2017届高三短文改错提分专练.docx

2017届高三短文改错提分专练结合新课标1对短文改错考察难度，考察语法点，精讲细练。精选山东省各地市、名校高考模拟题，高质量、高起点、高成效提高英语短文改错做题能力。【2016高考真题感悟】真题定方向（2016课标1）第四部分 写作 (共两节 满分 35分)第一节 短文改错 (共10小题：每小题1分，满分10 分)命题分析：本部分考查考生在理解短文的基础上发现并纠正包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等类型错误的能力。考查考生依据上下文正确使用动词、连词、形容词与副词、名词、代词、介词、冠词等项目的能力。假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 ()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线 ()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者 (从第11处起)不计分。My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that(where)I live. Though not very big, but(删除)the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had（have）to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest(honesty). Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or(and)high quality oil are using(used)for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams(加of) becoming rich in the(a)short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our(his)business will grow steady(steadily).短文分析：文章以第一人称视角讲述了叔叔的餐馆很受欢迎，每天门庭若市。叔叔成功的秘诀就是诚信经营，使用高品质食材，稳健发展，从不幻想一夜暴富。作者用叔叔成功的例子，呼唤诚信经营、脚踏实地。试题分析：第一处：考查宾语从句。从句缺地点状语。第二处：考查连词。though与but不可连用。第三处：考查时态。通过上句可知描述的是现在。第四处：考查名词。成功的秘诀是“诚信”，不应是“诚信的”。第五处：考查连词。新鲜蔬菜和高品质油都要使用，而非二者选择其一。第六处：考查语态。新鲜食材是被用来烹饪的。第七处：考查短语中的介词。dream of梦想。第八处：考查冠词。在一段很短的时间内，而非特定的那段时间。第九处：考查代词。叔叔希望“他”的生意稳中发展，而非“我们”的生意。第十处：考查副词。grow此处为不及物动词，表示发展，后面应加副词作状语。备考建议：短文改错是整张卷得分率最低的题型。在备考时，应循序渐进，先扎实基本语言知识，然后从单句训练开始，从单一错误类型开始，逐渐过渡到语篇。改错属于输出，前提还是输入，所以合适文本的精读训练是必要的。语法的备考复习应精析、勤练、常复现，贯穿始终并不难。短文改错，我把有错的地方给大家圈一下，稍微题比较难的地方。to后面不能这这个that。这个地方去掉，因为它是一个主句，but去掉。这个地方，因为时态的关系，这个地方去掉。or这个地方要改，被使用，形容时间，注意人称的代换，steady，后面应该加ing形式。短文改错总体跟大家评一下。语法填空和短文讲的很快，因为前面讲的比较多。这个难度整体来说难度为七分，因为有些小孩习惯性把这个文章读懂再做，不一定能读懂，里面有一些是困难的。刚刚我看到这个句子比较长的，这句话相对来说比较难，偏难的。所以说有很多的东西，包括看不明白的。所以比较难的。这个难度系数为6分，因为最难的一些考察并没有出来，固定搭配这些，考察的都是相对来说比较简单的一些东西。【老司机经验谈】短文改错是有一定的规律可循的，纵观近几年的高考试题及我们平常的模拟考试，可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误。1. 形容词与副词的误用。如exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。2. 名词的单复数误用。如在several，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。3. 代词的误用。如you与your，its与its，it与they或them，one与ones，宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等的误用。4. 介词的误用、缺少或多余。常见的如in 与on，to与for，instead与instead of，because与because of等的误用。5. 时态的错误。看一篇文章，要有一种大局观，要上前下挂，看看上下文的时态是否一致。6. 连词的误用。如or与and的误用，and与but的误用，so与but的误用，because或since与so连用，though与but连用等。7. 第三人称单数后的动词形式。8. 一些固定结构的误用。如so.that被误用作very.that，too.to被误用very.to，as.as被误作so.as等。9. 定语从句中，which，that，when，where等混淆不清。10. 一些常用词，如what与how，except与besides，any与some以及它们的合成词如any-thing与something，anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。【讲解篇1】高分口诀，老司机高能为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。本文拟从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。 短文改错口诀： 动词形，名词数； 注意形和副； 非谓动词细辨别； 习惯用法要记住； 句子成分多分析； 逻辑错误须关注。 一、动词形 主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如： My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. （is） Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. （are） 上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。 二、名词数 指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如： so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. （subjects） 三、 区分形和副 及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如： Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. （wonderful） Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. （Unfortunately） 需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。 四、非谓动词细辨别 这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如： in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. （interested） Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also （playing） My parents love me and will do all they can make sure （to） 上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。 五、习惯用法要记住 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如： It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and （of） We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. （of） 六、句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如： They eager to know everything about China and （were） I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. （which）第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。