[英语学习]全新版综合教程B3U.doc

大学英语全新版综合教程Book 3Unit 5 How to Celebrate HolidaysText A Writing Three Thank-You Letters Alex Haley served in the Coast Guard during World War II. On an especially lonely day to be at seaThanksgiving Dayhe began to give serious thought to a holiday that has become, for many Americans, a day of overeating and watching endless games of football. Haley decided to celebrate the true meaning of Thanksgiving by writing three very special letters.I. Teaching Objectives (5 periods)Students will be able to:1. understand the main idea and the structure of the text;2. learn to memorize words in association;3. grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.II. Before Reading1. English Song Theres No Place Like Home for the Holidays (歌词见课本P321)1) Script for the recording: To begin with, lets listen to a song called Theres No Place Like Home For The Holidays.Theres No Place Like Home for the Holidays Perry Como Oh, theres no place like home for the holidays Cause no matter how far away your roam If you long for the sunshine and a friendly gazeFor the holidays you cant beat home sweet homeI met a man who lived in TennesseeAnd he was looking forPennsylvania and some homemade pumpkin pieNow in Pennsylvania folks are travelingDown to Dixies sunny shoreThe Atlantic to PacificOh, the season is terrificOh, theres no place like home for the holidaysFor the holidays you cant beat home sweet home2) Perry ComoPerry Como has a very fine, silky voice. Just the sort of voice one needs for a sentimental song full of familiar phrases such as theres no place like home and home sweet home”. It sounds as if he is singing about Thanksgiving, as he sings of homemade pumpkin pie, a traditional dish for the Thanksgiving holiday. Thanksgiving for Americans is much like Spring Festival for us, a time when families try to get back together. In America people often travel many miles to get back to their hometown, whether its from north to south, Pennsylvania.down to Dixie” (Dixie is a traditional name for the American South) or from east to west, the Atlantic to Pacific.”3) Questions about the Song and the Text a) According to the singer, why are people busy coming and going on holidays? They want to go back to their hometown. b) In what way is Thanksgiving similar to our Spring Festival? Both are occasions for families to get together. c) Whom will you thank in a holiday like Thanksgiving Day? Parents, grandparents, teachers, friends etc. d) Are holidays a good tine to express gratitude? Which holidays are the most appropriate?Yes. Mothers Day, Fathers Day, Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Festival,Teachers Day, etc. e) Quite often we take for granted the people who are nice to us, then we realize all too late that we have never expressed our appreciation. At other times, when we are away from the holiday rush, we are able to recall the true significance of a holiday a time to say how much we value others. The author of this text did exactly that. Have you expressed your gratitude to the person(s)? If the answer is yes, what have you done? If the answer is no, what do you plan to do?2. Thanksgiving 1) Introduction Thanksgiving is celebrated in the US on the fourth Thursday in November. For many Americans it is the most important holiday apart from Christmas. Schools, offices and most businesses close for Thanksgiving, and many people make the whole weekend a vacation. The writer O. Henry called it the one day that is purely American. The holiday is a time of family reunion.2) Origin Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to North America. In 1620 the ship the Mayflower arrived, bringing about 150 people who today are usually called Pilgrims. They arrived at the beginning of a very hard winter and could not find enough to eat, so many of them died. But in the following summer Native Americans showed them what foods were safe to eat, so that they could save food for the next winter. They held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans for the fact that they had survived.3) Special Meal Today people celebrate Thanksgiving to remember these early days. The most important part of the celebration is a traditional dinner with foods that come from North America. The meal includes turkey, sweet potatoes (also called yams) and cranberries, which are made into a kind of sauce or jelly. The turkey is filled with stuffing or dressing, and many families have their own special recipe. Dessert is pumpkin made into a pie.4) Celebrations On Thanksgiving there are special television programs and sports events. A number of professional and university football games are played on Thanksgiving Day. In New York there is the Macys Thanksgiving Day Parade, when a long line of people wearing fancy costumes march through the streets with large balloons in the shape of imaginary characters. Thanksgiving is considered the beginning of the Christmas period, and the next day many people go out to shop for Christmas presents. 