中考英语 语法思维导图之十三 动词 人教新目标版.doc

动词系动词情态动助动词实义动系动词+表语情态动+动词原形助动词+动词原形独立充当谓语充当谓语系动词be动词“保持”“变化”感官动词be+adv.+adj“如何是”become,seem,turn,grow,get,keep,staylook,sound,taste,smell,feel常接形容词作表语主谓一致情态动词意思答语表示推测may答语:肯定certainly./sure./yes,you can.否定sorry, but you cant/mustnt“一定”must“必须” must i？yes, you must.no, you neednt/dont have to.“不得不” do i have to.? yes, you must. no, you neednt/dont have to.“需要”实义动词：not need to do sth. 情态动词：neednt do sth.would you like to do?答语“id like to” “id like to, but.”had better “最好(不)做某事”youd better do/youd better not do “可能”may,might,could“不可能”cant助动词狭义概念：“赠送的”扩展概念：“自带的”do,does,did凡谓语由两部分构成之前者句型操作及答语实义动词身份助动词身份/强调功能实义动词时态语态名称被动：be+done及物动词必须跟宾语不及物动词不直跟宾语谓动一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时do/doesdidbe+doingwas/were+doingwill+dowould+dohave/has+donehad+done一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时含情态动词选项有无被动只需考虑时态该而不:感官发生实现出版使役动词正常不带to被动则带意思需要时间，标志意思平时经常做某次过去做现在正在做过去正在做现在将要做过去将要做到现在已做到过去已做动词词形变化三单现在分词过去式、过去分词+ss,x,sh,ch,o+es辅+yi+es不规则+ing去e+ing双写+ingiey+ing+ed辅+yi+ed双写+ed不规则辅元辅，且重读，不忘双写尾字母（除组合外）时态判断所用时态时间一般现在时on sundays一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时ago, yesterday, last week, in 1989 now, these daysat this time yesterday, at that timetomorrow,this afternoon,next yearthe next dayso far,in the past years,since标志频率/真理/时间条件状从at the age of 5,just now,when+从look, listen与频度副词连用when+过in+时间段常用于宾从中already,yet,ever,never,before,for过去完成时by yesterday/then/the end ofwhen+过before+过，by+过完成时句中,与for,since,how long连用时,动词要用延续形式go to, come to be in/at leavebe away (from) arrivebe in/atdie be kead begin/startbe on end be overbuy have join be a member of/be in borrowkeep get marriedbe married make friends withbe friends withhave gone to“去了”人不在这里, have been to“去过”人在这里强调句型：it is +一段时间+since+过去时 “自以来，已经多长时间了”动词短语意思结构搭配动词+介词doing动词+副词be+adj.+介词宾语一律后置代宾中，名中后非谓语动词不定式to do现在分词doing过去分词done作主语作宾语作主语被视为单数作主语作表语作宾语作宾补作定语作状语宾从省略式常被形主it代替be+to do “是做”被形宾it代替省to不省要后置，省介否表目的，原因疑问词+to do判定:后有谓动be doing“正在做”have sth. done使被be done“被做”不定式作主语常被形式主语it代替，而把to do 置于句尾it is +adj./n.+(for sb./of sb.)+to do sth. it takes +sb. +st. +to do sth.后接to do的动词：like, ask, wish, hope, dare, offer, decide, help, long, learn, start, begin, agree, refuse, want, expect, promise, pretend, plan, manage, afford, prepare被形宾代替：think/find/make+ it+adj. +(for sb./of sb.)+to do sth.后接sb. to do的动词：force, teach, get, tell, know, help, ask, invite, wish, want, warn, wait for, allow, require, cause, advise, order, encourage, like常用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词有：have, make, let, feel, see, observe, look at, listen to, notice, watch, hear, discover(被动语态要还原to) 结构有：had better do, would rather do(than do), cant but do, do nothing but do, have nothing to do but do, why do?, why not do?作定语：要后置。若不定式是不及物动词，作定语时其后介词不能省。 (修饰的名词是time,place,way时其后上常省略介词)作状语：表目的：go to sp. to do /do sb. can to do /follow sb. to do 表原因：be sorry to do/be happy to do/be pleased to do后接doing的动词：advise,allow,