2010高考二轮复习英语考案——专题五_动词和动词短语.doc

专题五 动词和动词短语一、动词的分类根据意义和句法作用，英语动词可分为四类：1.行为动词（实义动词）及物动词 （带宾语）：study, develop;不及物动词（不带宾语）work, swim, go, come状态动词（相对静止）contain, exist, own, prefer, belong动作动词 延续性（work, stay）；非延续性（marry, go, come）2.系动词表示人或事物的特征和状态：be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound表示状态的变化：turn, go, become, get, fall, grow表示某种状态的延续或持续：remain, keep, stay3.助动词（与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语）：be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall4.情态动词：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)二、动词及动词短语 易混动词归纳对比 1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：中 文原 形过 去 式过去分词现在分词说 明放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：the little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）5、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。6、bear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:he was born in shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：she has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。7、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：they were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:i seated myself in the armchair.8、borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。9、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:i have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。10、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。11、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 12、take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。13、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。14、reach，arrive与get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。15、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如it takes me three hours to finish this work.16、lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing.17、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:he was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：i dress my children in the morning every day.18、begin与startbegin与start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。19、allow 与permitallow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：people are not allowed to spit.20、find与foundfind找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：the peoples republic of china was founded in 1949.21、speak, say, talk 与tell英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：please speak english。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：my watch was broken. it couldnt tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为it said 。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：the father always speaks well of his son.。22、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 23、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。1.-itsagoodidea.butwhosgoingto_theplan? -ithinktomandgregwill. a.setaside b.carryout c.takein d.getthrough 2.happilyforjohnsmother,heisworkingharderto_hislosttime. a.makeupfor b.keepupwith c.catchupwith d.makeuseof 3.ifyouhad_yourtestpapercarefullybeforehandingitin,youwouldhavemadefewermistakes. a.lookedup b.thoughtabout c.goneover d.goneround 4.wouldyouslowdownabit,please?icant_you. a.keepupwith b.putupwith c.makeupto d.holdonto 5.youdbetter_somemoneyforspecialuse. a.pickup b.giveaway c.putoff d.setaside 6.inorderto_withtheadvancedcountries,wemustkeeplearning. a.getalong b.putup c.catchup d.goon 7.wedidntplanourartexhibitionlikethatbutit_verywell. a.workedout b.triedout c.wenton d.carriedon 8.implanningtoholdapartyintheopenair,buticanmakenoguaranteesbecauseit_theweather. a.linkswith b.dependson c.connectsto d.decideson 9.