[从业资格考试]BECVantagewriting.docVIP

BEC Vantage Writing ON BECn BEC:n Business English Certificaten UCLESn University of Cambridge Local Examinations SyndicateOn BECn 70,000 testees /each yearn 6 fixed time for the test.n Twice a year in Chinan Get the certificate 4 weeks after the testn Statements of results are issued 7 weeks after the testOn BECn BEC考试测试的是以工作场合为背景的英语语言，而不是商务知识。n BEC 考试的四个部分n 阅读和改错 60分钟n 写作 45分钟n 听力 40分钟n 口语 14分钟等级评定和成绩n 所有试卷返回剑桥大学考试中心进行评定n 四份试卷满分120分，每份试卷占25（30分）n 总评定是按照四份试卷所得的总分来评定，通过考试并不需要所有四份试卷都达到非常满意的效果n 三个合格等级课程安排n 一、 概述n 二、 商务英语语言特色n 三、Part I Memo and Noten 四、Part II Business Lettern 五、Part II Business Reportn 六、 解读图表n 七、 试题分析和模考分析 一、概述 n 内容 n 时间安排 n 评分标准 内容 1. Part I n Memo and Note n 40-50 words 2. Part II n Letter and Report n 120-140 words 时间安排45min.n 3-5min get a general idea and plann 35min 10+30n 5 min reviewn *内容比形式重要，传情达意，惜墨如金。 评分标准 1. 考生完成考题指令的程度 （商业领域）2. 语言的正确性和合适性。 （语言领域） 3. 速度（ time management）Band 5Full realization of the task setn All content points included and expanded upon where the task allowsn Controlled, natural use of language, minimal errors which are minorn Wide range of structure and vocabularyn Effectively organised, with appropriate use of cohesive devicesn Register and format consistently appropriateVery positive effect on the readerBand 5-9或10分(18或20分 ) n 全部完成答题要求n 所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允许的情况下加以发挥n 语言规范、自然；错误最少，均属小错。n 多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。n 组织效果好，注意前后呼应。n 语域和格式完全适当。n 给读者的印象极佳。 Band 3n Reasonable achievement of the task setn All major content points inculded, some minor omissionsn A number of errors will be present, but they do not impede communicationn Adequate range of structure and vocabularyn Register and format reasonable , although not entirely successfuln Satisfactory effect on the readerBand 3-5或6分( 14或16分 n 尚能达到答题要求n 所有的主要内容点已包括进去，遗漏了一些次要的内容。n 出现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。n 结构和词汇掌握范围适度。n 组织和安排总的来说令人满意。n 语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。n 给读者的印象较好。 Band 1-1或2分(2或4分 ) n 未能达到答题要求显著的内容遗漏/或大量内容不相关，可能由于对题目要求的误解。严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。缺乏组织，造成交流失败。几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。给读者的印象极差。n Sample An To：All Staffn From: Manager Directorn Date: 27th Marchn Subject: Companys computer systemn Id like to inform you that the companys computer system will be closed down on Wednesday.n Please every employee had any work in his computer or important documents had to be print is out before this day to work Manual on Wednesday if it is Possible? I hope after the improvement as you all know how the computer was?n Thanks.n Band 2n Due to omission of a content point and poor language control, the target reader would not be clearly informed. Otherwise, the format and register of the email is appropriate.n To：All Staffn From: Petar Koevn Date: 27 March 2004n Subject: Computer systemn I want to inform you that the company system will be closed next Wednesday at 12oclock. The system will be down for at least two hours, please make sure that you have saved all your work. The whole system will ran on a new server which is faster.n Thank you.n Band 5n All the content points are clearly addressed, and the language is well controlled and concise, making use of a range of suitable expression.n Sample c n The purpose of this report is that we need more staff.n Indeed if we compare the number of people who work in this department between 2001 and 2003, it only increased from five people but the orders are twice more numerous.n Furthermore, our sales department has announced an important order form a company. It will be very difficult to satisfy this demand if we dont increase our staff.n Since a few time, the annual holiday is five weeks per year. Thats means that every person will miss it work one week more per year and during this time the work wont be done.n Finally, we received a mail from a customer to informe us that he became his order six weeks late.n However, if we had more staff the order should be on time.n Band 3n All the content points have been covered and the report is appropriate in terms of register and format. There