2014年年职称英语综合类 A级真题及答案解析 标准版 考前必做.doc

| 20142014 年职称英语考试年职称英语考试 综合类综合类 a a 级级 真题及答案解析真题及答案解析 标准版标准版 王霞老师推荐：考生应该提前做几套往年的真题，一是熟王霞老师推荐：考生应该提前做几套往年的真题，一是熟 悉下题型、考试要点和试卷，二是测试下自己的水平，三是悉下题型、考试要点和试卷，二是测试下自己的水平，三是 锻炼下查字典的速度等。锻炼下查字典的速度等。 _ 1 第一部分：词汇选项 下面共有 15 个句子，每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线， 请从每个句子后面所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个与划线部分意义最相 近的词或短语。 1.there was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject. a.point b.tendency c.result d.finding 答案：b 解析：查词典。意思为“倾向“。 2.new secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity. a.amazing b.depressing c.predictable d.dull 答案：d 解析：注意：划线词所修饰的名词“规律，规律性“，判断划线词 为“单调的“ 3.the committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. a.furnish _ 2 b.copy c.publish d.summarize 答案：a 解析：利用词典，意思为“提供“。 4.the group does not advocate the use of violence. a.limit b.regulate c.oppose d.support 答案：d 解析：利用词典，意思为“提倡“。 5.the original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated. a.reproduced b.invented c.designed d.reported 答案：a 解析：划线词为教材词汇，对应的同义词应为“copy“，根据其意 思，选 a，为“再生产、再制造“。 6.the department deferred the decision for six months. a.put off _ 3 b.arrived at c.abode by d.protested against 答案：a 解析：划线词为教材词汇，对应的答案为教材词汇相同。 7.the symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. a.eased b.appeared c.improved d.relieved 答案：b 解析：利用词典，意思为“出现，显现“。 8.that uniform makes the guards look absurd. a.serious b.ridiculous c.beautiful d.impressive 答案：b 解析：答案 b 为教材词汇，利用词汇扩充可见划线词。意思是“ 可笑的，滑稽的“。 9.some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes. _ 4 a.silent b.motionless c.seated d.true 答案：b 解析：通过所给句子的语境，考虑 4 个选项意思，选定 b 为合适， 为“静止的，不动的“。 10.the country was torn apart by strife. a.poverty b.war c.conflict d.economy 答案：c 解析：该题有难度。查词典。词义“冲突“。 11.she felt that she had done her good deed for the day. a.act b.homework c.justice d.model 答案：a 解析：deed 为 do 的名词形式，所以只有 act 意思相符。 12.a persons wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness. _ 5 a.equal b.certain c.large d.opposite 答案：d 解析：“一个人的财富通常与其幸福成反比“，该句意思本身就是 提示。 13.his professional career spanned 16 years. a.sincere b.changed c.moved d.lasted 答案：d 解析：根据句子提示，16 年是一个时间段，只有 d 选项 last，表 示持续一段时间。 14.his stomach felt hollow with fear. a.sincere b.respectful c.terrible d.empty 答案：d 解析：完全同义词。“空的“ _ 6 15.this was disaster on a cosmic scale. a.modest b.huge c.commercial d.national 答案：b 解析：利用词典。“巨大的“。 第二部分：阅读判断 下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句 子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 a;如果该句提供 的是错误信息，请选择 b;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 c。 when our words collide “wanna buy a body?“ that was the opening line of more than a few phone calls i got from freelance(自由职业)photographers when i was a photo editor at u.s. news. like many in the mainstream press, i wanted to separate the world of photographers into “them“, who trade in picture of bodies or chase celebrities, and “us“, the serious news people. but after 16 years in that role. i came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable. working in the reputable world of journalism, i assigned photographers to cover other peoples nightmares. i justified invading _ 7 moments of grief, under the guise(借口) of the readers right to know. i didnt ask photographers to trespass(冒犯) or to stalk(跟踪), but i didnt have to: i worked with pros(同行) who did what others did: talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines to get pictures i was after. and i wasnt alone. in the aftermath of a car crash or some other hideous incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to capture the blood and gore(血雨腥风). but you are likely to see the local newspaper and television photographers on the scene - and fast. how can we justify our behavior? journalists are taught to separate doing the job from worrying about the consequence of publishing what they record. repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-business dictum(格言): leave your conscience in the office. you get the picture of the footage: the decision whether to print or air it comes later. a victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead: your job is to record the image. you put away your emotions and document the scene. we act this way partly because we know that the pictures can have important meaning. photographs can change deplorable(凄惨的) situations by mobilizing public outrage or increase public understanding. however, disastrous events often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors. in the first minutes and hours after a _ 8 disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. often an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and put it up for bid by major magazines. the most keenly sought “exclusives“ command tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests. many people believe that journalists need to change the way they do things, and its our pictures that annoy people the most. readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between sober-minded “us“ and sleazy(低级庸俗的) “them“. in too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right. 16. the writer never get an offer for a photograph of a dead person. a.right b.wrong c.not mentioned 答案：c 解析：如果你看不懂意思，则采用我们课堂上讲的方法：将该题 的黑体定位词放在一起在文章中查找，没有相关细节。 