3. The Pilgrims The pilgrims were the 102 English people who sailed to America on the Mayflower in 1620. Their group included 35 Puritans whose aim was to create a safe religious community in the New World. The Pilgrims probably landed at Plymouth Rock, and they established Plymouth colony.4. Native AmericansNative Americans were living in North America for many hundreds of years before Europeans reached the continent. For a long time white people called them Indians. Today many people do not like this name since it is based on a mistake: it was given to the people living in the America by Christopher Columbus, who, when he arrived there, thought he had landed in India. Instead, people prefer to use the term Native Americans.5. The United States Coast Guard The United States Coast Guard is the US military service that is controlled by the US Department of Transportation but becomes part of the US Navy during a war. It was established in 1915. The Coast Guard stops ships suspected of carrying drugs and other illegal goods, and can make arrests. It also keeps watch to see that other laws of the sea are obeyed, rescues ships in danger and has a weather service.III. Global Reading 1. Word-web1) Think of as many words and phrases as possible about a ship.hooter 汽笛 radar 雷达cabin 船舱anchor锚boiler room 锅炉房 life buoy/jacket 救生圈衣wheelhouse 操舵室 harbor 港口engine room 轮机舱dock码头deck 甲板 crew船员propeller 螺旋桨 captain船长rudder 舵 chief officer 大副mast 桅杆 second officer 二副2) Think of the English equivalents for the following different types of “船”. 航空母舰Aircraft carrier 独木舟canoe（大型）游艇 yacht快速大帆船clipper ship集装箱船container ship油轮oil tanker巡洋舰Cruiser驱逐舰destroyer破冰舰icebreaker摩托艇motorboat舢板 Sampan潜水艇 Submarine气垫船hovercraft2. Part Division of the Text Parts Lines Main Ideas1131(Para1-9)On Thanksgiving Day of 1943, as a young coast guardsman at sea, the writer came up with the idea of expressing his gratitude to people who had helped him before.23266(Para10-16)The writer wrote three thank-you letters to his father, the Rev. Nelson and his grandmother.36798(Para17-23)The writer got three letters in reply.499111(Para24-26)The writer wishes everyone to find the good and praise it.3. Further UnderstandingFor Part 1 Questions and Answers1) Where did the writer spend that thanksgiving? Where was he going?He spent that Thanksgiving on a ship. He was going to a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific.2) Why do you think they were sailing there?They were sending thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods and five-hundred-pound bombs there. 3) What made him as a cook extremely busy on that Thanksgiving Day? As a cook, he was preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey. It was a lot of hard work to cook and serve a big meal, and clean up and put everything away. 4) What was he thinking about on the deck after the days hard work?He got to thinking about Thanksgiving, of the Pilgrims, Indians, wild turkeys, pumpkins, corn on the cob, and the rest.For Part 23 Table CompletionFill in the table with the main contents of the letters.CorrespondentsLetters SentLetters ReceivedFatherThanks him for teaching the writer from boyhood to love books and reading.Tells the writer how he, as a teacher and a father as well, felt content with his own son.The Rev. NelsonThanks him for his morning school prayers.Tells the writer about his retirement coupled with self-doubt, and the reassurance brought to him by the writers letter.GrandmotherThanks her for teaching the writer how to tell the truth, to share and to be forgiving, and for her good cooking and her sprinkling the writers life with stardust.Expresses her loving gratefulness for her grandson.IV. While-reading tasksDetailed Reading: Words and phrases and sentencesT explains language points and gives Ss practice. When they come to the end of a part, Ss will sum up its main idea in the blanks provided in Text Organization Exercise 1. Part 1 (Paras1 9)1. (L2)under way: in. position or operation, having started and making progress -Preparations for the 2008 Olympic Games are now well under way. -A battle to conquer nature is under way. Collocation: all the way 自始自终 any way 无论如何 by the way 顺便说by way of 经由；通过的方法2. (L3-6) Most of her holds contained thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods. The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks. Out destination was a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific.Why was it necessary for the writer to offer so many details of his voyage?The details indicate that this Thanksgiving was unusual, explaining why the writerfelt the need to celebrate it in an unusual way.3. (L8-9) This Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey.Paraphrase this part.this Thanksgiving morning we were busy preparing a traditional dinner which included mainly roast turkey. “Feature” here means “to include as a special part”.4. (L11) put away: remove (sth.) to a place where it is usually stored -Put the books away neatly on the shelf. -He has a habit of putting away his tools after work.5. (L14-15) I made my way out there, breathing in great, deep draughts while walking slowly about, still wearing my white cooks hat.1) Analyze the structure of the sentence. 在这个长句中有三个-ing分词：breathing、walking和wearing、breathing为made my way out的伴随状语、walking与while 连用表示与breathing这一动作同时发生，wearing为walking的伴随状语。2) Translate the sentence into Chinese.我信步走去，一边深深呼吸着空气，一边慢慢地踱着步，头上仍戴着那顶白色的厨师帽。6. (L16) got to thinking get to sth./doing sth: begin to give serious attention to or deal with -Recently Ive got to wondering why I am doing the part-time job. -Ill get to the accounts as soon as I can.7. (L19-20) It must have taken me a half hour to sense that maybe some key to an answer could result from reversing the word “Thanksgiving”- at least that suggested a verbal direction, “Giving thanks”.Translate the sentence into Chinese. 