地铁相关外文翻译--地铁运营事故分析及其对策研究.docx

metro operation accident analysis and countermeasuresli wei-wei tang zhen-min，prof(school of trafic&transportation。beijing jiaotong universityclassification and code of disciplines：6205020abstract on the subway home and abroad in recent years the incident based on the analysis, the author affect the safe operation of the mtr of persons, vehicles, track, power supply, signal, and social disasters, the main reasons were discussed; light of these reasons put forward some preventive measures prior to the incident, as well as treatment measures after the accident; highlight the people-oriented big security concept put forward people - cars - track - safety management and safe operation of the system and the emergency rescue system, a combination approach. and implementation of these measures will reduce the realization of subway accidents caused by the accident and reduce casualties and property losses.keywords: metro; accidents; impact factor; safety measures1 introductionmetro is an important component of urban public transport is one of the importance of safety goes without saying that the mtr. in recent years, the worlds subway accidents continue to occur, chinas beijing, shanghai, guangzhou and other cities have undergone a lot of subway accident. therefore, the analysis of factors affecting the accident subway operators to develop countermeasures to prevent accidents and sudden accident relief measures for improving the safety of subway operation status, to prevent accidents and reduce accident losses are of great significance.2 metro operation accident analysismetro operational safety involves not only people - vehicles - rail and other system factors, but also by the social environment and train-related equipment (signal system, power supply systems) and other factors. metro home and abroad in recent years, the analysis of accident statistics shows that: people, vehicles, track, power supply, signals and social disasters such as major factors for railway accidents.2.1 the human factorsfrom 2002 and 2003 on the shanghai metro, on the 2nd line of the classification of accident statistics show that: general accident was mainly due to failure to comply with the safety of passengerstravelrules, and risk of accidents due to negligence caused by staff responsibilities. human factors is the main reason for the accident zhaozhi metro, including:(1) crowded. for example, in 2001 the evening of december 4, beijing subway line a woman waiting on the platform at the station, when the truck entering the site, they were crowded under the flow of people crowded the site, on the spot by the train crushed to death. in another example, in may 1999 in belarus, but also because of mass transit railway station staff too much, confusion and crowded, leading to 54 passengers were crushed to death events.(2) accidentally and deliberately jump off the track of people. for a long time, because workers who jump subway tracks subway train delays caused by the repeated occurrence of the event, short of a minute or two, or as long as 35 minutes. the subway train as soon affected, not punctuality driving, is bound to affect the overall situation across the board would need to be adjusted. affects not only the parties to the passengers on the train, but also the whole route or other passenger rail lines on the road may be delayed.(3) staff treatment measures shall not be treated. for example, the south korean city of daegu subway fire in 2003 that the market, subway drivers and an integrated control center personnel to the disaster has not shirk the responsibility. fire in front of the station has already occurred, and the other is still a train, no. 1080 into the smoke-filled site, the station has power, the train can not be the case of driving, the driver did not take any decisive measures to evacuate the passengers, but the door closed, and still ask for instructions how to deal with scheduling. even more incredible is that in 5 minutes after the accident, the scheduler has the gall to issue to allow the 1080 car for the starting instructions.2.2 vehicle factors(1) results in metro train accident in the derailment of the main factors. for example, the london subway, at the january 25, 2003, a hung eight cars of the central line subway train passing through central london in a subway station, derailed and hit the tunnel wall, the last three cars crashed into the platform , 32 passengers suffered minor injuries. in the same year in september, a slow-moving subway train derailed at kings cross subway station, and lead to subway outages for several hours. another example, in march 2000 occurred in hibiya line subway train derailment accident, resulting in 3 dead 44 injured in the tragedy. again, the united states in june 2000 took place with the subway train derailment accident, when 89 passengers were injured.(2) there are factors other vehicles. for example, the march 20, 2003, the shanghai metro line automatically unlock the gate delay hook failure, outage more than 1 hours. in another example, april 4, 2002, the shanghai metro line doors could not be opened due to mechanical failure, outages half an hour.2.3 orbital elementsmay 22, 2001, shihlin, taipei danshui line subway station near the rail cracks occur, the mtr was forced to slow down, and instead manually driving, 10 million passengers to go to work blocked.地铁运营事故分析及其对策研究 摘要在对近年来国内外地铁发生的事故分析的基础上，笔者对影响地铁安全运营的人、车辆、轨道、供电、信号以及社会灾害等主要原因进行了探讨；针对这些原因提出了一些事故发生前的预防对策以及事故发生后的处理措施；突出强调了“以人为本”的大安全观，提出“人车轨道安全管理”的安全运营系统及应急救援体系相结合的对策。这些对策和实施的实现将会减少地铁事故的发生和降低事故造成的人员伤亡及财产损失。关键词地铁；事故；影响因素；安全对策1引言地铁是城市公共交通重要组成部分之一，地铁安全的重要性不言而喻。近年来全球地铁事故不断发生，我国的北京、上海、广州等城市地铁先后发生不少事故。因此，分析地铁运营事故的影响因素，制定预防事故相关对策以及突发事故后的救援措施，对于改善地铁运营的安全现状，预防事故和降低事故损失都具有十分重要的意义。2地铁运营事故分析地铁运营安全不仅涉及人车辆轨道等系统因素，还受到社会环境和列车运行相关设备(信号系统、供电系统)等因素的影响。近年来国内外地铁事故统计的分析表明：人、车辆、轨道、供电、信号及社会灾害等是地铁事故的主要因素。21人员因素从2002年和2003年对上海地铁一、二号线发生事故的分类统计表明：一般性事故主要是因乘客未遵守安全乘车规则，而险性事故多是由于工作人员职责疏忽引发的。人员因素是肇致地铁事故的主要原因，其中包括：(1)拥挤。例如，2001年12月4日晚，北京地铁一号线一名女子在站台上候车，当车驶入站台时，被拥挤人流挤下站台，当场被列车压死。又如，1999年5月在白俄罗斯，也因地铁车站人员过多，混乱而拥挤，导致54名乘客被踩死事件(管理学/基本理论论文 /)。(2)不慎落人和故意跳人轨道。长期以来，因人员跳人地铁轨