-smokingisbadforyourhealth. -yes,iknow.butisimplycant_. a.giveitup b.giveitin c.giveitout d.giveitaway 10.ifyou_anyproblemswhenyouarriveattheairport,givemearing a.comeupwith b.setabout c.runinto d.putaside 11.wethoughtofsellingthisoldfurniture,butwevedecidedto_it.itmightbevaluable. a.holdonto b.keepupwith c.turnto d.lookafter 12.hismotherhadthoughtitwouldbegoodforhischaracterto_fromhomeandearnsomemoneyonhisown. a.runaway b.takeaway c.keepaway d.getaway 13.canyoumakeasentenceto_themeaningofthephrase? a.showoff b.turnout c.bringout d.takein 14.newsreportssaypeacetalksbetweenthetwocountries_withnoagreementreached. a.havebrokendown b.havebrokenoutc.havebrokenin d.havebrokenup 15.dontmentionthatatthebeginningofthestory,oritmay_theshockingending. a.giveaway b.giveout c.giveup d.giveoff 16.theideapuzzledmesomuchthatistoppedforafewsecondstotryto_. a.makeitout b.makeitoff c.makeitup d.makeitover 17.he_somefrenchwhilehewasawayonabusinesstripinparis. a.madeout b.pickedup c.gaveup d.tookin 18.theengineoftheshipwasoutoforderandthebadweather_thehelplessnessofthecrewatsea. a.addedto b.resultedfrom c.turnedout d.madeup 19.weregoingto_withsomefriendsforapicnic.wouldyouliketojoinus? a.getin b.getover c.getalong d.gettogether 20.hewasinhospitalforsixmonths.hefeltasifhewas_fromtheoutsideworld. a.cutout b.cutup c.cutoff d.cutthrough 21.itwasfoolishofhimto_hisnotesduringthatimportanttest,andasaresult,hegotpunished. a.stickto b.referto c.keepto d.pointto 22.thesportsmeetwillbe_nextweekbecauseofthebadweather. a.putoff b.putaway c.putup d.putdown 23._thisbookandtellmewhatyouthinkofit. a.lookthrough b.lookon c.lookinto d.lookup 24.afterallthestudentshadtakentheirseats,theteacher_theexaminationpaper. a.handedin b.handedon c.handedout d.handedover 25.ireallydontwanttogototheparty,butidontseehowicanit. a.getbackfrom b.getoff c.getaway d.getoutof 26.readerscan_quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword. a.getover b.getin c.getalong d.getthrough 27.icanhardlyheartheradio.wouldyouplease_? a.turniton b.turnitdown c.turnitup d.turnitoff 28.itiswisetohavesomemoney foroldage. a.putaway b.keptup c.givenaway d.laidup 29.weareallgoingtothegames.whydontyoucome_? a.up b.across c.along d.to 30.she_hisnumberinthephonebooktomakesurethatshehadgotitright. a.lookedup b.lookedfor c.pickedout d.pickedup 31.nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto_. a.beputup b.givein c.beturnedon d.goout 32.theinternethasbrought_bigchangesinthewaywework. a.about b.out c.back d.up 33.idont_rocknroll.itsmuchtoonoisyformytaste. a.goafter b.goawaywith c.gointo d.goinfor 34.itwasnotaseriousillness,andshesoon_it. a.gotover b.gotonwith c.gotround d.gotoutof 35.theforestguardsoftenfindcampfiresthathavenotbeen_completely. a.turneddownb.putout c.putaway d.turnedover 36.insomewesterncountries,demandforgraduatesfrommbacourseshas_. a.turneddownb.turnedover c.fallendown d.fallenover 37.youcantakeanythingfromtheshelfandread,butplease_thebookswhenyouvefinishedwiththem. a.puton b.putdown c.putback d.putoff 38.wewantedtogethomebeforedark,butitdidntquite_asplanneda.makeout b.turnout c.goon d.comeup 39.itiscertainthathewill_hisbusinesstohissonwhenhegetsold.a.takeover b.thinkover c.handover d.goover 40.heaccidentally_hehadquarreledwithhiswifeandthathehadntbeenhomeforacoupleofweek. a.letout b.tookcare c.madesure d.madeout 41.wehaveto_thewheatassoonaspossiblebecauseastormisontheway. a.getaway b.getacross c.getthroughd.getin 42.onceadecisionhasbeenmade,allofusshould_it. a.directto b.stickto c.leadto d.referto 43.beforethewarbrokeout,manypeople_insafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem. a.threwaway b.putaway c.gaveaway d.carriedaway 44.itstenyearssincethescientist_onhislifesworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical. a.madefor b.tookoff c.setout d.turnedup 45.tokeephealthy,professorjohnson_cyclingasregularformofexerciseafterheretired. a.tookup b.caughton c.carriedon d.madefor 46.helenalwayshelpshermothereventhoughgoingtoschool_mostofherday. a.savesup b.makesup c.takesup d.putsup 47.thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.itstimeforusto_ourstudies. a.getdowntob.getout c.getbackfor d.getover 48.afteralongwayshewastiredandherlegs_. a.gavein b.gaveout c.gaveup d.gaveaway 49.failureisthemotherofsuccess._yourcourage. a.keepup b.keepoff c.keepon d.keepaway 50.thepictureofthepark_memoriesofourclasstriplastyear. a.tookup b.cameup c.turnedup d.calledup 51.ifmarycarriesonworkinglikethis,shell_soonerorlater. a.holdon b.giveout c.getdown d.breakdown 52.ill_thematterassoonaspossible.justhavealittlepatience. a.lookinto b.lookafter