is clear evidence of organization and good use is made of discourse makers. There are a number of language errors, but these are relatively minor and do not impede communication of the message.n Report on: More staff in our departmentn Date: 27.03.2004n Introductionn This report aims to explain why our department needs more staff.n Findingsn That latest statistic comparing the number of staff in our department and the average number of units ordered points out the main reason for more staff. While the number of ordered units grow up from only 200,000 to 400,000 within 2 years the number of staff grew only by 5 people. The staff Newsletter for February 2004 is about the big new order from an international company. But because of the increase of annual holiday to 5 weeks per year there will be not enough for all the work. Another reason for more staff is that we will have fewer delays.n Conclusionn There are many reasons which explain the importance of more staff. It is especially important for reducing the number of delays in delivery and to optimize the workflow.n Recommendationsn More staff does not only mean more costs, it also means satisfied customers.n Band 4n All the content points have been addressed with reasonable attempts at development. The report is generally well organized and it is cohesive and concise. Overall, the language used is accurate and includes a good range of grammar and vocabulary.n 评分四个方面：n 1 contentn 2 languagen 3 structure & vocabularyn 4 organisationn 5 style 1. 考生完成考题指令的程度 （商业领域）n situation writingn 能力和分数的结合n 要定身份、文体n 对指令所涉及内容的理解和表述n 对写作常识的了解2. 语言的正确性和合适性 语法 词汇 语气 合理的结构 格式二、商务英语语言特色:6cn Correctness 准确n Conciseness 简洁n Clarity 清楚n Concreteness 具体n Courteousness 礼貌 n Completeness 完整Correctness 准确n 1准确(correctness)n 包括四层意义，即阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平；使用精确措词，传达准确信息；正确地使用语法和标点符号；拼写正确。n It takes five minutes trip to the parking lot.n Parking lot is 500 f away.1. Correctness 准确n 语气准确n 措辞准确n 信息准确n 标点n 语法准确 语气准确恰当的语言风格词汇n fixed terms （常为职位或名称）n CEO,n auditor, n cashiern business words (商务词汇)n listed 上市， n outstanding account (未收、未清账目), n quotation, n standing trustee 常务理事, n subsidiary专业及复杂词汇比较正式n Wewill receive about $500 n Wewill receive approximately $500.n first price -issued pricen go on, continue, -proceed措辞准确 语态选择 Sales were increased by 32 percent last month. Sales increased by 32 percent last month. We will soon deliver the pipe you ordered. The pipe you ordered will be soon delivered. 避免contraction(dont)和指代不明n 不要用I think, 而要用guess/believe/have an idea/have the feeling thatn It is believed thatn * 不完整的句子不要用n Hot cake on sale 语法 语法上的错误 逻辑上的错误 e.g. Working as fast as possible, the budget soon was released to the public. I d like to discuss the issue after Vicki gives her presentation but before Marvin shows his slide. Quizn The project manager told the engineer last week the specifications were changed.n The project manager told the engineer last week that the specifications were changed.n The project manager told the engineer that last week the specifications were changed.2. clarity清楚n (1)逻辑布局(Logical Organization)n 常用的逻辑布局方法包括： n 因果关系(Cause & Effect)n 时间顺序(Chronological Development)n 序列顺序(Sequential Development)n 比较(Comparison)n 一般到特殊(From General to Specific) n 特殊到一般(From Specific to General)(2)合理构架句群与段落(Well-Written Sentences & Paragraphs)n 例句： n 修改前: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago, and it now has branch offices in four states, and it employs nearly 400 individuals.n 修改后: Marshall Corporation was founded forty years ago. With branch offices in four states, it now employs nearly 400 individuals.n (3)统一性与一致性(Unity and Coherence)n n (4)强调(Emphasis)n 位置n 重复n 数量n 技巧将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近。n 比较下面句子：n A. They bought a bicycle in Beijing in a small shop which costs $ 25.00.n They bought a bicycle for $25.00 in a small shop in Beijing.n B. He was warned not to drink water even in a restaurant which had not been boiled.n He was warned not to drink water which had not been boiled.n (6) 避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。