17. the writer was a photographer sixteen years ago. a.right b.wrong c.not mentioned 答案：b 解析：文章第一段中出现 after 16 years in that role，表示作者已经 _ 9 工作 16 年，而不是指 16 年前的事。该题为数字（时间）事实细节 辨认。 18. the writer believes that shooting peoples nightmares is justifiable. a.right b.wrong c.not mentioned 答案：b 解析：注意该题为一般现在时。将该题定位在第 2 段后发现，原 文是过去时。单凭这一点，该题为 b。当然，如果你能看懂整个文 章大意，从意思上从理解上也可以确定。 19. news photographers are usually a problem for rescue workers at an accident. a.right b.wrong c.not mentioned 答案：c 解析：在第 3 段可以找到定位词“in the aftermath of a car crash or some other hideous incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to capture the blood and gore(血雨腥风)“，但这些定位词放在一起所表达的意思不是题目 的意思。题目为“这些新闻摄影工作者在事故现场常常成为救援人员 _ 10 的问题。“，该内容在文中找不到。还记得课堂上讲的选项 c 的几种 情况：1。主语未提；2。宾语或其他成分未提；3。所表达的意思未 提。 20. journalists arent supposed to think about whether they are doing the right thing. a.right b.wrong c.not mentioned 答案：a 解析：该题为第四段的概括，为我们课堂上讲的 6 大测试点中最 难的一个。第四段通篇讲了作为一个记者，他的职业要求他应该怎 样去做，用一句话表示，就是我们题目所表达的“记者不应考虑他们 所做的事情是否合适“。 21. editors sometimes have to pay a lot of money for exclusive pictures. a.right b.wrong c.not mentioned 答案：a 解析：定位于第 6 段最后一句，为该句的同义改写。 22. many people say that they are annoyed by the u.s. news pictures. _ 11 a.right b.wrong c.not mentioned 答案：a 解析：见最后一段第 2 句。该题为原句的同义改写，为我们课堂 上讲的同义改写的一种：主动改被动。 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试，任务：(1)1-4 题 要求从所给的 4 个选项中为段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题;(2)第 5-8 题 要求从所给的 5 个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句 子。 the storyteller 1.steven spielberg has always had one goal: to tell as many great stories to as many people as will listen. and thats what he has always been about. the son of a computer scientist and a pianist, spielberg spent his early childhood in new jersey and, later, arizona. from the very beginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking. 2.even decades later, spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggest hits. he believes that e.t.is the result of the difficult years leading up to his parents 1966 divorce, “it is really about a young boy who was in search _ 12 of some stability in his life.“he was scared of just about everything,“ recalls his mother, leah adler.“when trees brushed against the house, he would head into my bed. and thats just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like poltergeist.“ 3.spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dads movie camera and began shooting short flicks about flying saucers and world war battles. spielbergs talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends. on boy scout camping trips, when night fell, spielberg became the center of attention.“steven would start telling his ghost stories,“ says richard y.hoffman jr., leader of troop 294, “and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear it.“ 4. spielberg moved to california with his father and went to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. both ucla and usc film schools rejected him, so he entered california state university at long beach because it was close to hollywood. spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non- credit internship(实习)in hollywood. soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. he never looked back. 5. now, many years later, spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent. ask him where he gets his ideas, spielberg shrugs.“the process for me is mostly intuitive (凭直觉的),“ he says.“there are films that i feel i need to make, for a variety of reasons, _ 13 for personal reasons, for reasons that i want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that i think my kids will like it. and sometimes i just think that it will make a lot of money, like the sequel(续集) to jurassic park.“ a.getting into the movie business b.inspirations for his movies c.an aim of life d.telling stories to make friends e.the trouble of making movies f.a funny man 23.paragraph 1_c_ 解析：aim=goal，利用了主题句中的 主题词的同义词做选项。 24.paragraph 2_b_ 解析：根据该段的第 1 句“even decades later, spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggest hits“，origin 根源、起因， 与 b 选项中的 inspiration（启示、启发）为近义词。另可参考第一段 的最后一句 “from the very beginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking“中的 inspire，可以判断得知。两句讲的是同一意思。 25.paragraph 3_d_解析：该段第一句很容易让人想到选 项 a，但实际上第 2 句才是主题句，因为之后的其余句子都是围绕 第 2 句讲述、举例的，即：spielberg 讲鬼的故事，大家都爱听，他 也成为大家的中心。 _ 14 26.paragraph 4_a_解析：该段没有主题句，但都讲述了 spielberg 的中学到大学的经历，一句接一句走向高潮，最终的结果 是他收到好来钨的签约合同，决定辍学，其中的含义即是“踏入影视 界“。该题为课堂讲的无主题段落。 a.making children laugh b.almost everything c.a lot of money d.his childhood memories e.telling scary stories f.a number of reasons 27.some of spielbergs most successful movies came from _d_解析：定位于第 2 段“even decades later, spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggest hits.“这里 biggest hits 即是 the most successful movies 的 同义表达，hit=successful event。d 选项中的 childhood=his earliest years. 28.when spielberg was a boy, he used to be scared of _b_解析：在第 2 段中描写了他童年的经历，其中“he was scared of just about everything“正是本题的答案提示。 29.spielberg is very good at _e_解析：第 3 段中的 “spielbergs talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends.“，talent for scary storytelling=be good at scary storytelling. _ 15 talent for =擅长于、在。 。方面有才能=good at(擅长于)。