c.lookthroughd.lookabout 53.ican_somenoisewhileimstudying,buticantstandloudnoise.a.keepupwithb.getalongwith c.catchupwithd.putupwith 54.mycousindoesntknowwhatto_attheuniversity;hecantmakeuphismindabouthisfuture. a.takeon b.takeaway c.takeup d.takeafter 55.peopleinthefar-awaymountainvillagecannot_thisprogram. a.takedown b.pickup c.putaway d.getalong 56.thankyou,butillhaveto_youroffer. a.turnaway b.turndown c.turnback d.turnoff 57.restaurantsineverycornerofchengdunotonlyprovidejobopportunitiesbut_lotsoftaxesaswell. a.bringalongb.bringabout c.resultin d.resultfrom 58.thecontinuousrain_theharvestingofthewheatbytwoweeks. a.setback b.setoff c.setout d.setaside 59.itwasabadideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit_aswellaswehadhoped. a.cameoff b.madeout c.broughtout d.wentoff 60.undergoodtreatment,lindaisbeginningto_andwillsoonrecover.a.turnup b.pickout c.pickup d.showup 61.isimplycouldntunderstandhowit_thatyoudidsomuchworkinsuchashorttime. a.cameup b.camealong c.cameback d.cameabout 62.ikeptaskingmr.smithtostayforlunchandhefinally_. a.gaveup b.gaveout c.gavein d.gaveaway 63.difficultiesandhardshipshave_thebestcharacteroftheyounggeologist. a.broughtin b.broughtup c.broughtout d.broughtabout 64.withoutproperlessons,youcould_alotofbadhabitswhenplayingthepiano. a.keepup b.pickup c.drawup d.catchup 65.peter_alittlemoneyeverymonthsothathecanbuyacarofhisowninthenearfuture.a.setsaside b.setsabout c.setsoff d.setsout 66.-areyoureadytoleave? -almost.illbereadytoleavejustassoonasi_mywork. a.getthrough b.giveup c.carryout d.setabout 67.-howisdennisgettingalongwithhiswork? -well,hecanalways_anewideaforincreasingsales. a.comeabout b.comeupwith c.getwaywithd.getup 68.allthechildrenontheplaygroundstaredupintotheskyuntilthenoiseoftheplane_. a.gaveup b.wentout c.diedaway d.tookoff 69.dobecarefulwhilecrossingthestreet.ifnotyoumayget_byapassingcar. a.runover b.runinto c.runout d.runacross 70.itriedtoworkon,butigotsotiredthaticouldnolonger_. a.keepout b.comedown c.comeup d.holdout 71.johnhasputonsomuchweightrecentlythathismotherhasto_allhistrouserstohismeasure. a.makeup b.giveaway c.bringin d.letout 72.thehotelporter_anybodywhowasntwearingacollarandtie. a.turnedagainstb.turnedoff c.turnedaway d.turnedup 73.-willsomebodygoandgetdr.white? -hesalreadybeen_. a.askedfor b.sentfor c.calledfor d.lookedfor 74.someofthestudentshadlearnedenoughenglishto_aconversationwithanativespeakerofenglish. a.goon b.carryon c.keepon d.takeon 75.itwasgettingdark.wedecidedto_forthenightatafarmhouse. a.putup b.putaway c.putdown d.puton 76.howiwishicould_myideasinsimpleandwonderfulenglishchattingontheinternet. a.setoff b.setout c.setover d.setup 77.thephotographerneedstochargeupthedigitalcameraeverydayasthebattery_quickly. a.shutsup b.endsup c.runsout d.turnsout 78.ifyoulackexperience,youcan_itthroughpractice. a.makeup b.makeupfor c.makeof d.makefrom 79.icouldseeacarinthedistance,butcouldnt_whatcoloritwas.a.makeout b.seethrough c.lookout d.watchout 80.manyforeigners_thegreatwallofchinaastheworldsseventhwonder. a.lookat b.lookfor c.lookaround d.lookon 81.-notgettingthatjobwasabigdisappointment. -dontworry.somethingbetterwill_. a.comealong b.takeon c.goon d.carryon 82.eatingtoomuchfatcan_heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressurea.resultfromb.contributeto c.attendto d.devoteto 83.idontfeelwell.ithinkim_withtheflu. a.goingup b.droppedin c.gettingintouchd.comingdown 84.inbritaintoday,women_44%oftheworkforce,andnearlyhalfthemotherswithchildrenareinpaidwork. a.buildup b.makeup c.takeup d.sendup 85.ourcityisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.ithas_anewlook. a.carriedon b.kepton c.takenon d.puton 86.theschoolbuswas_bythickfog. a.heldup b.brokenoff c.keptup d.putoff 87.wehadananxiousmoment,buteverything_allrightintheend. a.turnedoutb.turnedin c.turnedup d.turnedoff 88.indisneyland,everyyear,some800,000plantsarereplacedbecausedisneyrefusedto_signsaskinghis“guests”nottosteponthem. a.takedown b.callfor c.putup d.setup 89.whenafire_atthenationalexhibitioninlondon,atleasttenpricelesspaintingswerecompletelydestroyed. a.b