大概过了半个小时我才意识到，问题的关键也许在于把Thanksgiving 这个词前后颠倒一下，那样一来至少文字好懂了：Giving thanks.8. (L21) reversing reverse: vt. turn around to the opposite direction; exchange the position of -The rise, the first in 10 months, reversed the downward trend in the countrys joblessrate.-Why dont you reverse the order so that I perform first and he performs second?9. (L25) turn over: think about; consider -他在心里反复考虑这件事情。 He turned the matter over in his mind. -She sat there quietly, turning over the problem. Collocation:turn aside 避开，撇开turn (away) from 对感到厌恶 turn down 关小；拒绝 turn up 开大；出现10. (L28) repay: vt. pay back; reward - She repaid me the money. - How can l ever repay you for your kindness?11. (L29-30) Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them so much as asimple, sincere “Thank you.”The author took all for granted and never expressed any appreciation. The sentence is in inverted order.*Questions & Answers: Part 1: (Paras1 -9): 1. When and where did the writer write the three “thank you” letters?I wrote the three letters on the ship USS Murzim on 1943s Thanksgiving Day.2. What made the writer as a cook extremely busy on the Thanksgiving Day when his ship was sailing to the island of Tulagi?They were busy preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey. They had a lot of hard work to cook and serve a big meal, and clean up and put everything away.3. What was the writer thinking about on the deck after the days hard work?He got to thinking about Thanksgiving, of the pilgrims, Indians, wild turkeys, pumpkins, corn on the cob, and the rest.4. What then did he decide to do?He decided to thank people who had done so much for him that he could never possibly repay them.Part 2(Paras 10-16):12. (L34) gratitude: n. being thankful; thankfulness (followed by to sb. / for sth.) -He showed me his gratitude by inviting me to dinner. -She expressed her gratitude for our help. Collocation:feel gratitude 心怀感激show gratitude 表露感激之情deep/profound gratitude 深切的谢意everlasting gratitude 永远的感谢sincere gratitude 诚挚的谢意13. (L47) specific: adj. relating to one thing and not others; particular -He uses a specific tool for each job. -试卷回答要明确具体。Be specific in your examination answers.CF: specific, special, particular & especial均有“特殊的、特别的”的意思。1) specific 意思是具体的、特定的、明确的。 -He gave us a specific statement of the case. 关于这个案子他向我们作了详尽的陈述。2) special 意思是特殊的、专门的，强调某事物的特殊性或特殊用途。 - This is a special case, deserving special treatment.这是一个特别案例，值得特殊处理。3) particular 意思是特殊的、特别的，强调事物的独特性、突出性。 - This particular case is an exception to the rule.这个特殊个案是个例外。4) especial 是special 的旧式的正式用语，用于强调。 - We have an especial need of help at this time.我们这个时候需要特别帮助。 Translate the following sentences into English, using the above words. a) 我需要一个明确的回答。 * I want a specific answer. b) 没有什么特别的。 * Nothing special. c) 故事就发生在那一天。 * The story happened on that particular day. d) 他特别不喜欢流行音乐。 * He has an especial dislike for pop music.14. (L47) on ones behalf/on behalf of sb.: for sb.; in the interests of sb.; as the representative of sb. -My husband cant be here today, so Im going to speak on his behalf. -律师代表当事人说话。The lawyer spoke on behalf of his client.15. (L49) impress: vt. 1) fix in sb.s mind; make the importance of (sth.) very clear to sb. Pattern:a) impress upon/on sb. + that-clauseb) impress upon/on sb. sth. -My father impressed on me the value of hard work. 2) cause (sb.) to feel admiration or respect -I am impressed by/with his performance.16. (L51) diminish: v. make or become smaller or less -His illness diminished his strength. -我们的友谊决不会因时间的流逝而减弱。 Time will never cause our friendship to diminish.17. (L53)expose: vt. leave uncovered or unprotected -He enjoys exposing his skin to the sun.-作为战时摄影记者，她遇到了很多危险。 As a photographer in the war, she was exposed to many dangers. Pattern: be exposed to 18. (L53) immerse: vt. cover completely in a liquid; absorb deeply -He lay immersed in a hot bath. -她专心致志地工作，因而没有注意到我。She was so immersed in her work that she didnt notice me. CF: immerse, dunk dip 这几个词均有“浸（入）”的意思。1)immerse是正式用语，指把某物完全浸入液体中，也可以指陷入或专心于某事。 -I immersed myself in work so as to stop thinking about her.为了不再想她，我使自己完全沉浸在工作之中。2) dunk 是非正式用语，指将某物部分置于液体中，动作慢且轻。 -She used to dunk her biscuits in her tea.以前她总是把饼干浸在茶里泡了吃。3) dip 是常用词，亦指将某物部分置于液体中，但马上便从液体中提出，其特点是小心谨慎或带有试探性。 -She dipped a toe in the water to see how cold it was.她把脚尖浸入水中，以探知水有多凉。Put into each gap one of the above words. Change the form where necessary.a) The whole town was immersed in a festival atmosphere.b) Its nice to dunk oneself in a pool on a hot day.c) He dipped the penpoint into the ink and then went on writing. 19. (L54)marvelous: adj, causing wonder; excellent -Its marvelous that we could see each other again.-It is a marvelous creation by the workers.20. (L58-59) I told him that whatever positive things I had done since had been influenced at least in part by his morning school prayers. Analyze the structure of the sentence. Whatever positive morning school prayer 是宾语从句。I had done since 是定语从句，修饰whatever positive things, since 为副词，修饰had done, in part 在这里意为partly.21. (L64) sprinkle: vt. scatter (drops or particles of sth.) on (sth.); scatter in small drops 1) Pattern: sprinkle sth. on/over sth. -The gardener is sprinkling water on the grass. 2) Pattern: sprinkle sth. with sth. -Sprinkle the top with cheese. -He likes to eat fish sprinkled with pepper.*Questions & Answers:Part