给出的前半 句利用了同义词替换。 30.spielberg says he makes movies for _f_解析：最后一段中 “there are films that i feel i need to make, for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, for reasons that i want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that i think my kids will like it. and sometimes i just think that it will make a lot of money, like the sequel(续集) to jurassic park.“讲 到了他拍摄电影出于很多种原因。所以，定位准确非常重要。 23.paragraph 1_c_ 解析：aim=goal，利用了主题句中的主题词的同义词做选项。 24.paragraph 2_b_ 解析：根据该段的第 1 句“even decades later， spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years， which are the origins of some of his biggest hits” ，origin 根源、起因，与 b 选项中的 inspiration（启示、启发）为近义词。另可参考第一段的最后一句 “from the very beginning， his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking”中的 inspire，可以判断得知。两句讲的是同一意思。 25.paragraph 3_d_ 解析：该段第一句很容易让人想到选项 a，但实际上第 2 句才是 主题句，因为之后的其余句子都是围绕第 2 句讲述、举例的，即： spielberg 讲鬼的故事，大家都爱听，他也成为大家的中心。 _ 16 26.paragraph 4_a_ 解析：该段没有主题句，但都讲述了 spielberg 的中学到大学的经 历，一句接一句走向高潮，最终的结果是他收到好来钨的签约合同， 决定辍学，其中的含义即是“踏入影视界” 。该题为课堂讲的无主题 段落。 27.some of spielbergs most successful movies came from _d_ 解析：定位于第 2 段“even decades later， spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years， which are the origins of some of his biggest hits.”这里 biggest hits 即是 the most successful movies 的 同义表达，hit=successful event.d 选项中的 childhood=his earliest years. 28.when spielberg was a boy， he used to be scared of _b_ 解析：在第 2 段中描写了他童年的经历，其中“he was scared of just about everything”正是本题的答案提示。 29.spielberg is very good at _e_ 解析：第 3 段中的“spielbergs talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends.” ，talent for scary storytelling=be good at scary storytelling. talent for =擅长于、在方面有才能=good at（擅长于） 。给出的前半句利用了同义词替换。 30.spielberg says he makes movies for _f_ 解析：最后一段中“there are films that i feel i need to make， for a variety of reasons， for personal reasons， for reasons that i want to have fun， that the subject matter is cool， that i think my kids will like _ 17 it. and sometimes i just think that it will make a lot of money， like the sequel（续集） to jurassic park.”讲到了他拍摄电影出于很多种原因。 所以，定位准确非常重要。 第四部分：阅读理解。 短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并 根据短文回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案涂在 答题卡相应的位置上。 第一篇 the national trust the national trust in britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the british countryside. although the trust has received practical and moral support from the government, it is not a rich government department. it is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of britain. it is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public. its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest. the attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and the castles of britain by the death of the lord lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it. this gift attracted wide publicity and started the trusts “country house scheme“. _ 18 under this scheme, with the help of the government and the general public, the trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about 150 of these old houses. last year, about 1.75 million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge. in addition to country houses and open spaces, the trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, 540 farms and nearly 2500 cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. in these villages no one is allowed to build, develop or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original 16th century style. over 4,000 acres of coastline , woodland, and hill country are protected by the trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. the public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife. over the past 80 years the trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life. it helps to preserve all that and of historical significance not only for future generations of britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage. 31. the national trust is a a. government agency depending on voluntary services. b. non-profit organization depending on voluntary services. _ 19 c. government department but is not rich. d. private organization supported by the government. 答案：b 解析：although the trust has received practical and moral support from the government, it is not a rich government department. it is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of britain. it is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public.根据相关描 述，排除了 a、c 和 d。 32. the national trust is dedicated to a. preserving the best public enjoyment. b. providing the public with free access to historic buildings. c. offering better services to visitors home and abroad. d. protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings. 答案：d 解析：根据第一段最后一句：its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest. d 选项用了划线部 分的同义词表达。 33. we can infer from paragraph 2 that lord lothian a. donated all his money to the trust. b. started the “country house scheme“. c. saved many old country houses in britain. 本题缺选项 _ 20 34. all the following can be inferred from the passage except a. the trust is more interested in protecting the 16th century houses. b. many people came to visit the historic houses saved by the trust. c. visitors c