七、逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如： The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. （their） First, let me tell you something more about myself. （去掉more） no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. （everyone） 上述第一例中的主语是Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用 everyone。 除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如： She was smiling but nodding at me. （and） It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. （or） We may be one family and live under a same roof. （the） 下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做，然后参阅题后的答案与简析。 Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows，its famous 76. _ Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _ Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _ the mountain，the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _ climbed the mountain，we ed monkeys，visiting temples 80. _ and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._ since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _ Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _ of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _ good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _ head touched the pillow. 答案与简析： 76. famous前加上a.（名词数） 77. 正确 78. we前面加when，引导一个时间状语从句。（句子成分多分析） 79. themus （逻辑错误须关注） 80. visitingvisited（非谓动词细辨别） 81. picturepictures（名词数） 82. passespassed（动词形） 83. 去掉down（习惯用法要记住） 84. andbut（but，and，or和so） 85. 去掉at（句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住） 改错要想拿高分 语法口诀要记牢 （一）见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语 见到名词想多数，可不可数要记牢 见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称 见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理 带宾语必带to，不带宾语不带 to 小小of常抓的点，of前名词adj最高级 比较级不修饰比较级,最高级不修饰最高级 （二）谓与非谓经常混 谓语句中就一个 其余动词非谓语 常见形式有三种 v-ing ,v-ed和to do 主谓通常v-ing 动宾通常v-ed 现在分词表主动 过去分词表被动 目的要用不定式 by前有过去分词相拥 by后有动名词后抱 介词后跟动名词 时态基点要搞清 现在还是过去时【讲解篇2】高考模拟，一网打尽真题单句归纳(形容词与副词)(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. (frightening 改为 frightened，因它表示某人感到害怕，而不是令人害怕) (全国卷)(2) Charles said, “As soon as I see a realy tall building, I want to climb it. (realy 改为 really 或 real，若改为 really，则修饰 tall;若改为 real，则修饰 building) (全国卷)(3) Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York. (taller 改为 tallest，因从含义上看此处应是最高级) (全国卷)(4) As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. (去掉 more，因为 longer 本身已是比较级，不能再受 more 修饰) (全国卷)(5) Therefore, there are still some countries where people have shorter lives. (Therefore 改为 However，因此处语意转折) (全国卷)(6) People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago. (so long as 改为 as long as，其意为“与一样长”) (全国卷)(7) In some places you may borrow many books as you want. (many 之前加 as，因as . as 结构不完整) (全国卷)(8) I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends here that a great time I had. (that 改为 what) (全国卷)(9) I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. (去掉 much，因 much 不能用来修饰形容词的原级，尽管它可用来修饰比较级和最高级) (全国卷)(10) Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully 改为 wonderful，因它是放在名词前作定语) (全国卷)(11) First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉 more，因从上下文看，这是第一次给对方写信，不存在谈谈“更多情况”的问题) (全国卷)(12) I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting 改为 interested，be interested in 意为“对感兴趣”) (全国卷)(13) Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. (important 改为 importance，teach 后可接名词或代词作宾语，但不接形容词作宾语) (全国卷)(14) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate 改为 Unfortunately，因此处要求用副词作状语) (全国卷)(15) I think I liked those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works. (what 改为 how，how 在此表示方式) (北京春季卷)(16) After learning the basics of the subject,nothing else seemed very practically to me. (practically 改为 practical，此处用形容词作表语) (北京春季卷)(17) Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. (去掉 often，因句中的whenever 与 often 意义重复) (全国卷)(18) What