n We shall take a firm line with the firmn We shall take a strong line with the firm3.conciseness简洁 We have begun to export our machine to countries abroad. We have begun to export our machines.2. In the event that you speak to Mr. Wood in regard to production, ask him to give consideration to the delivery schedule. If you speak to Mr. Wood about production, ask him to consider the delivery schedule.3. We require furniture which is of the new type. We require new-type furniture.n a. 避免陈词滥调，累赘的表达 *有单词就不要用词组 *有动词就不要用-tion，-sion decide & come to decision n as the case may ben it has come to my attentionn at an early agen avail yourself of this opportunityn previous ton crack of dawnn pursuant to your requestn n b. 丰富表达法，注意保持礼貌。we make this allowance of 5%We can offer a 5% discountYou must have realized 5% discount is the furthest we can go with soaring material price.价格下降Decrease, fall, drop, decline, go down, plummet, 使用简洁的语言(Use simple language)n 尽量使用 避免使用n pleasewill you be good enough ton preferexpress a preference forn becausefor the reason thatn Read peruse n Finish, accomplish consummate 避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复 1. We would like topleasen 2. For the month of Augustfor Augustn 3. Pursuant to the end of this weeknown 4. A long period of timea long timen 5. At this timenow避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复n 6. Is at this timeisn 7. The weight was higher thanthe weight was greater thann 8. I expected it to beexpectedn 9. During the year of 1995during 1995n 10. For the development offor developingn 11. In the city of Dallasin Dallas避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复n 12. The problem was that the car would notthe car would not start n startn 13. Square in shapesquaren 14. in accordance with your requestn you requestedn 15. Sign on the front of this formsign this formn 16. During the time thatwhilen 17. Consensus of opinionwe agreen 18. Remember the fact thatremembern 19, Held a meetingmetn 20. this is the situation at this timenown In the near future-n At the present timen Come to a decisionn Express a preference for n A long period of n In the year of n (the problem is that ) the car did not stopn (remember the fact that)-remember that删改无关紧要的成份 n A. It should be noted that this is the best we can do,n B. For your information we enclose a catalogue.n C. Please be advised that we have received your invoice.n 1. as soon as possible by July 10n 2. as you indicated in your letter as you indicatedn 3. at all times alwaysn 4. at this time nown 5. continue to utilize the old form until start using the new form on Februaryn such time as the new form is availablen 6. despite the fact thatdespiten 7. for the month of Aprilfor Apriln 8. for obvious reason thatbecausen 9. I would ask that youpleasen I0. in conjunction withwithn 11. in the mere recent pastrecentlyn 12. in the unlikely event thatifn 13. in the unlikely event that I am unable to if I am late, please delay the meetingn be on time, please delay the meetingn 14. in view of the fact thatbecausen 15. it will be greatly appreciated if youpleasen 16. our production of the new product will begin production will commencen 17. please be advised that we expect you toplease review the contractn review the enclosed contractn (5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。n Payment of their accounts will be made by Johnsons next weekn Johnsons will pay their accounts next weekn 尽可能提供明确、具体的信息n A. These brakes can stop a car within a short distance.n These Goodson power brakes can stop a 2-ton car within 24 feet.n B. We hope the equipment will be delivered to our company as soon as possible.n Please deliver the equipment to our company before next Friday.n C. She is a fast typist.n She types at the fast rate of 85 words per minute.a. 具体词汇n (2) 使用具体词汇 n A. We have no hesitation in advising youn We advise youn B. The preparation of new price scale is in hand.n New price scales are being prepared this week.n C. Due to the unusual nature of the request,n As the request is unusual,n n a great deal of time, bad, large, good, small, around, old, convenient, young, little, majority, minority, most, lessb. 具体信息 在必要的情况下，我们可以而且必须根据自身情况描述一些题目中没有的细节，这种杜撰不是凭空的，而是根据自身特点和强项杜撰的。5 完整(Completeness) n 自查：谁(Who)? 