2012高考复习之非谓语动词.doc

非谓语动词定义在句子中不是谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词，在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分。3种形式：不定式，-ing形式，-ed形式动词-ing 形式的用法1.作主语seeing is believing. swimming is a good sport. -ing 形式作主语时，有时用it 作形式主语。it is no use talking too much. = talking too much is no use.it is no good crying. = crying is no good.2. 作表语表示一种比较抽象的习惯性的动作。它的主语和表语可以互换。 what he likes best is making jokes. =making jokes is what he likes. 注意：-ing 形式作表语时与进行时态不要混淆。his job was washing dishes.he was washing dishes at that time.3.作宾语常见的接-ing形式作宾语的动词和词组：advise admit avoid consider delay enjoy excuse finish deny forgive mind keep practise prevent resist risk suggest appreciate cant help doing sth. put off give up look forward to doing be used to doing succeed in doing feel like doing spend(in) doing be busy (in) doing stick to doing 有些动词后加 to do 和doing 意思不同remember forget regret try need want your coat wants washing.the batteries in the radio need changing.4. 作宾语感觉动词：feel find hear smell observe watch notice look at listen to 使役动词：have set get keepi hear someone knocking at the door.his words set me thinking.5.现在分词作状语1）.时间状语_the good news, he jumped with great joy. hearing2). 原因状语_nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note. seeing3). 伴随状语the girl came in, _her parents. following4). 结果状语the poor old man died, _nothing to his children. leaving1.保持主语的一致性seeing on the top of the hill, i find the city very beautiful.有些词特殊：judging from / by generally speakingallowing for 2. -ing形式作状语的否定式：not + doingnot knowing her telephone number, we cant get in touch with her.3.分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前时，用分词的完成式。 _with john, i realized my mistakes. having talkedthe past participle1. 作定语qualified teacher ; a crowded bus; fallen leaves; polluted water; wounded soldierthe girl dressed in red is marys sister.this is a book written by lu xun.2.作表语the door remained locked. she was surprised at the news.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别the glass is broken. the glass was broken by my sister.3.作宾补1).感官动词： feel， see， hear， watch， smell， taste， notice， observe， find等i heard the song sung in our schoolcan you smell the food burnt？when we got to school, we saw the door locked.2).表使役的动词：have， make， get等speak a little louder to make yourself heardwe should work harder to get the work done on timehelen had her wallet stolen when she did shopping in a supermarket. 3).表保持某种状态的动词： keep， leave , remain 等 while you were out, you should keep your doors and windows closedit is bad manners if he left the door broken after he broke it4. 作状语_from the trip, he soon fell asleep. tired 原因状语_from the hill, the city looks like a garden. seen 时间状语_ more time, i would have worked out the problem. given 条件状语the teacher came in, _by some students. followed伴随状语to do 的用法动词不定式：（to）+do，否定式：not + (to) do （1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后， im glad to meet you. we plan to pay a visit. he wants to be an artist. the patient asked to be operated on at once. （2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： the boy pretended to be working hard. he seems to be reading in his room. （3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： i regretted to have told a lie. i happened to have seen the film. 不定式的句法功能 （1）作主语： to finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. to lose your heart means failure. 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： it is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. it means failure to lose your heart. （2）作表语： her job is to clean the hall. he appears to have caught a cold. （3）作宾语： 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如： marx found it important to study the situation in russia. （4）作宾语补足语： 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如： with a lot of work to do, he didnt go to the cinema 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如： i saw him cross the road. he was seen to cross the road. （5）作定语： we have made a plan to finish the work. i have a meeting to attend. he is the first to get here. 注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如： he found a good house to live in. the child has nothing to worry about. 如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词： he has no place to live. this is the best way to work out this problem. （6）作状语： 表目的： he worked day and night to get the money. she sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： wrong：to save money, every means has been tried. right：to save money, he has tried every means. wrong：to learn english well, a dictionary is needed.right：to learn english well, he needs a dictionary. 表结果： he arrived late to find the train gone. 常用only放在不定式前表示强调： visited him only to find him out. 表原因： they were very sad to hear the news. 表程度： its too dark for us to see anything. the question is simple for him to answer. 1. john was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.a. to wash b. washing c. wash d. to be washing2. the chinese are proud of the 29th olympic games _ in beijing in 2008.a. hold b. holding c. to hold d. to be held3. im going to the supermarket this afternoon. do you have anything _?a. to be bought b. to buy c. for buying d. bought4. _, i dont like the way you did the work.a. telling the truth b. tell the truth c. to tell the truth d. truth to tellto be honest/ to begin with/ to tell the truth5. bob hurried to schools only _ no one in the classroom.a. found b. finding c. to find d. have found1. _ such heavy pollution already, it may be too late to clean up the river. a.having suffered b. suffered c. to suffer d. suffering a2.in the past few years,we have had thousands of trees _ around our school. a. plant b. planted c. planting d. being planted b3. she was glad to see her child well _ care of. a. take b. to be taken c. taken d. taking c4. the picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.a. having hung b. hanging c. hangs d. being hung b5.john rushed out in a hurry，_ the