things are in other homes, I wonder. (What 改为 How，句意为“不知其他家庭的情况是怎样的”) (全国卷)(19) For instance, one night he played strong and loudly music till four oclock in the morning. (loudly 改为 loud，与 strong 并列作定语，修饰 music) (北京春季卷)(20) But he is difference now. (difference改为different，即用形容词作表语) (北京春季卷)(21) The time passes quickly. Evening came down. (去掉 down，要表示“夜幕来临”，直接说 Evening came 即可) (全国卷)(22) although radios can be very noise. (noise 改为 noisy，即用形容词作表语) (北京春季卷)(23) all planned and written by grown-ups to make children want things that they dont real need. (real 改为 really，修饰动词要用副词) (北京春季卷)(24) But one of the best players in our team told me just then that he wouldnt play basketball any more. (then 改为 now，just now 为习语，意为“刚才”) (安徽春季卷)(25) But one of the best players in our team told me just now that he wouldnt play basketball once more. (once 改为 any，not any more为习语，意为“不再”) (安徽春季卷)(26) I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (quietly 改为quiet，and连接并列成分quite和shy) (全国卷)(27) Finding information on the Net is easily. (easily改为easy，作表语要用形容词) (年广西卷)(28) Yes, a concert can be very excited. (excited改为exciting，表示某事物是“令人兴奋的”用exciting;表示某人“感到兴奋”才用excited) (四川卷)(30) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun. (interested 改为 interesting，指某事物是“令人有趣的”，用interesting，表示某人“对感兴趣”时，用interested) (浙江卷)(31) She called 119 immediate. (immediate改为immediately，用作状语，要用副词) (福建卷)(32) However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. (helplessly改为helpless，在系动词felt后作表语，要用形容词) (年天津卷)模拟单句演练：(1) Ill try to be more carefully next time.(2) China is much more bigger than the United States.(3) There are few boys than girls in our class.(4) He says that skiing is much exciting than skating.(5) The more money you make, the most you spend.(6) He found someone was following her, so she felt frightening.(7) It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yourself.(8) In fact, we finished the work without any difficult.(9) Look at the asleep boy. How lovely!(10) The fish tastes well; why not have a try?(11) Last week was very rain. I didnt go out the whole week.(12) The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.(13) I promise to return back before 10.(14) The book contains much use information. Its well worth reading.(15) This is quite far the mostly expensive bicycle in the shop.(16) The workers warm welcomed us at their offices.(17) Oh, its simply wonderfully to see you here!(18) She is in more health now than she was last year.【参考答案】(1) carefully 改为 careful，用形容词作表语。(2) 去掉more，more 不能修饰比较级。(3) few 改为 fewer，注意句中的 than。(4) 将 much 改为 more，或在 much 后加more，此句涉及 skiing 与 skating 的比较。(5) most 改为 more，the morethe more 意为“越越”。(6) frightening 改为 frightened，frightening表示“令人害怕的”、“恐怖的”;frightened表示“感到害怕的”。(7) real 改为 really，修饰形容词用 really，不用 real。(8) difficult 改为 difficulty，用名词形式作介词 without 的宾语。(9) asleep 改为 sleeping, asleep 为表语形容词，不用于名词前作定语。(10) well 改为 good, nice 等，taste 在此为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。(11) rain 改为 rainy，此处用形容词作表语。(12) 去掉 down，因 set 相当于 go down，本身就包括了 down。(13) 去掉 back，或将 return 改为 come / be。因 return 相当于 come back 或 be back。(14) use 改为 useful，用形容词作定语修饰名词。(from )(15) mostly 改为 most，most 在此用于构成最高级。(16) warm 改为 warmly，修饰动词要用副词，不用形容词。(17) wonderfully 改为 wonderful，用形容词作表语。(18) more 改为 better，为 in good health 的比较级形式。真题单句归纳(时态)(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop(stop改为stopped) (全国卷)(2) and had returned to the car! Bill is standing at the side of the car (is 改为 was) (全国卷)(3) Two months ago they were back in America. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the(hurry 改为 hurried) (全国卷)(4) Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (第二个is 改为 was) (全国卷)(5) Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases. (had 改为 have) (全国卷)(6) Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (cost 改为 costs) (全国卷)(7) If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you. (去掉 will) (全国卷)(8) I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again. (is 改为 was) (全国卷)(9) They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together. (have 改为 had) (全国卷)(10) I learn about you from my English teacher, Miss Fang. (learn 改为learned) (全国卷)(11) My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. (was 改为 is) (全国卷)(12) I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing and there was no way of settling the matter except by selling the set. (am 改为 was) (全国卷)(13) Id like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. It is a very (had 改为have) (北京春)(14) I remembered her words and calm down. (calm改为calmed)(全国卷)(15) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to (did 改为 do) (全国卷)(16) He said he is busy. (is 改为 was) (北京春)(17) On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. (passes 改为 passed) (全国卷)(18) But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. (was 改为 is) (安徽卷)(19) At once I apologize and controlled myseff at my best till the dinner started.(apologize改为 apologized) (江苏卷)(20) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. (talked改为 talk) (全国卷)(21) She stopped to look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbors house. (find改为 found) (福建卷)(22) We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. (treat改为 treated) (天津卷)(23 I am always young when I was staying with them. (am改为 was) (湖北卷)模拟单句演练：(1) Just now Jim tells me his mother was ill.(2) I phone the other students a moment ago.(3) We often played together when we are children.(4) What are you doing when I called you?(5) I see you in the park. You were talking to a pretty girl.(6) She doesnt hear the doorbell, for she was watching TV.(7) Well stay at home playing cards if it will rain tomorrow.(8) Please let me know if you will have any trouble.(9) He hurt his back when he is playing football with his classmates.(10) Ill write to him when I finished the book.(11) Charles worked hard since leaving school.(12) In fact, I am very thin when I was young.(13) He is kind to me. Although he is very busy, he still came to see me.(14) How long have you been here? How did you like our city?(15) As is known to us all, the earth turned around the sun.(16) Im interested in English, so I spoke it better than the others do.(17) Dont worry about it. I promise you I come to help you.(18) Now everything is dear. Even a small piece of bread cost one yuan.(19) Remember to turn off the lights before you will leave.(20) I forget to tell him the news. Shall we telephone him now?【参考答案】(1) tell 改为 told，因句中有表过去的时间状语just now(刚刚)。(2) phone 改为 phoned，因句中有表过去的时间状语a moment ago。(3) are 改为 were，因主句谓语为一般过去时。(4) are 改为 were，因从句谓语为一般过去时。(5) see 改为 saw，因下文用了 were talking。(6) doesnt 改为 didnt，因下文用了 was watching。(7) 去掉if从句中的 will，因条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义。(8) 去掉 will，因条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义。(9) is 改为 was，因主句中的hurt为一般过去时。(10) finished 改为finish，或在 finished 前加 have。即在时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来意义，但这里也可用现在完成时表示完成。(11) worked 前加has，句中的 since 表示“自从以来一直”，即表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间，故用现在完成时。(12) am 改为 was，根据从句中的一般过去时可知 am 应改为 was。(13) came 改为 comes，根据前面的两处一般现在时可知。(14) did 改为 do，根据前面的现在完成时可知“你”现在还在我们城市，故后面一句问的是“你”现在对我们城市的看法。(from )(15) turned 改为 turns。本句叙述的是客观真理，故用一般现在时。(16) spoke 改为 speak。全句叙述的是现在的情况。(17) come 前加 will，根据句意，此处应是将来时态。(18) cost 改为 costs，句子讲述的是现在的一般情况。(19) 去掉 will，时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义。(20) forget 改为 forgot，根据句意，此题的“忘记”应是指过去忘记。真题单句归纳(缺词考点)(1) When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head. (head 前加 his，汉语可“摇头”，而按英语的习惯要说 shake ones head) (全国卷)(2) When I have free time I go a long walk. (go 后加 for，go for a walk 是习语) (全国卷)(3) Charles said, “As soon I see a realy tall building, I want to climb it.(第一个I 前加 as，因为 as soon as 为引导时间状语从句的引导词)(全国卷)(4) Good health is persons most valuable possession. (persons 前加 a，这里的 a 表泛指) (全国卷)(5) The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. (improve前加 to，to improve为表目的的不定式短语) (全国卷)(6) There is public library in every town in Britain. (