so that battery life for the best results. actual use can be converted to mileage riding in an electric charge when necessary. 3, the effects of temperature on the charge season run at a high temperature battery, the main problem of the existence of charge-off. battery when the temperature increased, the increase in the activity of active substances, positive potential of a decline in oxygen evolution, oxygen evolution anode potential also decreased (negative decrease), so charging rechargeable fast response time, charge current, and charging needs lower the charge voltage. in order to prevent excessive charge voltage, battery temperature should be kept as low as possible to ensure good heat dissipation, to prevent charging in the hot sun after exposure and should be far away from the heat source. batteries at low temperatures, the lower the activity of the active substance, which dissolved electrode becomes difficult, after the charge consumed when it is difficult to be added pb, the charge current significant drop in positive plate at -20 in the charge acceptance of current only 70% at room temperature, and the negative effects of charging by the expansion agent, the ability to accept a lower charge temperature -20 to accept the charge current of only 40% of room temperature. therefore, the main charge under the conditions of low-temperature charge acceptance of the existence of poor, the problem of insufficient charge, request for increasing the charge voltage and charge time extended. should be to improve the low temperature performance of the main negative start. low-temperature thermal insulation used antifreeze measures to be taken, in particular charge should be placed on a warm environment, conducive to guarantee sufficient power to prevent the emergence of irreversible sulfate, extended battery life. storage and use of batteries during charging can be activated periodically, the so-called balance charge, this battery to prevent irreversible sulfation very good for a very good battery life, it is worth advocating.third, note the use of batteries 1, to prevent over discharge battery voltage after the termination of discharge to continue to discharge as the discharge-off. will have serious damage to the battery discharge, the electrical performance of the battery cycle life and severely disadvantaged. battery discharge voltage to the termination of the internal resistance of a larger concentration of electrolyte is very thin, especially the plate hole and the surface almost at neutral, had fever resistance discharge orientation, volume expansion, a larger discharge current, the apparent heat (or even develop fever deformation), then sulfuric acid concentration of lead in particular, and the existence of branches increased the possibility of short-circuit crystal moreover at this time will be the crystallization of lead sulfate to form bigger particles, namely, the irreversible formation of sulfate, and will further increase the resistance , the charge to restore the capacity of the poor, and even beyond repair. should have been used to prevent battery discharge, the under-voltage protection is a very effective measure. in addition, electric vehicles as a result of under-voltage protection is controlled by the controller, but the controller other than the voltage of some equipment such as tables, lights and other electrical power consumption is directly powered by the battery, the power supply in general is not controller, the electric lock (switch) in the event of power began to close. while the current small, but if the discharge time (1-2 weeks) will discharge occurred. therefore, the lock may not be a long time, do not have to be switched off immediately. 2, to prevent over charging in front of charging has been described to lead rechargeable batteries will increase the water loss will be accelerated grid corrosion and active material softening, the deformation will increase the chance of battery. should try to avoid the occurrence of charge-off; choose battery charger parameters with a good match, it is necessary to fully understand the seasons in high-temperature battery operation, as well as during the whole life changes. do not use the battery when placed in the overheated environment, especially the charge should be away from sources of heat. after heating the battery to take measures to cool down until the temperature returned to normal when the battery can be charged. batteries should be installed to ensure good heat dissipation, overheating should be found to stop charging, and battery chargers to deal with the inspection. shallow depth of battery discharge or high ambient temperature should be to shorten the charging time. 3, to prevent short-circuit state in the short-circuit the battery, the short-circuit current of up to several hundred amperes. exposure to short-circuit the more firmly, the greater the short-circuit current, so all connections will have a lot of heat in part, in the weak link in greater heat will fuse junction, resulting in short-circuit phenomenon. local batteries can be explosive gases may be generated (or stoed charge can be set when the gas explosion), in connection sparks when the fuse will cause battery explosion; if the battery or short circuit current is not particularly large, you may not be caused by connecting department fuse, but there will be a short circuit overheating will damage the adhesive around the article to connect to leakage and other problems left behind. therefore, short-circuit the battery must not have the installation or use should be particularly careful in the use of tools insulation measures should be taken, the connection should be other than the first electrical battery connected, and after inspection without short-circuit, and finally connected to the battery, wiring norms should be well insulated to prevent the overlap arising from the breakdown pressure. 4, to prevent the connected loose and unsound if contact is not strong, a lesser extent, conductivity bad will happen to the site contact line fever, loss of a larger circuit, the output voltage is low, the impact of electric power, so that mileage can not be reduced or normal riding; if components in the terminal block contact is not strong (the vast majority of failures in the joints and connection terminal site), a large number of terminals will be fever, the impact of terminal and sealant combination of leakage can occur over time, acid-climbing phenomenon. if in a moving process or charge arising in the course of contact is not strong, may have a circuit, circuit will have a strong spark, may point to an internal battery explosion explosive gases (in particular, just the wires for the battery charge because the battery can be explosive gas more, and enough battery power, open circuit when the spark than the strong possibility of an explosion quite large.) electric vehicles in the run-time have to bear more strongly the vibration, therefore, to deal with the reliability of all connections examination with connectors should be self-locking feature to prevent vibration and when driving off-chip with the battery cable connections should be take the connector, and solder to solder in prison, the application of connector crimping and connection means (can also be press-fit again after the solder used to