什么(What)? 什么时候(When)? 在哪里(Where)? 为什么(Why)? 怎么样(How)? 6. courteousness礼貌n Dear Mrs. Walters,n Because you delayed so long in your response, Model GSF is off stock. If you are interested, we have some similar models on handn Yours truly,Revised form n Dear Mrs. Waltersn If I had known your needs before May 20, I could have shipped Model GSP immediately. However, the spring sale drained our stock.n The Model GSK, a similar instrument, is in stock, and you could have it at the same price as the GSF. It normally sells for $10,000 more. we will ship it as soon as you give us the word.n Yours sincerelyn a.商业礼貌实例分析n 表明来访原因，建立好感。 n We learn from the ABC Ltd that you are a leading exporter of light industrial product in your country. n 表明兴趣，希望可以合作n We are at present very interested in your products and would appreciate it very much if you could send us your latest catalogue and samples. Continued n 表明具体合作项目。 n Please send us your CIF prices, discounts and your terms of payment. n 展望未来，打消顾虑 （long / stable）n We hope this will be a good start of our long and profitable business relationships2)YOU-ATTITUDE n Writer emphasis: n We are shipping your order on Friday.n Reader emphasis:n You will receive your order by Monday, October 10.n Writer emphasis: n To reduce our costs, we are changing the billing system.n Reader emphasis:n To provide you with clear records, we are changing our billing system.n Writer emphasis:n I was pleased to hear that the project was completed.n Reader emphasis:n Congratulations on successfully completing the project3)措辞得体(Appropriate Wording) n a避免采用消极性的词汇或句式n The office is closed after four Oclock. n The office is open until four Oclock.n When I received your complaint, I checked our records.n When I received your letter, I checked our records. Continued n You did not read my recent letter.n Please refer to my June 10th letter n Your letter was not clear.n I would appreciate an outline of our marketing differences that you mentioned in your October 14th letter.b.有失礼貌的言词n We deny your claim n We do not believe n We find it difficult to understand n You forgot n You neglected n You failed to n You misunderstood b.有失礼貌的言词n You must n You should know n You do not have n You are delinquent n Your ignoring n Your recent complaint n Your neglectful attitude n Your disregard for n Your lack of communication 4)避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语n A用“person”代替第三人称单数。n Please share this report with your supervisor. He will find it interesting.n Please share this report with your supervisor, who will find it interesting. 有性别歧视之嫌的商务英语词汇种族和民族n Disadvantaged black childrenn Children from lower-income familiesn Jim Wong is an unusually tall Asian.n Jim Wong is tall.残疾n Cripple workers face many barriers on the job.n Disabled workers 年龄n Mary Kirazy, 58, has just joined our trust department.n Old peoplen Elderly, senior 及时答复 n 例：We will examine your camera to determine the shutter-response problem and have it back to you within three weeks, if repairs axe needed, I will call you for approval to make the repairs.n 例：Mr. Smith is out of the office until the end of the month. I am sure he will be able to provide you with all of the information you requested when he returns.Structure & vocabulary n 用词的语法错误n 词组的语法错误n 句子的语法错误n 篇章中的错误n 名词单复数n Many kinds of aricrafts were involved in the attack of the harbor.n Sheep, deer, fish, Chinses, workn 搭配n We are paid in the month but they are paid in the day.n 动词n The man dressing in black jacket is wearing a boy.n 副词n Some time sometimes Discourse marker1表示罗列增加n First, second, third,n First, then / next, after that / next, finallyn For one thing for another,n On (the) one handon the other hand,n Besides / whats more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,n Especially / In particular,2表示时间顺序n now, at present, recently,after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in the beginning, to begin with,later, next, finally,n immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment，from now on, from then on,at the same time, meanwhile,till, notuntil, before, after, when, while, as ,during,n 3表示解释说明n now, in addition, for example, for instance